Concentration in Knowledge Output:A Case of Economics Journals

Journals moderate knowledge activity in economics. The activity of publishing article in professional journal forms significant part of knowledge output. Output of economics articles has been growing over the time. We examine an important question: Is there any case of institutional or location concentration in knowledge production? This paper analyses concentration indicators specific to economics journals and explores link between publication process and concentration. The analysis of various concentration measures present evidence for institutional-geographic-area-author concentration in Knowledge production in Economics. High concentration levels indicate possibility of institutional lock-in. The literature provides evidence for myopic refereeing, editorial favouritism and the presence of ‘lock-in’ effect. The achievement in journal publication is influenced by factors like institutional affiliation, propitious circumstances etc. Discussion carried out in this paper hints the possibility of causal link between unfair process and unfair outcome.Knowledge,Lotka's Law,Fourier Series

Morphological filtering on hypergraphs

The focus of this article is to develop computationally efficient mathematical morphology operators on hypergraphs. To this aim we consider lattice structures on hypergraphs on which we build morphological operators. We develop a pair of dual adjunctions between the vertex set and the hyper edge set of a hypergraph H, by defining a vertex-hyperedge correspondence. This allows us to recover the classical notion of a dilation/erosion of a subset of vertices and to extend it to subhypergraphs of H. Afterward, we propose several new openings, closings, granulometries and alternate sequential filters acting (i) on the subsets of the vertex and hyperedge set of H and (ii) on the subhypergraphs of a hypergraph

Diagnostic value of duplex ultrasound and liquid crystal contact thermography in preclinical detection of deep vein thrombosis after proximal femur fractures

During a prospective clinical study the diagnostic value of the two non-invasive examinations colour-coded duplex ultrasound (Duplex) and fluid crystal contact thermography (LCCT) was investigated in relation to phlebography, the standard examination for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), in 112 patients with proximal femur fractures. In 19% of the patients, DVT was diagnosed by phlebography, with the main localisation in the lower leg in 19 of 21 (90%) thromboses. With a negative prediction value of 83%, Duplex is less suitable than LCCT under such difficult examination conditions as the early postoperative period. The specificity of Duplex is 95%, but the sensitivity only 18%. The specificity of LCCT is 85% and the sensitivity 75%. Considering the frequency of postoperative DVT after surgery on the legs, especially hip surgery, a postoperative screening for DVT should become mandatory. LCCT has proved to be a suitable, cheap, non-invasive examination with a negative prediction value of 94

Exact time correlation functions for N classical Heisenberg spins in the `squashed' equivalent neighbor model

We present exact integral representations of the time-dependent spin-spin correlation functions for the classical Heisenberg N-spin `squashed' equivalent neighbor model, in which one spin is coupled via the Heisenberg exchange interaction with strength $J_1$ to the other N-1 spins, each of which is coupled via the Heisenberg exchange coupling with strength $J_2$ to the remaining N-2 spins. At low temperature T we find that the N spins oscillate in four modes, one of which is a central peak for a semi-infinite range of the values of the exchange coupling ratio. For the N=4 case of four spins on a squashed tetrahedron, detailed numerical evaluations of these results are presented. As $T\to\infty$, we calculate exactly the long-time asymptotic behavior of the correlation functions for arbitrary N, and compare our results with those obtained for three spins on an isosceles triangle.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Effectiveness of back strengthening exercises on low back pain among post menopausal women in selected village, Kanayakumari District

A Quasi experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of back strengthening exercises on low back pain among post menopausal women in selected villages, Kanayakumari district. The quasi experimental pre-test post-test control group design was adopted and the post menopausal women from Arasakulam village (study group) and Vizhunthayambalam village (control group) were chosen for the study. 60 samples were selected by purposive sampling technique. The level of low back pain was assessed by using modified Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire. Back strengthening exercise was administered for Study group. Post test done on fourth week of the data collection period. The data gathered were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical method and interpretations were made on the basis of the objectives of the study. During pretest, in Study group none of them had minimal low back pain, 9(30%) had moderate low back pain, 16(53.33%) had severe low back pain, 5(16.66%) had crippled low back pain and none of them had bed bound. In Control group, none of them had minimal low back pain, 10 (33.33%) had moderate low back pain, 17(56.66%) had severe low back pain 3(10%) with crippled low back pain, none of them with bedbound. During post test, in Study group 19(63.33%) had minimal low back pain, 7(23.33%) had moderate low back pain, 2(6.66%) had severe low back pain and 26.66%) had crippled low back pain. In Control group, none of them had minimal low back pain, 10(33.33%) had moderate low back pain, 17(56.66%) with severe low back pain, and 3(10%) crippled low back pain. The mean score on level of low back pain among post menopausal women in Study group were 49.93 in pre test and 19.73 in post test respectively. The paired ‘t’ value for low back pain were 10.74* which is significant at p 0.05 level. Hence hypothesis H3 is not accepted

Magnetic long-range order induced by quantum relaxation in single-molecule magnets

Can magnetic interactions between single-molecule magnets (SMMs) in a crystal establish long-range magnetic order at low temperatures deep in the quantum regime, where the only electron spin-fluctuations are due to incoherent magnetic quantum tunneling (MQT)? Put inversely: can MQT provide the temperature dependent fluctuations needed to destroy the ordered state above some finite Tc, although it should basically itself be a T-independent process? Our experiments on two novel Mn4 SMMs provide a positive answer to the above, showing at the same time that MQT in the SMMs has to involve spin-lattice coupling at a relaxation rate equaling that predicted and observed recently for nuclear spin-mediated quantum relaxation.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Local perceptions and traditional methods for Carapa procera oil production in Mali

Carapa procera is a wild oil tree species traditionally exploited in Mali for seed oil. Carapa oil is highly sought because of therapeutic, cosmetic, insecticidal and repellent properties. The purpose of this work was to contribute to the understanding of local practices in C. procera oil production and local perceptions related thereto. The method used was based on surveys in four production localities and tests of oil production according to the traditional processes practiced by the processors. Two methods of seed storage and oil extraction processes were identified. Women were the main actors in seed collection and oil processing. The average oil extraction efficiency from the seeds was 23.1% and varied among sites. The wet extraction process was the most efficient. In addition to socio-cultural considerations, difficulties related to technology (lack of adequate extraction equipment) and the decrease of carapa populations limit the full development of processing activities. It is necessary to undertake options to improve traditional oil production processes such as education and introduction of shea presses in order to reduce labour intensity, improve efficiency and ensure quality standards. It also requires action for the sustainable management and conservation of the carapa species.Carapa procera est une espèce ligneuse oléagineuse naturelle traditionnellement exploitée au Mali pour l'huile des graines. L'huile de carapa est très recherchée pour ses propriétés thérapeutiques, cosmétiques, insecticides et répulsives. L'objectif de ce travail était de contribuer à la compréhension des pratiques locales en matière de production d'huile de C. procera et des perceptions locales y afférentes. La méthode utilisée a été basée sur des enquêtes dans quatre localités de production et la réalisation des tests de production d'huile selon les procédés traditionnels pratiqués par les transformatrices. Deux méthodes de conservation des noix de Carapa et d'extraction de l'huile ont été identifiées. Les femmes sont les principales actrices de la collecte des noix et de la production de l'huile. Le rendement moyen d'extraction de l'huile des graines a été de 23,1 % et a varié entre les sites. Le procédé d'extraction de l’huile par voie humide a été le plus efficace. Outre les considérations socioculturelles, les difficultés liées à la technologie (manque d'équipements d'extraction adéquats) et la diminution des populations de Carapa limitent le plein développement des activités de transformation. Il est nécessaire de développer des options pour améliorer les processus traditionnels de production de l'huile comme la formation et l'introduction de presses à karité afin de réduire l'intensité de travail, améliorer l'efficacité et garantir des normes de qualité. Cela implique également une action pour la gestion durable et la conservation de l'espèce Carapa

Genome-Wide Transcript Profiling Reveals Novel Breast Cancer-Associated Intronic Sense RNAs

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play major roles in development and cancer progression. To identify novel ncRNAs that may identify key pathways in breast cancer development, we performed high-throughput transcript profiling of tumor and normal matched-pair tissue samples. Initial transcriptome profiling using high-density genome-wide tiling arrays revealed changes in over 200 novel candidate genomic regions that map to intronic regions. Sixteen genomic loci were identified that map to the long introns of five key protein-coding genes, CRIM1, EPAS1, ZEB2, RBMS1, and RFX2. Consistent with the known role of the tumor suppressor ZEB2 in the cancer-associated epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), in situ hybridization reveals that the intronic regions deriving from ZEB2 as well as those from RFX2 and EPAS1 are down-regulated in cells of epithelial morphology, suggesting that these regions may be important for maintaining normal epithelial cell morphology. Paired-end deep sequencing analysis reveals a large number of distinct genomic clusters with no coding potential within the introns of these genes. These novel transcripts are only transcribed from the coding strand. A comprehensive search for breast cancer associated genes reveals enrichment for transcribed intronic regions from these loci, pointing to an underappreciated role of introns or mechanisms relating to their biology in EMT and breast cancer