The birthplace and age of the isolated neutron star RX J1856.5-3754

X-ray observations unveiled various types of radio-silent Isolated Neutron Stars (INSs), phenomenologically very diverse, e.g. the Myr old X-ray Dim INS (XDINSs) and the kyr old magnetars. Although their phenomenology is much diverse, the similar periods (P=2--10 s) and magnetic fields (~10^{14} G) suggest that XDINSs are evolved magnetars, possibly born from similar populations of supermassive stars. One way to test this hypothesis is to identify their parental star clusters by extrapolating backward the neutron star velocity vector in the Galactic potential. By using the information on the age and space velocity of the XDINS RX J1856.5-3754, we computed backwards its orbit in the Galactic potential and searched for its parental stellar cluster by means of a closest approach criterion. We found a very likely association with the Upper Scorpius OB association, for a neutron star age of 0.42+/-0.08 Myr, a radial velocity V_r^NS =67+/- 13$ km s^{-1}, and a present-time parallactic distance d_\pi^NS = 123^{+11}_{-15} pc. Our result confirms that the "true" neutron star age is much lower than the spin-down age (tau_{sd}=3.8 Myrs), and is in good agreement with the cooling age, as computed within standard cooling scenarios. The mismatch between the spin-down and the dynamical/cooling age would require either an anomalously large breaking index (n~20) or a decaying magnetic field with initial value B_0 ~ 10^{14} G. Unfortunately, owing to the uncertainty on the age of the Upper Scorpius OB association and the masses of its members we cannot yet draw firm conclusions on the estimated mass of the RX J1856.5-3754 progenitor.Comment: 6 pages, accepted for publication on Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ

Automatic Extraction of Generic House Roofs from High Resolution Aerial Imagery

Denna rapport är en slutredovisning för det Vinnova finansierade utvecklingsprojektet ”Affärsmodell för logistiksystem för överskottslivsmedel - På väg mot en cirkulär ekonomi för matsvinn”. Projektet genomfördes från oktober 2017 till augusti 2018 i samarbete mellan Stockholms Stadsmission, Linköpings universitet och Bring Frigo. Syftet med detta projekt har varit att framta koncept och affärsmodell för ett nationellt logistiksystem för redistribution av funktionellt livsmedelssvinn. Utvecklingen har skett i nära dialog med systemets användare: sociala organisationer, livsmedelsbranschen och transportsektorn. En affärsmodell är en förutsättning för att möjliggöra långsiktig hållbarhet för en storskalig och effektiv lösning för överskottslivsmedel i Sverige. Vi vill rikta ett stort tack till alla de företag och organisationer som under projektets gång bidragit med input och feedback: Aon, Arla, Arvid Nordquist, Atria, Axfood, Bergendahls, Brave Business 2030, Coop, CSCMP, Elvenite, Findus, Food2Change, Frälsningsarmén, GS1, Hela Människan, Know IT, Kronfågel, Lantmännen, Länsförsäkringar, Lidl, Martin & Servera, Menigo, Polar Cape, PostNord, Räddningsmissionen, PwC, Svensk Dagligvaruhandel, Svenska Retursystem, Sveriges Stadsmissioner, Värmestugan Helsingborg och Unilever. Vidare vill vi tacka forskare och examensarbetare vid Linköpings Universitet som medverkat inom ramen för projektet och som bl.a. medverkat vid arbetsmöten, stöttat med kunskap kring uppbyggnad av affärsmodeller, samt hjälpt till i framtagande av olika former av information. Vi vill också tacka anställda inom Stockholms Stadsmission som har bidragit med information och kunskap om befintlig redistribution, kommunikations stöd, inputs på möten och workshops samt praktiskt hjälp i samband med dessa

The metallicity gradients of star-forming regions store information of the assembly history of galaxies

The variations in metallicity and spatial patterns within star-forming regions of galaxies result from diverse physical processes unfolding throughout their evolutionary history, with a particular emphasis on recent events. Analysing MaNGA and EAGLE galaxies, we discovered an additional dependence of the mass–metallicity relation (MZR) on metallicity gradients (∇(O/H)). Two regimes emerged for low- and high-stellar mass galaxies, distinctly separated at approximately M⋆ > 109.75. Low-mass galaxies with strong positive ∇(O/H) appear less enriched than the MZR median, while those with strong negative gradients are consistently more enriched in both simulated and observed samples. Interestingly, low-mass galaxies with strong negative ∇(O/H) exhibit high star-forming activity, regardless of stellar surface density or ∇(O/H). In contrast, a discrepancy arises for massive galaxies between MaNGA and EAGLE data sets. The latter exhibit a notable anticorrelation between specific star formation rate and stellar surface density, independent of ∇(O/H), while MaNGA galaxies show this trend mainly for strong positive ∇(O/H). Further investigation indicates that galaxies with strong negative gradients tend to host smaller central black holes in observed data sets, a trend not replicated in simulations. These findings suggest disparities in metallicity recycling and mixing history between observations and simulations, particularly in massive galaxies with varying metallicity gradients. These distinctions could contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying physics

Satellite galaxies in groups in the CIELO Project I: Gas removal from galaxies and its re-distribution in the intragroup medium

We study the impact of the environment on galaxies as they fall in and orbit in the potential well of a Local Group (LG) analogue, following them with high cadence. The analysis is performed on eight disc satellite galaxies from the CIELO suite of hydrodynamical simulations. All galaxies have stellar masses within the range [10 8.1 -109.56 ] M⊙h-1. We measure tidal torques, ram pressure, and specific star formation rates (sSFRs) as a function of time, and correlate them with the amount of gas lost by satellites along their orbits. Stronger removal episodes occur when the disc plane is oriented perpendicular to the direction of motion. More than one peripassage is required to significantly modify the orientations of the discs with respect to the orbital plane. The gas removed during the interaction with the central galaxies may also be found opposite to the direction of motion, depending on the orbital configuration. Satellites are not totally quenched when the galaxies reach their first peripassage and continue forming about 10 per cent of the final stellar mass after this event. The fraction of removed gas is found to be the product of the joint action of tidal torque and ram pressure, which can also trigger new star formation activity and subsequent supernova feedback.Fil: Rodríguez Moncada, Silvio Ribamar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Garcia Lambas, Diego Rodolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Padilla, Nelson David. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Tissera, P.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Bignone, Lucas Axel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Dominguez Tenreiro, Rosa. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Gonzalez, R.. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Pedrosa, Susana Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; Argentin

STAFNE BONE CYST IN THE ANTERIOR MANDIBLE: AN UNUSUAL LOCATION

To describe clinical features of the anterior Stafne bone cyst. To supply radiologist a guide for diagnosis and classification of Stafne bone cyst

Interleukin-9 Overexpression and Th9 Polarization Characterize the Inflamed Gut, the Synovial Tissue, and the Peripheral Blood of Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis

Objective. To investigate the expression and tis- sue distribution of Th9-related cytokines in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods. Quantitative gene expression analysis of Th1, Th17, and Th9 cytokines was performed in intestinal biopsy samples obtained from patients with PsA, HLA2B272positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), and healthy controls. Expression and tissue distribu- tion of interleukin-23 (IL-23), IL-17, IL-22, IL-9, and IL-9 receptor (IL-9R) were evaluated by immunohisto- chemistry and confocal microscopy. Flow cytometry was used to study the frequency of Th9 cells among periph- eral blood, lamina propria, and synovial fluid mononuclear cells. The functional relevance of IL-9R expression on epithelial cells was assessed in functional in vitro studies. Th9 cells in synovial tissue from patients with PsA were also studied. Results. Subclinical gut inflammation in PsA patients was characterized by a clear Th17 and Th22, but not Th1, polarized immune response. Unlike AS and CD, a strong and significant up-regulation of IL-9 was observed in PsA gut, especially among infiltrating mononuclear cells, high endothelial venules, and Pan- eth cells. IL-92positive mononuclear cells were demon- strated to be in large part Th9 cells. IL-9 overexpression was accompanied by significant Paneth cell hyperplasia. Paneth cells strongly overexpressed IL-9R, and stimula- tion of epithelial cells, isolated from PsA patients, with IL-9 resulted in overexpression of a-defensin 5 and IL-23p19. Peripheral and synovial expansion of a4b71 Th9 cells was also observed in patients with PsA. Increased expression of IL-9 and IL-9R was also found in synovial tissue. Conclusion. Strong IL-9/Th9 polarization seems to be the predominant immunologic signature in patients in PsA

Free-Shape Polygonal Object Localization

Polygonal objects are prevalent in man-made scenes. Early approaches to detecting them relied mainly on geometry while subsequent ones also incorporated appearance-based cues. It has recently been shown that this could be done fast by searching for cycles in graphs of line-fragments, provided that the cycle scoring function can be expressed as additive terms attached to individual fragments. In this paper, we propose an approach that eliminates this restriction. Given a weighted line-fragment graph, we use its cyclomatic number to partition the graph into managebly-sized sub-graphs that preserve nodes and edges with a high weight and are most likely to contain object contours. Object contours are then detected as maximally scoring elementary circuits enumerated in each sub-graph. Our approach can be used with any cycle scoring function and multiple candidates that share line fragments can be found. This is unlike in other approaches that rely on a greedy approach to finding candidates. We demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art for the detection of building rooftops in aerial images and polygonal object categories from ImageNet