27 research outputs found
Вихретоковый анизотропный термоэлектрический первичный преобразователь лучистого потока
Представлена оригинальная конструкция первичного преобразователя лучистого потока, который может служить основой для создания приемника неселективного излучения с повышенной чувствительностью
Genome-Wide Association Study of Lung Adenocarcinoma in East Asia and Comparison With a European Population
Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer. Known risk variants explain only a small fraction of lung adenocarcinoma heritability. Here, we conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma of East Asian ancestry (21,658 cases and 150,676 controls; 54.5% never-smokers) and identified 12 novel susceptibility variants, bringing the total number to 28 at 25 independent loci. Transcriptome-wide association analyses together with colocalization studies using a Taiwanese lung expression quantitative trait loci dataset (n = 115) identified novel candidate genes, including FADS1 at 11q12 and ELF5 at 11p13. In a multi-ancestry meta-analysis of East Asian and European studies, four loci were identified at 2p11, 4q32, 16q23, and 18q12. At the same time, most of our findings in East Asian populations showed no evidence of association in European populations. In our studies drawn from East Asian populations, a polygenic risk score based on the 25 loci had a stronger association in never-smokers vs. individuals with a history of smoking (Pinteraction = 0.0058). These findings provide new insights into the etiology of lung adenocarcinoma in individuals from East Asian populations, which could be important in developing translational applications
Genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma in East Asia and comparison with a European population.
Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer. Known risk variants explain only a small fraction of lung adenocarcinoma heritability. Here, we conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma of East Asian ancestry (21,658 cases and 150,676 controls; 54.5% never-smokers) and identified 12 novel susceptibility variants, bringing the total number to 28 at 25 independent loci. Transcriptome-wide association analyses together with colocalization studies using a Taiwanese lung expression quantitative trait loci dataset (n = 115) identified novel candidate genes, including FADS1 at 11q12 and ELF5 at 11p13. In a multi-ancestry meta-analysis of East Asian and European studies, four loci were identified at 2p11, 4q32, 16q23, and 18q12. At the same time, most of our findings in East Asian populations showed no evidence of association in European populations. In our studies drawn from East Asian populations, a polygenic risk score based on the 25 loci had a stronger association in never-smokers vs. individuals with a history of smoking (Pinteraction = 0.0058). These findings provide new insights into the etiology of lung adenocarcinoma in individuals from East Asian populations, which could be important in developing translational applications
Genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma in East Asia and comparison with a European population
Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer. Known risk variants explain only a small fraction of lung adenocarcinoma heritability. Here, we conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of lung adenocarcinoma of East Asian ancestry (21,658 cases and 150,676 controls; 54.5% never-smokers) and identified 12 novel susceptibility variants, bringing the total number to 28 at 25 independent loci. Transcriptome-wide association analyses together with colocalization studies using a Taiwanese lung expression quantitative trait loci dataset (n = 115) identified novel candidate genes, including FADS1 at 11q12 and ELF5 at 11p13. In a multi-ancestry meta-analysis of East Asian and European studies, four loci were identified at 2p11, 4q32, 16q23, and 18q12. At the same time, most of our findings in East Asian populations showed no evidence of association in European populations. In our studies drawn from East Asian populations, a polygenic risk score based on the 25 loci had a stronger association in never-smokers vs. individuals with a history of smoking (P interaction = 0.0058). These findings provide new insights into the etiology of lung adenocarcinoma in individuals from East Asian populations, which could be important in developing translational applications
The Compact City Form : Case Study of Shenzhen
The Compact city is becoming a popular urban development form used frequently in planning literature around the world, especially in Europe. In this paper, we analyze different views upon the compact city concept from different scholars and planners. According to this literature, we consider that the compact city can be characterized by high density in settlements and activities, multiple land use and an efficient public transport system. In the empirical part, we analyze why and how the city of Amsterdam has been implementing the compact city strategy, seen as a forerunner in this area, so that we can learn some experience from it. In our case of the Chinese metropolitan city – Shenzhen, we go through its planning phases from the emerging phase in 1979 to polycentric phase in 2007, and analyze its current challenges, such as lack of land resource, unbalanced development and car-oriented situation. Then we consider that the “decentralized concentration” model is a suitable way to apply the compact city idea in future urban planning. In order to achieve the main factors of compact city form, urban regeneration should be carried out within the existing urban area. Other complementary measures that we propose are improving public transport system and encouraging cycling
The Compact City Form : Case Study of Shenzhen
The Compact city is becoming a popular urban development form used frequently in planning literature around the world, especially in Europe. In this paper, we analyze different views upon the compact city concept from different scholars and planners. According to this literature, we consider that the compact city can be characterized by high density in settlements and activities, multiple land use and an efficient public transport system. In the empirical part, we analyze why and how the city of Amsterdam has been implementing the compact city strategy, seen as a forerunner in this area, so that we can learn some experience from it. In our case of the Chinese metropolitan city – Shenzhen, we go through its planning phases from the emerging phase in 1979 to polycentric phase in 2007, and analyze its current challenges, such as lack of land resource, unbalanced development and car-oriented situation. Then we consider that the “decentralized concentration” model is a suitable way to apply the compact city idea in future urban planning. In order to achieve the main factors of compact city form, urban regeneration should be carried out within the existing urban area. Other complementary measures that we propose are improving public transport system and encouraging cycling
Coherent Microscopic Picture for Urea-Induced Denaturation of Proteins
In a previous study, we explored the mechanism of urea-induced
denaturation of proteins by performing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations
of hen lysozyme in 8 M urea and supported the “direct interaction
mechanism” whereby urea denatures protein via dispersion interaction
(Hua, L.; Zhou, R. H.; Thirumalai, D.; Berne, B. J. <i>Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.</i> <b>2008</b>, <i>105</i>, 16928). Here we perform large scale MD simulations of five representative
protein/peptide systems in aqueous urea to investigate if the above
mechanism is common to other proteins. In all cases, accumulations
of urea around proteins/peptide are observed, suggesting that urea
denatures proteins by directly attacking protein backbones and side
chains rather than indirectly disrupting water structure as a “water
breaker”. Consistent with our previous case study of lysozyme,
the current energetic analyses with five protein/peptide systems reveal
that urea’s preferential binding to proteins mainly comes from
urea’s stronger dispersion interactions with proteins than
with bulk solution, whereas the electrostatic (hydrogen-bonded) interactions
only play a relatively minor (even negative) role during this denaturation
process. Furthermore, the simulations of the peptide system at different
urea concentrations (8 and 4.5 M), and with different force fields
(CHARMM and OPLSAA) suggest that the above mechanism is robust, independent
of the urea concentration and force field used. Last, we emphasize
the importance of periodic boundary conditions in pairwise energetic
analyses. This article provides a comprehensive study on the physical
mechanism of urea-induced protein denaturation and suggests that the
“dispersion-interaction-driven” mechanism should be
general