L’agenciarisation de la politique d’immigration et d’asile face aux enjeux de la « crise des réfugiés » en Méditerranée

Sous l’effet de la combinaison inédite de facteurs politiques, économiques et sociaux, la Méditerranée est de ces lieux où l’histoire s’est, au cours des dernières décennies, emballée. C’est dans ce contexte que la « mer du milieu » est devenue l’épicentre de ce que l’on désigne par la formule très approximative de « crise des migrants ». Ces mouvements telluriques n’en sont probablement qu’à leurs prémices. La force d’évocation négative du syntagme suffit pourtant à éclairer la mise en tension de l’Union et des États qui la constituent. Confrontée à un défi dont on mesure qu’il met à l’épreuve l’unité même de l’Union, celle-ci a fait le choix, somme toute classique, de la novation institutionnelle. Pour anticiper, canaliser et gérer ces flux humains, elle s’est dotée en 2004 de Frontex, devenue l’Agence européenne de gardes-frontières et gardes-côtes. Cette évolution est la déclinaison dans le domaine migratoire d’une dynamique dont l’objet est de moderniser l’action publique afin d’en renforcer, dit-on, l’efficacité. On entre ainsi dans un monde où la qualité des institutions s’apprécie à l’aune de leur « performance » sans être certain que leur aptitude à respecter les droits fondamentaux compte au nombre des indicateurs pertinents. Au fond, la question est posée de savoir si l’Union est parvenue à trouver un point d’équilibre acceptable par l’ensemble de ses membres entre les impératifs de sauvegarde inhérents à sa qualité même d’espace démocratique et l’attractivité d’un éden que les damnés de la terre sont prêts à rejoindre quoi qu’il en coûte. S’affranchissant des analyses exclusivement disciplinaires, cet ouvrage nous fait pénétrer au cœur des contradictions qui minent le processus d’agenciarisation appréhendé au prisme de la « crise des migrants en Méditerranée »

Postattenuation neurologic signs after surgical attenuation of congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs:A review

The development of postattenuation neurologic signs (PANS) is a poorly understood and potentially devastating complication after surgical attenuation of congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs. Postattenuation neurologic signs include seizures but also more subtle neurologic signs such as depression, behavioral changes, tremors, and twitching. They most commonly occur within 7 days postoperatively and are typically unrelated to hyperammonemia, hypoglycemia, or electrolyte disturbances. This narrative review summarizes the findings of 50 publications from 1988-2020 that report occurrence of PANS. While most published reports included only dogs affected by postattenuation seizures (PAS), others included dogs with any form of PANS. Overall, PANS (including PAS) affected 1.6%-27.3% of dogs, whereas incidence of PAS ranged from 0%-18.2%. The etiology of PANS remains unknown; however, several theories have been proposed. Risk factors include preoperative hepatic encephalopathy, increasing age, and possibly certain breeds and extrahepatic shunt morphology. There is increasing evidence that prophylactic antiepileptic drugs do not prevent PANS. Treatment is centered around controlling neurologic signs with antiepileptic drugs and providing supportive intensive care. The 30-day survival rate in studies that included a minimum of four dogs affected by PANS was 0%-100% (median, 50.0%) and 0%-75.0% (median, 37.5%) for those with PAS. Mortality associated with PANS was typically related to occurrence of generalized seizure activity. Prognostic factors positively associated with short-term survival included having a history of preoperative seizures and development of focal seizures only. If affected dogs survived to discharge, survival for several years was possible, and the majority of neurologic signs manifested as part of the phenomenon of PANS appeared to resolve

Circadian variability patterns predict and guide premature ventricular contraction ablation procedural inducibility and outcomes

Background Infrequent intraprocedural premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) may impede radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) outcome, and pharmacologic induction is unpredictable. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether PVC circadian variation could help predict drug response. Methods Consecutive patients referred for RFA with detailed Holter monitoring and frequent monomorphic PVCs were included. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on hourly PVC count relationship to corresponding mean heart rate (HR) during each of the 24 hours on Holter: fast-HR-dependent PVC (F-HR-PVC) type for a positive correlation (Pearson, P <.05), slow-HR-dependent PVC (S-HR-PVC) type for a negative correlation, and independent-HR-PVC (I-HR-PVC) when no correlation was found. Results Fifty-one of the 101 patients (50.5%) had F-HR-PVC, 39.6% I-HR-PVC, and 9.9% S-HR-PVC; 30.7% had infrequent intraprocedural PVC requiring drug infusion. The best predictor of infrequent PVC was number of hours with PVC count <120/h on Holter (area under the curve 0.80, sensitivity 83.9%, specificity 74.3%, for ≥2 h). Only F-HR-PVC patients responded to isoproterenol. Isoproterenol washout or phenylephrine infusion was successful for the 3 S-HR-PVC patients, and no drug could increase PVC frequency in the 12 I-HR-PVC patients. Long-term RFA success rate in patients with frequent PVCs at baseline (82.9%) was similar to those with infrequent PVC who responded to a drug (77.8%; P = .732) but significantly higher than for those who did not respond to any drug (15.4%; P <.0001). Conclusion A simple analysis of Holter PVC circadian variability provides incremental value to guide pharmacologic induction of PVCs during RFA and predict outcome. Patients with infrequent I-HR-PVC had the least successful outcomes from RF ablation

Prognostic factors for short‐term survival of dogs that experience postattenuation seizures after surgical correction of single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts: 93 cases (2005‐2018)

© 2020 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons Objective: To identify prognostic factors for short-term survival of dogs that experience seizures within 7 days after surgical correction of single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (cEHPSS). Study design: Multi-institutional retrospective study. Sample population: Ninety-three client-owned dogs. Methods: Medical records at 14 veterinary institutions were reviewed to identify dogs that underwent surgical attenuation of a single cEHPSS from January 1, 2005 through February 28, 2018 and experienced postattenuation seizures (PAS) within 7 days postoperatively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with 1-month survival. Factors investigated included participating institution, signalment, shunt morphology, concurrent/historical conditions, presence of preoperative neurologic signs, presence of preoperative seizures, aspects of preoperative medical management, surgical details including method and degree of shunt attenuation, type of PAS (focal only or generalized ± focal), drugs administered as part of the treatment of PAS, and development of complications during treatment of PAS. Results: Thirty (32.3%) dogs survived to 30 days. Seventy-six (81.7%) dogs experienced generalized PAS. Factors positively associated with short-term survival included having a history of preoperative seizures (P =.004) and development of focal PAS only (P =.0003). Most nonsurvivors were humanely euthanized because of uncontrolled or recurrent seizures. Conclusion: Dogs that experienced PAS that had a history of preoperative seizures and those that experienced focal PAS only had significantly improved short-term survival. Clinical significance: The results of this study provide information that will help in the counseling of owners who seek treatment for PAS after surgical correction of cEHPSS. © 2020 The American College of Veterinary Surgeons

Jacqueline Morand-Deviller, « Le droit de l'environnement », coll. « Que-sais je ? », 2003

Billet Philippe. Jacqueline Morand-Deviller, « Le droit de l'environnement », coll. « Que-sais je ? », 2003. In: Revue Juridique de l'Environnement, n°2, 2005. pp. 245-246

Protection des sites et monuments

Billet Philippe. Protection des sites et monuments. In: Revue Juridique de l'Environnement, n°2, 1999. pp. 280-291

Zone d'assainissement collectif et obligation d'extension du réseau en vue du raccordement (obs. ss. CE, 24 nov. 2017, n° 396046)

National audienc

Les juges administratifs européens et le principe de précaution : l’exemple suisse

International audienc