Comparative study of potato cultivation through micropropagation and conventional farming methods

A trial was carried out to evaluate the productivity of Solanum tuberosum L. cultivated through conventional farming and micropropagation method. Survival rate, biomass and tuber yield of both micropropagated and tuber propagated potatoes was evaluated. Survival percentages of potatoes were 90% for conventional propagation and 85% for micropropagation. The survival rate of micropropagated plants were maximum of 79% in vermicompost and minimum of 50% in the soil. The average shoot length, number of leaves and leaf area was greater in tuber propagated plants compared to the micropropagated plants. Tuber propagated plants yielded 1.360 kg/plant which was 0.370 kg/plant more than micropropagated plant.Keywords: Conventional farming, micropropagation, potatoes, tuber propagatio

A review on analytical method development, optimization and validation of combination of Azithromycin and benzoyl peroxide by RP-HPLC using design of experiment as per ICH guideline

Pharmaceutical analysis is one of the most challenging fields of analytical chemistry. Pharmaceutical analysts carry out the qualitative and quantitative control of APIs and drug products and also develop and validate appropriate methods. One of my main goals was to develop modern, rapid, precise and reproducible, but also cost-effective HPLC assay methods which are generally available and applicable for most users. The aim of this work was to develop LC methods for both compounds. The assay of erythromycin by LC offers several advantages, such as high specificity, the possibility of determining and quantifying impurities and degradation products, and improved accuracy. The developed methods were validated. My whole work containing following plan of work as Selection of drug, Review Literature, FITR of both drugs and Mixture, Preparation of standard solutions, Preparation of sample of pure drug in Standard solution, Method development by HPLC (as Selection of solvents to be used as diluents and mobile phase, Selection of wavelength, Selection of mobile phase and Selection of chromatographic conditions) Preparation of Mobile phase, Preparation of standard calibration curve combination of drug, Optimization of HPLC condition using box behnken design. Validation of analytical method following parameters as per ICH guidelines. (i). System suitability (ii). Linearity and range (iii). Specificity (iv).Accuracy and precision (v). Limits of detection (LOD) and Quantitation (LOQ). (vi). Selectivity and (vii).Robustness

Note: Fiber optic transport probe for Hall measurements under light and magnetic field at low temperatures: Case study of a two dimensional electron gas

A fiber optic based probe is designed and developed for electrical transport measurements in presence of quasi-monochromatic (360-800 nm) light, varying temperature (T = 1.8-300 K), and magnetic field (B = 0-7 T). The probe is tested for the resistivity and Hall measurements performed on a LaAlO3-SrTiO3 heterointerface system with a conducting two dimensional electron gas

Note: Fiber optic transport probe for Hall measurements under light and magnetic field at low temperatures: Case study of a two dimensional electron gas

A fiber optic based probe is designed and developed for electrical transport measurements in presence of quasi-monochromatic (360-800 nm) light, varying temperature (T = 1.8-300 K), and magnetic field (B = 0-7 T). The probe is tested for the resistivity and Hall measurements performed on a LaAlO3-SrTiO3 heterointerface system with a conducting two dimensional electron gas

A genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of the lentil MLO genes

Revista electrónica on linePowdery mildew is a widespread fungal plant disease that can cause significant losses in many crops. Some MLO genes (Mildew resistance locus O) have proved to confer a durable resistance to powdery mildew in several species. Resistance granted by the MLO gene family members has prompted an increasing interest in characterizing these genes and implementing their use in plant breeding. Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a widely grown food legume almost exclusively consumed as dry seed with an average world production of 4.5 million tons. Powdery mildew causes severe losses on certain lentil cultivars under particular environmental conditions. Data mining of the lentil CDC Redberry draft genome allowed to identify up to 15 gene sequences with homology to known MLO genes, designated as LcMLOs. Further characterization of these gene sequences and their deduced protein sequences demonstrated conformity with key MLO protein characteristics such as the presence of transmembrane and calmodulin binding domains, as well as that of other conserved motifs. Phylogenetic and other comparative analyses revealed that LcMLO1 and LcMLO3 are the most likely gene orthologs related to powdery mildew response in other species, sharing a high similarity with other known resistance genes of dicot species, such as pea PsMLO1 and Medicago truncatula MtMLO1 and MtMLO3. Sets of primers were designed as tools to PCR amplify the genomic sequences of LcMLO1 and LcMLO3, also to screen lentil germplasm in search of resistance mutants. Primers were used to obtain the complete sequences of these two genes in all of the six wild lentil relatives. Respective to each gene, all Lens sequences shared a high similarity. Likewise, we used these primers to screen a working collection of 58 cultivated and 23 wild lentil accessions in search of length polymorphisms present in these two genes. All these data widen the insights on this gene family and can be useful for breeding programs in lentil and close related species.S

Nonlinear thermal instability in a horizontal porous layer with an internal heat source and mass flow

© 2016, Springer-Verlag Wien. Linear and nonlinear stability analyses of Hadley–Prats flow in a horizontal fluid-saturated porous medium with a heat source are performed. The results indicate that, in the linear case, an increase in the horizontal thermal Rayleigh number is stabilizing for both positive and negative values of mass flow. In the nonlinear case, a destabilizing effect is identified at higher mass flow rates. An increase in the heat source has a destabilizing effect. Qualitative changes appear in Rz as the mass flow moves from negative to positive for different internal heat sources

Semiquantitative Analysis of Clinical Heat Stress in Clostridium difficile Strain 630 Using a GeLC/MS Workflow with emPAI Quantitation.

<div><p><i>Clostridium difficile</i> is considered to be the most frequent cause of infectious bacterial diarrhoea in hospitals worldwide yet its adaptive ability remains relatively uncharacterised. Here, we used GeLC/MS and the exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) calculation to determine proteomic changes in response to a clinically relevant heat stress. Reproducibility between both biological and technical replicates was good, and a 37°C proteome of 224 proteins was complemented by a 41°C proteome of 202 proteins at a 1% false discovery rate. Overall, 236 <i>C. difficile</i> proteins were identified and functionally categorised, of which 178 were available for comparative purposes. A total of 65 proteins (37%) were modulated by 1.5-fold or more at 41°C compared to 37°C and we noted changes in the majority of proteins associated with amino acid metabolism, including upregulation of the reductive branch of the leucine fermentation pathway. Motility was reduced at 41°C as evidenced by a 2.7 fold decrease in the flagellar filament protein, FliC, and a global increase in proteins associated with detoxification and adaptation to atypical conditions was observed, concomitant with decreases in proteins mediating transcriptional elongation and the initiation of protein synthesis. Trigger factor was down regulated by almost 5-fold. We propose that under heat stress, titration of the GroESL and dnaJK/grpE chaperones by misfolded proteins will, in the absence of trigger factor, prevent nascent chains from emerging efficiently from the ribosome causing translational stalling and also an increase in secretion. The current work has thus allowed development of a heat stress model for the key cellular processes of protein folding and export.</p></div

Interspecific Proteomic Comparisons Reveal Ash Phloem Genes Potentially Involved in Constitutive Resistance to the Emerald Ash Borer

The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) is an invasive wood-boring beetle that has killed millions of ash trees since its accidental introduction to North America. All North American ash species (Fraxinus spp.) that emerald ash borer has encountered so far are susceptible, while an Asian species, Manchurian ash (F. mandshurica), which shares an evolutionary history with emerald ash borer, is resistant. Phylogenetic evidence places North American black ash (F. nigra) and Manchurian ash in the same clade and section, yet black ash is highly susceptible to the emerald ash borer. This contrast provides an opportunity to compare the genetic traits of the two species and identify those with a potential role in defense/resistance. We used Difference Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) to compare the phloem proteomes of resistant Manchurian to susceptible black, green, and white ash. Differentially expressed proteins associated with the resistant Manchurian ash when compared to the susceptible ash species were identified using nano-LC-MS/MS and putative identities assigned. Proteomic differences were strongly associated with the phylogenetic relationships among the four species. Proteins identified in Manchurian ash potentially associated with its resistance to emerald ash borer include a PR-10 protein, an aspartic protease, a phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase (PCBER), and a thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase. Discovery of resistance-related proteins in Asian species will inform approaches in which resistance genes can be introgressed into North American ash species. The generation of resistant North American ash genotypes can be used in forest ecosystem restoration and urban plantings following the wake of the emerald ash borer invasion