Pseudo-Proklos’ Sphaera: Die Sphaera-Gattung im 16. Jahrhundert

Pseudo-Proklos' Sphaera (Σφαῖρα) ist eine griechische Einführung in die Astronomie, die ursprünglich von dem Stoiker Geminos (Εἰσαγωγὴ εἰς τὰ φαινόμενα) aus dem 1. Jahrhundert v. Chr. stammt, jedoch im späten 15. Jahrhundert dem Neoplatoniker Proklos zugeschrieben wurde. Am Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts erschienen Übersetzungen und Kommentare des Textes in 23 Handschriften und 92 Druckausgaben verschiedener Sprachen. Obwohl zu dieser Zeit bekannt war, dass der Text nicht von Proklos stammt, wurde er weiterhin in ganz Europa unterrichtet und übersetzt. Die weite Verbreitung des Textes liegt nicht nur in der Bekanntheit des Namens Proklos begründet, sondern unterstreicht auch die große Bedeutung seines Inhalts. Dieses Buch kontrastiert die Sphaera des Pseudo-Proklos mit dem aus dem 14. Jahrhundert stammenden astronomischen Standardlehrbuch für Astronomie - der Sphaera des Johannes de Sacrobosco. Die Verwendung der Sphaera fand bevorzugt an europäischen Universitäten, Hochschulen und Schulen statt, weil sie kürzer und elementarer war als der Text des Sacrobosco und weil die einfache griechische Syntax auch zum Unterrichten der griechischen Sprache verwendet werden konnte. Als griechisches Lehrbuch wurde die Sphaera zusammen mit verschiedenen Textgattungen wie Abhandlungen und Gedichten zur Astronomie gedruckt und insbesondere in humanistischen Zentren um Erasmus und Melanchthon verbreitet. Diese Textausgabe von Pseudo-Proklos' Sphaera enthält eine detaillierte Beschreibung des Inhalts, verfolgt ihre Verbreitung und stellt sie in einen zeitlichen Zusammenhang. Der Anhang enthält Transkriptionen und Facsimiles der ältesten griechischen Handschrift, des ältesten griechischen-lateinischen Druckes, eine deutsche Übersetzung des griechischen Textes und Paraphrasen der lateinischen frühneuzeitlichen Kommentare

OTIMIZAÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕES DE ENSAIO IN VIVO DA ENZIMA REDUTASE DO NITRATO EM CUCURBITÁCEAS

As cucurbitáceas abrangem espécies de importância para o Nordeste brasileiro, dentre elas o melão, a melancia e o pepino são as que possuem maior expressividade de cultivo. O sistema de produção dessas hortaliças requer a presença de nitrogênio, que, sendo que a redução do nitrato por meio da atividade da redutase do nitrato no citosol da célula é uma parte importante do processo de incorporação do N em aminoácidos. Contudo, as metodologias utilizadas são diversas e aplicadas em diversas culturas de forma geral, havendo a necessidade de uma maior especificidade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo padronizar as condições mais apropriadas para a determinação da atividade da RN, in vivo, no tecido foliar de melancia, melão e pepino. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em fatorial 3x3, compreendendo três metodologias in vivo e três propostas de infiltração do material vegetal (banho-maria, estufa e a vácuo), com quatro repetições.  As plantas foram conduzidas em casa de vegetação e os tecidos foliares completamente expandidos foram coletados, após 20 dias da germinação, para a condução dos métodos enzimáticos e avaliar a atividade da enzima redutase do nitrato (NR). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a maior atividade da NR no tecido foliar de melancia e melão foi obtida utilizando a Metodologia 1 submetido ao vácuo, enquanto que para o pepino o melhor ensaio foi o Metodologia 2, quando também submetido ao vácuo. Palavras-chave: nitrogênio; metabolismo; enzimologia.   Optimization of in vivo test conditions of nitrate enzyme reductase in Cucurbitacea   ABSTRACT: Cucurbits include species of importance to the Northeast of Brazil, among them melon, watermelon and cucumber are those that have the most expressive cultivation. The production system of these vegetables requires the presence of nitrogen, which, whereas the reduction of nitrate through the activity of nitrate reductase in the cell's cytosol is an important part of the process of incorporating N into amino acids. However, the methodologies used are diverse and applied in different cultures in general, with the need for greater specificity. The present study aimed to standardize the most appropriate conditions for determining the activity of RN, in vivo, in the leaf tissue of watermelon, melon and cucumber. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 3x3 factorial, comprising three in vivo methodologies and three proposals for infiltration of plant material (water bath, greenhouse and vacuum), with four replications. The plants were conducted in a greenhouse and the fully expanded leaf tissues were collected, after 20 days of germination, to conduct the enzymatic methods and evaluate the activity of the nitrate reductase (NR) enzyme. The results obtained demonstrated that the greatest activity of NR in the watermelon and melon leaf tissue was obtained using Methodology 1 submitted to vacuum, while for cucumber the best test was Methodology 2, when also submitted to vacuum. Keywords: nitrogen; metabolismo; enzimology

Challenges and support needs of parents and children when a parent is at end of life: A systematic review

Background: Preparing children for the death of a parent is challenging. Parents are often uncertain if and how to communicate and support their children. Many parents feel it is protecting their children by not telling them about the prognosis. Children less prepared for parental death from a terminal illness are more susceptive to later adversities. To facilitate coping and moderate for such adversities, there is a need to gain insight and understand the experience and challenges confronted by families. Aim: This review synthesised evidence on the experiences of parents and children when a parent is at end of life to discern their challenges, support needs and factors that facilitated good practice. Design: Mixed-methods systematic review. Data sources: Four electronic databases (CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO and Ovid MEDLINE) using MeSH terms and word searches in October 2018. Studies were not limited by year of publication, language or country. Grey literature searches were also completed on Google Scholar and OpenGrey. Results: In all, 7829 records were identified; 27 qualitative and 0 quantitative studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight descriptive themes were identified, further categorised into two broad themes: (1) barriers and facilitators in sharing the news that a parent is dying and (2) strategies to manage the changing situation. Conclusion: Lack of understanding in relation to the parent’s prognosis, denial and feeling ill-equipped were suggested as barriers for parents to share the news with their children. Engagement with social networks, including extended family relatives and peers, and maintaining routines such as attending school were suggested supportive by parents and children. Findings are limited primarily to White, middle-class two-parent families. A number of areas for future research are identified.</p

Role of Dlg5/lp-dlg, a Membrane-Associated Guanylate Kinase Family Protein, in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in LLc-PK1 Renal Epithelial Cells

Discs large homolog 5 (Dlg5) is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase adaptor family of proteins, some of which are involved in the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Dlg5 has been described as a susceptibility gene for Crohn's disease; however, the physiological function of Dlg5 is unknown. We show here that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced EMT suppresses Dlg5 expression in LLc-PK1 cells. Depletion of Dlg5 expression by knockdown promoted the expression of the mesenchymal marker proteins, fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin, and suppressed the expression of E-cadherin. In addition, activation of JNK and p38, which are stimulated by TGF-β, was enhanced by Dlg5 depletion. Furthermore, inhibition of the TGF-β receptor suppressed the effects of Dlg5 depletion. These observations suggest that Dlg5 is involved in the regulation of TGF-βreceptor-dependent signals and EMT

Pseudo-Proklos' Sphaera : die Sphaera-Gattung im 16. Jahrhundert

Pseudo-Proklos' Sphaera (Σφαῖρα) ist eine griechische Einführung in die Astronomie, die ursprünglich von dem Stoiker Geminos (Εἰσαγωγὴ εἰς τὰ φαινόμενα) aus dem 1. Jahrhundert v. Chr. stammt, jedoch im späten 15. Jahrhundert dem Neoplatoniker Proklos zugeschrieben wurde. Am Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts erschienen Übersetzungen und Kommentare des Textes in 23 Handschriften und 92 Druckausgaben verschiedener Sprachen. Obwohl zu dieser Zeit bekannt war, dass der Text nicht von Proklos stammt, wurde er weiterhin in ganz Europa unterrichtet und übersetzt. Die weite Verbreitung des Textes liegt nicht nur in der Bekanntheit des Namens Proklos begründet, sondern unterstreicht auch die große Bedeutung seines Inhalts.Dieses Buch kontrastiert die Sphaera des Pseudo-Proklos mit dem aus dem 14. Jahrhundert stammenden astronomischen Standardlehrbuch für Astronomie - der Sphaera des Johannes de Sacrobosco. Die Verwendung der Sphaera fand bevorzugt an europäischen Universitäten, Hochschulen und Schulen statt, weil sie kürzer und elementarer war als der Text des Sacrobosco und weil die einfache griechische Syntax auch zum Unterrichten der griechischen Sprache verwendet werden konnte. Als griechisches Lehrbuch wurde die Sphaera zusammen mit verschiedenen Textgattungen wie Abhandlungen und Gedichten zur Astronomie gedruckt und insbesondere in humanistischen Zentren um Erasmus und Melanchthon verbreitet. Diese Textausgabe von Pseudo-Proklos' Sphaera enthält eine detaillierte Beschreibung des Inhalts, verfolgt ihre Verbreitung und stellt sie in einen zeitlichen Zusammenhang. Der Anhang enthält Transkriptionen und Facsimiles der ältesten griechischen Handschrift, des ältesten griechischen-lateinischen Druckes, eine deutsche Übersetzung des griechischen Textes und Paraphrasen der lateinischen frühneuzeitlichen Kommentare

Congenital sodium diarrhoea caused by rare de novo activating guanylate cyclase mutation

A male infant with prenatal history significant for polyhydramnios requiring multiple amnioreductions with suspicion of small bowel atresia was born at 31 weeks 5 days\u27 gestation with abdominal distension. He underwent three exploratory laparotomies and ileostomy for small bowel obstruction and was found to have fluid-filled intestinal dilatation. Serum and stool chemistries suggested sodium secretory diarrhoea. A rapid whole-exome sequencing confirmed de novo guanylate cyclase mutation variant as a cause for his congenital sodium secretory diarrhoea. He required large volume of fluid and electrolyte replacement along with total parenteral nutrition. Several medications to restore normal sodium homeostasis by targeting molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis described in previous literature failed to decrease stool output and electrolyte loss. He was discharged home at 11 months of age on total parenteral nutrition and weekly iron therapy

LGBTQIA+ Youth and Mental Health

The focus of our SLX Project is the education and possible solutions to the effects of negative legislation on LGBTQ+ youth and the mental health effects it has. We aim to spread awareness of the issues regarding gay and trans youth in the US, as it is often disregarded or buried by the media. As the legislation against LGBTQ+ increases, we want to fight back and try to provide possible solutions to protect the new generations and end the fight once and for all. We have created a slideshow to explain the history of LGBTQ+ violence, and negative connotations and legislations over the recent years, as well as expose the true effects of said legislations on the mental and physical health, showing the true dangers. We have also created a bill, a piece of legislation in the positive light, promoting quality education, safe spaces, and equitable healthcare to everyone in regards to LGBTQ+ youth, protecting them and encouraging their growth