The Thirty Years\u27 War: Europe\u27s Tragedy

The article reviews the book The Thirty Years\u27 War: Europe\u27s Tragedy, by Peter H. Wilson. Full text available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/669393

An Examination of Systematic Screenings in a Rural Elementary School: Initial Lessons Learned

In this study, Student Risk Screening Scale - Internalizing Externalizing (SRSS-IE; Lane, Oakes, Harris, et al., 2012) scores were examined to assess changes in student behavioral performance over time. A rural elementary school in a Midwestern state administered the SRSS-IE during the winter 2012 and spring 2013 within the context of a multi-tiered prevention model. This study investigated the initial overall levels of student risk, shifts in student risk, and the magnitude of relation between the SRSS-IE and its subscale scores to office discipline referrals (ODRs) earned throughout the school year. Results revealed the SRSS-IE scores were highly stable over time and relations found between the SRSS-I5 subscale scores and ODRs (r = 0.06, -0.00) were not statistically significant. Limitations, future directions, and implications for the findings related to these research objectives are discussed

Preface: Workshop on Pesticide Exposure Assessment Paradigm for Non-\u3ci\u3eApis\u3c/i\u3e Bees

Since the mid-2000s, increased annual losses of honey bee (Apis mellifera L., Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies and declines in some species of non-Apis bees have been reported (Biesmeijer et al. 2006, NRC 2007). These losses, particularly with respect to honey bees, have been associated with multiple factors including pesticides, pathogens (viruses, fungi, bacteria), pests (primarily the parasitic mite Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman [Arachnida: Parasitiformes: Varroidae]), poor nutrition, and bee management practices acting in combination (vanEngelsdorp et al. 2008, 2009; Ratnieks et al. 2010). Because of the role that bees play in providing pollination services to natural and agricultural-based ecosystems, efforts are underway to understand and mitigate factors associated with global declines (IPBES 2016). With respect to the potential role that pesticides may be playing in these declines, regulatory authorities across the continents have collaborated with a range of stakeholders to develop effective means of estimating the risk to bees that is associated with exposure to pesticides

The Elite and Popular Foundations of German Catholicism in the Age of Confessionalism: The Reichskirche.

The political, institutional, and religious particularism of the German church reinforced the loyalty of the population, to local religious traditions. This gave German Catholicism a local emphasis and hindered the imposition of reformed Catholicism, which sought to homogenize, centralize, and internationalize the church. While early modern German Catholicism was certainly conservative, it was not rigidly traditional. Religious change occurred in these centuries and it came out of the interaction between the local population, local institutions like the chapters and monasteries, the parish clergy, and reforming churchmen.[70] The role of chapters and monasteries was not insignificant in this process. Canons and monks, whose daily lives were taken up with religious practices that owed much more to medieval Christian traditions than to the reforms of the Council of Trent, undoubtedly sympathized with and participated in the religion of the people. In the context of the Holy Roman Empire, manyGerman church institutions fought to preserve their own particular privileges and traditions, which gave them little inclination to destroy the local religion of their subjects. Localism and particularism thus became a valued hallmark of German Catholicism, as much among the Catholic elite as among the people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR