815 research outputs found
Regular vs. classical M\"obius transformations of the quaternionic unit ball
The regular fractional transformations of the extended quaternionic space
have been recently introduced as variants of the classical linear fractional
transformations. These variants have the advantage of being included in the
class of slice regular functions, introduced by Gentili and Struppa in 2006, so
that they can be studied with the useful tools available in this theory. We
first consider their general properties, then focus on the regular M\"obius
transformations of the quaternionic unit ball B, comparing the latter with
their classical analogs. In particular we study the relation between the
regular M\"obius transformations and the Poincar\'e metric of B, which is
preserved by the classical M\"obius transformations. Furthermore, we announce a
result that is a quaternionic analog of the Schwarz-Pick lemma.Comment: 14 page
Solar and Heliospheric Physics with the Square Kilometre Array
The fields of solar radiophysics and solar system radio physics, or radio
heliophysics, will benefit immensely from an instrument with the capabilities
projected for SKA. Potential applications include interplanetary scintillation
(IPS), radio-burst tracking, and solar spectral radio imaging with a superior
sensitivity. These will provide breakthrough new insights and results in topics
of fundamental importance, such as the physics of impulsive energy releases,
magnetohydrodynamic oscillations and turbulence, the dynamics of post-eruptive
processes, energetic particle acceleration, the structure of the solar wind and
the development and evolution of solar wind transients at distances up to and
beyond the orbit of the Earth. The combination of the high spectral, time and
spatial resolution and the unprecedented sensitivity of the SKA will radically
advance our understanding of basic physical processes operating in solar and
heliospheric plasmas and provide a solid foundation for the forecasting of
space weather events.Comment: 15 pages, Proceedings of Advancing Astrophysics with the Square
Kilometre Array (AASKA14). 9 -13 June, 2014. Giardini Naxos, Italy. Online at
http://pos.sissa.it/cgi-bin/reader/conf.cgi?confid=215, id.16
Tanaka Theorem for Inelastic Maxwell Models
We show that the Euclidean Wasserstein distance is contractive for inelastic
homogeneous Boltzmann kinetic equations in the Maxwellian approximation and its
associated Kac-like caricature. This property is as a generalization of the
Tanaka theorem to inelastic interactions. Consequences are drawn on the
asymptotic behavior of solutions in terms only of the Euclidean Wasserstein
distance
On Proper Polynomial Maps of
Two proper polynomial maps are said to be \emph{equivalent} if there exist such that .
We investigate proper polynomial maps of arbitrary topological degree up to equivalence. Under the further assumption that the maps are Galois
coverings we also provide the complete description of equivalence classes. This
widely extends previous results obtained by Lamy in the case .Comment: 15 pages. Final version, to appear in Journal of Geometric Analysi
The Scintillating Tail of Comet C/2020 F3 (Neowise)
Context. The occultation of a radio source by the plasma tail of a comet can
be used to probe structure and dynamics in the tail. Such occultations are
rare, and the occurrence of scintillation, due to small-scale density
variations in the tail, remains somewhat controversial. Aims. A detailed
observation taken with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) of a serendipitous
occultation of the compact radio source 3C196 by the plasma tail of comet
C/2020 F3 (Neowise) is presented. 3C196 tracked almost perpendicularly behind
the tail, providing a unique profile cut only a short distance downstream from
the cometary nucleus itself. Methods. Interplanetary scintillation (IPS) is
observed as the rapid variation of the intensity received of a compact radio
source due to density variations in the solar wind. IPS in the signal received
from 3C196 was observed for five hours, covering the full transit behind the
plasma tail of comet C/2020 F3 (Neowise) on 16 July 2020, and allowing an
assessment of the solar wind in which the comet and its tail are embedded.
Results. The results reveal a sudden and strong enhancement in scintillation
which is unequivocally attributable to the plasma tail. The strongest
scintillation is associated with the tail boundaries, weaker scintillation is
seen within the tail, and previously-unreported periodic variations in
scintillation are noted, possibly associated with individual filaments of
plasma. Furthermore, contributions from the solar wind and comet tail are
separated to measure a sharp decrease in the velocity of material within the
tail, suggesting a steep velocity shear resulting in strong turbulence along
the tail boundaryComment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 8 pages, 9
figure
LOFAR observations of the quiet solar corona
The quiet solar corona emits meter-wave thermal bremsstrahlung. Coronal radio
emission can only propagate above that radius, , where the local
plasma frequency eqals the observing frequency. The radio interferometer LOw
Frequency ARray (LOFAR) observes in its low band (10 -- 90 MHz) solar radio
emission originating from the middle and upper corona. We present the first
solar aperture synthesis imaging observations in the low band of LOFAR in 12
frequencies each separated by 5 MHz. From each of these radio maps we infer
, and a scale height temperature, . These results can be combined
into coronal density and temperature profiles. We derived radial intensity
profiles from the radio images. We focus on polar directions with simpler,
radial magnetic field structure. Intensity profiles were modeled by ray-tracing
simulations, following wave paths through the refractive solar corona, and
including free-free emission and absorption. We fitted model profiles to
observations with and as fitting parameters. In the low corona,
solar radii, we find high scale height temperatures up to
2.2e6 K, much more than the brightness temperatures usually found there. But if
all values are combined into a density profile, this profile can be
fitted by a hydrostatic model with the same temperature, thereby confirming
this with two independent methods. The density profile deviates from the
hydrostatic model above 1.5 solar radii, indicating the transition into the
solar wind. These results demonstrate what information can be gleaned from
solar low-frequency radio images. The scale height temperatures we find are not
only higher than brightness temperatures, but also than temperatures derived
from coronograph or EUV data. Future observations will provide continuous
frequency coverage, eliminating the need for local hydrostatic density models
LOFAR tied-array imaging and spectroscopy of solar S bursts
Context. The Sun is an active source of radio emission that is often associated with energetic phenomena ranging from nanoflares to coronal mass ejections (CMEs). At low radio frequencies (<100 MHz), numerous millisecond duration radio bursts have been reported, such as radio spikes or solar S bursts (where S stands for short). To date, these have neither been studied extensively nor imaged because of the instrumental limitations of previous radio telescopes.
Aims. Here, LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) observations were used to study the spectral and spatial characteristics of a multitude of S bursts, as well as their origin and possible emission mechanisms.
Methods. We used 170 simultaneous tied-array beams for spectroscopy and imaging of S bursts. Since S bursts have short timescales and fine frequency structures, high cadence (~50 ms) tied-array images were used instead of standard interferometric imaging, that is currently limited to one image per second.
Results. On 9 July 2013, over 3000 S bursts were observed over a time period of ~8 h. S bursts were found to appear as groups of short-lived (<1 s) and narrow-bandwidth (~2.5 MHz) features, the majority drifting at ~3.5 MHzâs-1 and a wide range of circular polarisation degrees (2â8 times more polarised than the accompanying Type III bursts). Extrapolation of the photospheric magnetic field using the potential field source surface (PFSS) model suggests that S bursts are associated with a trans-equatorial loop system that connects an active region in the southern hemisphere to a bipolar region of plage in the northern hemisphere.
Conclusions. We have identified polarised, short-lived solar radio bursts that have never been imaged before. They are observed at a height and frequency range where plasma emission is the dominant emission mechanism, however, they possess some of the characteristics of electron-cyclotron maser emission
Assessment of ventricular function with first-pass radionuclide angiography using technetium 99m hexakis-2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile: a European multicentre study.
Electronic and structural properties of superconducting MgB, CaSi and related compounds
We report a detailed study of the electronic and structural properties of the
39K superconductor \mgbtwo and of several related systems of the same family,
namely \mgalbtwo, \bebtwo, \casitwo and \cabesi. Our calculations, which
include zone-center phonon frequencies and transport properties, are performed
within the local density approximation to the density functional theory, using
the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) and the
norm-conserving pseudopotential methods. Our results indicate essentially
three-dimensional properties for these compounds; however, strongly
two-dimensional -bonding bands contribute significantly at the Fermi
level. Similarities and differences between \mgbtwo and \bebtwo (whose
superconducting properties have not been yet investigated) are analyzed in
detail. Our calculations for \mgalbtwo show that metal substitution cannot be
fully described in a rigid band model. \casitwo is studied as a function of
pressure, and Be substitution in the Si planes leads to a stable compound
similar in many aspects to diborides.Comment: Revised version, Phys.Rev.B in pres
LOFAR tied-array imaging of Type III solar radio bursts
Context. The Sun is an active source of radio emission which is often associated with energetic phenomena such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). At low radio frequencies (< 100 MHz), the Sun has not been imaged extensively because of
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