INTEGRATION OF TRADITIONAL AND FOLK KNOWLEDGE WITH CURRENT EDUCATION SYSTEM: INDIANIZING EDUCATION SYSTEM AND REGAINING THE STATUS OF VISHWA-GURU

Indian education became westernized owing the implementation of Macaulay’s Minutes on Education 1835. Gradually, not only English was taught as a language and also the medium of instruction but western literature, science and technology etc. was also taught; totally bypassing the Indian languages, science, technology and culture etc. English education instilled in young minds a western worldview even to look at their indigenous knowledge and education system. Consequently, the grand tradition of teaching-learning, science and innovation was offshored from the education system. Now, National Educational Policy (2020) recommends the integration of traditional and folk knowledge into the current education with a target to meet the contemporary global demand and simultaneously Indianization of education and knowledge system in the country.  Therefore, in the backdrop of modernization, its synchronization into a global village, locating Indian cultural heritage and gyan prampara, the objective of this paper is to investigate if the Indianization of education and knowledge system, through the integration of Indian traditional and folk knowledge, can be f\more meaningful, fruitful and useful than the western education system and a great bridge to make Indian students proud of India’s gyan prampara. The study proves that the folk and traditional knowledge is not only scientific, logical, and relevant even today but more practical too which may help future generations learn easily, use that knowledge in the time of need, establish the Indian knowledge system at a global level and restore its gyan prampara and also take pride in India and its Indianness

Comparative Study of Bogart and Popo in V. S. Naipaul’s Miguel Street

V.S. Naipaul has depicted a panoramic gallery in Miguel Street and almost every story of his present work introduces a new character. All of these characters are representative of the Miguel Street in which Naipaul has spent his childhood. He has depicted many characters in Miguel Street but present paper attempts to analyze and assess two pococurante characters Bogart and Popo in V.S. Naipaul’s Miguel Street to compare how these both characters have some similarities and contrast also in their attitudes, temperaments and dealings. Their life decelerates at times and then both of them play a game of hide and seek like children as they periodically disappear somewhere without telling others their whereabouts. They both live in the same street named Miguel Street among many other eccentric, odd, bizarre and funny characters hailing from different cultural roots. Both Bogart and Popo live a hibernated life and have sign boards to show off that they are busy in their respective profession but in fact, neither Bogart stitches the clothes nor Popo does any work in his workshop. They just kill their time in a new cultural environment. Through this paper it has been tried to highlight how Naipaul has portrayed his characters in the environment where they strive for their own identity and space in the third world. Naipaul’s two characters from Miguel Street have been analysed in this paper

Production of phytate-hydrolyzing enzymes by thermophilic moulds

138 isolates of thermophilic/thermotolerant moulds were isolated from soil, straw and compost samples, collected from various regions of India. Among the thermophilic fungal isolates screened for the secretion of phytase (phytate-hydrolyzing enzyme), Sporotrichum thermophile BJTLR50 produced a very high enzyme titre at pH 5.0, 45°C and 250 rpm in 5 days with an inoculum level of 1 × 107 spores per 50 ml medium prepared from 6 days old culture. Glucose and ammonium sulphate supported higher phytase production than other carbon and nitrogen sources. The phytase of S. thermophile was optimally active at pH 5.0 and 60°C. An overall 2-fold improvement in the phytase production was achieved due to optimization.Key words: Phytic acid, phytase, thermophilic moulds, Sporotrichum thermophile, Humicola lanuginosa, submerged fermentation, optimization

Proizvodnja nove endoglukanaze, tolerantne na povišenu temperaturu i povećanu pH-vrijednost, od isplativih poljoprivrednih otpadaka s pomoću novoizoliranog soja Bacillus sp. NZ

Highly alkalitolerant and moderately thermotolerant Bacillus sp. NZ, isolated from degrading lignocellulose, produced a novel highly thermotolerant and alkalitolerant endoglucanase. Maximum activity of endoglucanase was observed in the medium with the initial pH=9 (920 U/L) after 72 h of fermentation with shaking (250 rpm) at 45 °C. Growth of the organism and enzyme production displayed a precise relationship, showing maxima after 72–96 h of fermentation; however, the organism formed maximum biomass at pH=8, but produced the highest enzyme titre at pH=9. Among the examined crude substrates, wheat bran gave maximum activity of endoglucanase (1960–2280 U/L), and was followed by wheat straw (1480–1760 U/L), filter paper (1360–1450 U/L) and sawdust (1160 U/L). Soybean meal served as a suitable nitrogen source for good production of endoglucanase. The enzyme showed activity over a broad pH range (5–10), with maximum at pH=9–10 (2240–2290 U/L). Endoglucanase was highly active (2210–2300 U/L) over a broad range of temperature (50–100 °C), with maximum activity at 50 °C (2290 U/L) and at 90 °C (2300 U/L). Significantly high activity was observed even at 100 °C (91.3 %). The enzyme was highly stable at temperatures from 60 to 90 °C for a period of 30 min. Endoglucanase was purified 23-fold using ammonium sulphate precipitation. Substantial activity and stability of endoglucanase at elevated temperatures and at pH extremes indicate a potential for its successful application in industries.Iz razgrađene lignocelulozne biomase izoliran je soj Bacillus sp. NZ, iznimno tolerantan na povećanje pH-vrijednosti i umjereno otporan na povišenu temperaturu. S pomoću toga soja proizvedena je nova endoglukanaza, čija je aktivnost i nadalje bila velika pri povišenoj temperaturi i povećanoj pH-vrijednosti. Maksimalna aktivnost endoglukanaze od 920 U/L uočena je u podlozi početne pH=9, nakon 72 sata uzgoja na tresilici (250 rpm) pri 45 ºC. Maksimalni rast soja i proizvodnja enzima postignuti su nakon 72-96 h uzgoja. Iako je najviši titar u enzimskom testu bio pri pH=9, maksimalna je količina biomase proizvedena pri pH=8. Najveća je aktivnost endoglukanaze (1960-2280 U/L) ostvarena primjenom podloge od pšeničnih mekinja, zatim slame žitarica (1480-1760 U/L), filtrirnog papira (1360-1450 U/L) i piljevine (1160 U/L). Sojina je sačma bila prikladan izvor dušika za uspješnu proizvodnju endoglukanaze. Enzimska je aktivnost bila od 2210 do 2300 U/L u širokom rasponu pH-vrijednosti (5-10), a najveća pri pH=9-10 (2240-2290 U/L), te pri velikom temperaturnom rasponu (50-100 ºC). Maksimalna aktivnost enzima postignuta je na 50 (2290 U/L) i 90 ºC (2300 U/L), a bila je velika čak i pri 100 ºC (91,3 %). Enzim je pokazao dobru stabilnost tijekom 30 min na temperaturama od 60 do 90 ºC. Pročišćen je 23 puta pomoću taloga amonijeva sulfata. Značajna aktivnost i stabilnost endoglukanaze pri povišenim temperaturama i povećanoj pH-vrijednosti omogućuje njezinu uspješnu primjenu u industriji

Cholesterol lowering and antioxidant potential of probiotic bacteria isolated from locally fermented milk product kalarei

Probiotics due to their multifaceted health promoting attributes have gained immense research impetus in recent years. The current study reports the hypocholesterolemic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from indigenous sources. LAB may use several mechanisms for lowering serum cholesterol level viz. cholesterol assimilation, bile salt deconjugation, and cholesterol adsorption on cell surface of live, resting and dead probiotic cells. Cholesterol lowering is generally a strain dependent phenomenon, and different LAB isolates exhibited varying level of hypocholesterolemic effects. Among the LAB isolates, K2 i.e. Enterococcus faecalis K2 showed the highest in vitro cholesterol lowering ability (82.32%), and strong bile salt deconjugation potential, and released about 128.43 µM/mL of cholic acid upon bile salt deconjugation. Furthermore, cholesterol removal by live, resting and dead E. faecalis K2 probiotic cells was shown to the extent of 72.46, 44.93, and 45.88%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy displayed appreciable adherence of cholesterol on to the cellular surfaces of E. faecalis K2 cells. The antioxidant potential of the cell free cultural fluid of LAB isolates was quite variable. LAB isolate E. faecalis K2 showed appreciable DPPH radical scavenging activity (37.36%), hydroxyl radical scavenging ability (26.35%), and superoxide radical scavenging ability (42.67%). Most of the LAB probiotic isolates were susceptible to conventionally used antibiotics, and lacked biogenic amine producing ability and haemolytic activity. The probiotic isolate E. faecalis K2 may have potential for application for management of hypercholesterolemia related coronary heart diseases, however, after thorough in vivo investigation

Cholesterol lowering and antioxidant potential of probiotic bacteria isolated from locally fermented milk product kalarei

363-372Probiotics due to their multifaceted health promoting attributes have gained immense research impetus in recent years. The current study reports the hypocholesterolemic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from indigenous sources. LAB may use several mechanisms for lowering serum cholesterol level viz. cholesterol assimilation, bile salt deconjugation, and cholesterol adsorption on cell surface of live, resting and dead probiotic cells. Cholesterol lowering is generally a strain dependent phenomenon, and different LAB isolates exhibited varying level of hypocholesterolemic effects. Among the LAB isolates, K2 i.e. Enterococcus faecalis K2 showed the highest in vitro cholesterol lowering ability (82.32%), and strong bile salt deconjugation potential, and released about 128.43 µM/mL of cholic acid upon bile salt deconjugation. Furthermore, cholesterol removal by live, resting and dead E. faecalis K2 probiotic cells was shown to the extent of 72.46, 44.93, and 45.88%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy displayed appreciable adherence of cholesterol on to the cellular surfaces of E. faecalis K2 cells. The antioxidant potential of the cell free cultural fluid of LAB isolates was quite variable. LAB isolate E. faecalis K2 showed appreciable DPPH radical scavenging activity (37.36%), hydroxyl radical scavenging ability (26.35%), and superoxide radical scavenging ability (42.67%). Most of the LAB probiotic isolates were susceptible to conventionally used antibiotics, and lacked biogenic amine producing ability and haemolytic activity. The probiotic isolate E. faecalis K2 may have potential for application for management of hypercholesterolemia related coronary heart diseases, however, after thorough in vivo investigation

A comparative study of salivary and serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase in patients with osteoporosis

Background: This study was undertaken to investigate the changes in salivary and serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase in osteoporosis patients. The objective was to compare the change in serum levels with those in saliva.Methods: The study was conducted in the department of biochemistry, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shobha Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Subjects were selected from department of orthopedics, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shobha Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. At the same time one hundred adult osteoporosis patients confirmed by DEXA were taken. Calcium and alkaline phosphatase were measured in serum and saliva of each patient. The data obtained was statistically analyzed.Results: Serum calcium has strong positive correlation with salivary calcium (r=0.726) while serum ALP and salivary ALP had weak positive correlation (r =0.453).Conclusions: Saliva can be used to measure calcium level instead of serum as it is non-invasive, quick and easy method

Cholesterol lowering and antioxidant potential of probiotic bacteria isolated from locally fermented milk product kalarei

363-372Probiotics due to their multifaceted health promoting attributes have gained immense research impetus in recent years. The current study reports the hypocholesterolemic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from indigenous sources. LAB may use several mechanisms for lowering serum cholesterol level viz. cholesterol assimilation, bile salt deconjugation, and cholesterol adsorption on cell surface of live, resting and dead probiotic cells. Cholesterol lowering is generally a strain dependent phenomenon, and different LAB isolates exhibited varying level of hypocholesterolemic effects. Among the LAB isolates, K2 i.e. Enterococcus faecalis K2 showed the highest in vitro cholesterol lowering ability (82.32%), and strong bile salt deconjugation potential, and released about 128.43 µM/mL of cholic acid upon bile salt deconjugation. Furthermore, cholesterol removal by live, resting and dead E. faecalis K2 probiotic cells was shown to the extent of 72.46, 44.93, and 45.88%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy displayed appreciable adherence of cholesterol on to the cellular surfaces of E. faecalis K2 cells. The antioxidant potential of the cell free cultural fluid of LAB isolates was quite variable. LAB isolate E. faecalis K2 showed appreciable DPPH radical scavenging activity (37.36%), hydroxyl radical scavenging ability (26.35%), and superoxide radical scavenging ability (42.67%). Most of the LAB probiotic isolates were susceptible to conventionally used antibiotics, and lacked biogenic amine producing ability and haemolytic activity. The probiotic isolate E. faecalis K2 may have potential for application for management of hypercholesterolemia related coronary heart diseases, however, after thorough in vivo investigation

Proizvodnja nove endoglukanaze, tolerantne na povišenu temperaturu i povećanu pH-vrijednost, od isplativih poljoprivrednih otpadaka s pomoću novoizoliranog soja Bacillus sp. NZ

Highly alkalitolerant and moderately thermotolerant Bacillus sp. NZ, isolated from degrading lignocellulose, produced a novel highly thermotolerant and alkalitolerant endoglucanase. Maximum activity of endoglucanase was observed in the medium with the initial pH=9 (920 U/L) after 72 h of fermentation with shaking (250 rpm) at 45 °C. Growth of the organism and enzyme production displayed a precise relationship, showing maxima after 72–96 h of fermentation; however, the organism formed maximum biomass at pH=8, but produced the highest enzyme titre at pH=9. Among the examined crude substrates, wheat bran gave maximum activity of endoglucanase (1960–2280 U/L), and was followed by wheat straw (1480–1760 U/L), filter paper (1360–1450 U/L) and sawdust (1160 U/L). Soybean meal served as a suitable nitrogen source for good production of endoglucanase. The enzyme showed activity over a broad pH range (5–10), with maximum at pH=9–10 (2240–2290 U/L). Endoglucanase was highly active (2210–2300 U/L) over a broad range of temperature (50–100 °C), with maximum activity at 50 °C (2290 U/L) and at 90 °C (2300 U/L). Significantly high activity was observed even at 100 °C (91.3 %). The enzyme was highly stable at temperatures from 60 to 90 °C for a period of 30 min. Endoglucanase was purified 23-fold using ammonium sulphate precipitation. Substantial activity and stability of endoglucanase at elevated temperatures and at pH extremes indicate a potential for its successful application in industries.Iz razgrađene lignocelulozne biomase izoliran je soj Bacillus sp. NZ, iznimno tolerantan na povećanje pH-vrijednosti i umjereno otporan na povišenu temperaturu. S pomoću toga soja proizvedena je nova endoglukanaza, čija je aktivnost i nadalje bila velika pri povišenoj temperaturi i povećanoj pH-vrijednosti. Maksimalna aktivnost endoglukanaze od 920 U/L uočena je u podlozi početne pH=9, nakon 72 sata uzgoja na tresilici (250 rpm) pri 45 ºC. Maksimalni rast soja i proizvodnja enzima postignuti su nakon 72-96 h uzgoja. Iako je najviši titar u enzimskom testu bio pri pH=9, maksimalna je količina biomase proizvedena pri pH=8. Najveća je aktivnost endoglukanaze (1960-2280 U/L) ostvarena primjenom podloge od pšeničnih mekinja, zatim slame žitarica (1480-1760 U/L), filtrirnog papira (1360-1450 U/L) i piljevine (1160 U/L). Sojina je sačma bila prikladan izvor dušika za uspješnu proizvodnju endoglukanaze. Enzimska je aktivnost bila od 2210 do 2300 U/L u širokom rasponu pH-vrijednosti (5-10), a najveća pri pH=9-10 (2240-2290 U/L), te pri velikom temperaturnom rasponu (50-100 ºC). Maksimalna aktivnost enzima postignuta je na 50 (2290 U/L) i 90 ºC (2300 U/L), a bila je velika čak i pri 100 ºC (91,3 %). Enzim je pokazao dobru stabilnost tijekom 30 min na temperaturama od 60 do 90 ºC. Pročišćen je 23 puta pomoću taloga amonijeva sulfata. Značajna aktivnost i stabilnost endoglukanaze pri povišenim temperaturama i povećanoj pH-vrijednosti omogućuje njezinu uspješnu primjenu u industriji

Improved-Coverage Preserving Clustering Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network

Coverage maintenance for longer period is crucial problem in wireless sensor network (WSNs) due to limited inbuilt battery in sensors. Coverage maintenance can be prolonged by using the network energy efficiently, which can be done by keeping sufficient number of sensors in sensor covers. There has been discussed a Coverage-Preserving Clustering Protocol (CPCP) to increase the network lifetime in clustered WSNs. It selects sensors for various roles such as cluster heads and sensor cover members by considering various coverage aware cost metrics. In this paper, we propose a new heuristic called Improved-Coverage-Preserving Clustering Protocol (I-CPCP) to maximize the total network lifetime. In our proposed method, minimal numbers of sensor are selected to construct a sensor covers based on various coverage aware cost metrics. These cost metrics are evaluated by using residual energy of a sensor and their coverage. The simulation results show that our method has longer network lifetime as compared to generic CPCP