The impact of nutritional intervention on dietary changes in adolescents with increased body mass index

Brojne studije ukazuju na izravnu vezu izmeĎu pretilosti u djece i adolescenata i povećanog rizika za razvoj kroničnih bolesti kao što su kardiovaskularne bolesti, dijabetes tip 2 i inzulinska rezistencija. Cilj ovog istraţivanja bio je procjena promjene prehrambenih navika i indeksa tjelesne mase u adolescenata s povećanim indeksom tjelesne mase koji su u skLopu mulidisciplinarnog pristupa liječenja pretilosti bili uključeni u nutritivnu intervenciju. Istraţivanje je trajalo 5 mjeseci i u njemu je sudjelovalo 10 adolescenata u dobi od 14 do 18 godina s područja Grada Zagreba. Procjena promjene prehrambenih navika provodila se za vrijeme trajanja istraţivanja u 3 navrata validiranim upitnikom o učestalosti konzumacije hrane i pića. Rezultati pokazuju kako je došlo do statistički značajnog smanjenja unosa energije (p<0,0001), ugljikohidrata (p=0,002), proteina (p=0,016) i masti (p=0,002) te smanjenja indeksa tjelesne mase kod ispitanika (p=0,008). Na temelju rezultata moţe se zaključiti kako je došlo do statistički značajnog smanjenja konzumacije namirnica iz skupina grickalica i slatkiša (p=0,001), dok u svim ostalim ispitivanim skupinama namirnica nije utvrĎeno statistički značajno smanjenje. Ovakav pristup svakako je utjecao na promjene u prehrambenim navikama i indeksu tjelesne mase, a u budućim istraţivanjima potrebno je utvrditi učinkovitost nutritivne intervencije obzirom na dugotrajnost primjene kao i dugoročnu odrţivost postignutih promjena.Numerous studies have shown a direct relationship between obesity in children and adolescents and increased risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in eating habits and body mass index in adolescents with increased body mass index, who were included in the nutritional intervention within mulidisciplinarnog approach to the treatment of obesity. The study lasted five months and participants were 10 adolescents aged 14 and 18 years who live in the City of Zagreb. Assessment of dietary changes was conducted in three occasions using validated questionnaire about the frequency of consumption of food and beverages. Results showed a statistically significant reduction in energy intake (p < 0,0001), carbohydrates (p=0,002), protein (p=0,016) and fat (p=0,002) and a decrease in body mass index in the participants (p = 0.008 ). Based on the results it can be concluded that there was a statistically significant reduction in the consumption of food from snacks and sweets group (p = 0.001), while in all other studied groups of foods a statistically significant reduction was not found. This approach certainly has affected the changes in eating habits and body mass index, and future research is necessary to determine the effectiveness of nutrition interventions due to the long duration of the implementation as well as long-term sustainability of achieved changes

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) as a source of bioactive compounds

Cilj ovog rada je prikupljanje aktualnih saznanja o biološki aktivnim spojevima biljke Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni te o njihovoj antioksidacijskoj aktivnosti iz objavljenih znanstvenih publikacija. Pretraživane su baze Nacionalne i Sveučilišne knjižnice u Zagrebu u području biotehničkih znanosti kao i službene stranice Hrvatske agencije za hranu i Europske agencije za sigurnost hrane. Zbog prisutnosti steviozida i rebaudiozida A karakterizira je slatki okus, a zbog niske energetske vrijednosti predstavlja poželjnu zamjenu za saharozu, posebice kod dijabetičara i pretilih osoba. Sadrži i širok spektar biološki aktivnih spojeva poput diterpenskih glikozida, polifenola, karotenoida i klorofila koji imaju brojne pozitivne učinke na ljudsko zdravlje. DPPH, FRAP, ABTS i ORAC metode dokazuju visoku antioksidacijsku aktivnost ekstrakta stevije, kao i veće vrijednosti AOA kod prehrambenih proizvoda u koje su dodani. Time se opravdava dosadašnje korištenje u prehrani te utvrđuje velik potencijal za još rašireniju upotrebu u farmaceutskoj i prehrambenoj industriji.The aim of this study is to obtain current discoveries about bioactive compounds of the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant and their antioxidant activity from published scientific publications. Databases from National and University Library Zagreb were researched in the field of biotehnical sciences as well as the official pages of Croatian Food Agency and European Food Safety Authority. The presence of stevioside and rebaudioside A gives it a sweet taste and due to its low energy value is desirable replacement for sucrose, particulary for people who suffer from diabetes and obesity. It also contains wide range of bioactive compound such as diterpene glycosides, polyphenols, carotenoids and chlorophyll which have many positive effects on human health. DPPH, FRAP, ABTS and ORAC methods confirm high antioxidant activity of extract of Stevia Rebaudiana as well as AOA of stevia supplemented food products. This approves its use and shows even bigger potential for wider use in pharmaceutical and food industry

Application of ElasticSearch, LogStash and Kibana for analysis of IP addresses data

Cilj promatranja i pomne analize alata za agregaciju i vizualizaciju podataka u kontekstu logova i podataka o IP adresama, je njihova primjena u vrsti obavještajnog rada koji se fokusira na zaštitu od kibernetičkih prijetnji. U ovom radu isprobane su mogućnosti korištenja alata Logstash i Elasticsearch za agregaciju i analizu podataka o IP adresama dobivenim iz Apache logova, a pomoću alata Kibana i Grafana promotrene su postojeće opcije i alati koji se koriste u vizualizacijske svrhe. Analizom mogućnosti i karakteristika sustava i alata, utvrđene su prednosti korištenja takve vrste sustava za pohranu i analizu IP adresa.The goal of observation and careful analysis of data aggregation and visualization tools in the context of logs and IP address data is their application in a type of intelligence work that focuses on protection against cyber threats. In this paper, the possibilities of using Logstash and Elasticsearch tools for aggregation and analysis of IP address data obtained from Apache logs are tested, and with the help of Kibana and Grafana tools, the options and tools used for visualization purposes are observed. By analyzing the capabilities and characteristics of systems and tools, the advantages of using such types of storage systems and IP address analysis have been identified

The impact of nutritional intervention on dietary changes in adolescents with increased body mass index

Brojne studije ukazuju na izravnu vezu izmeĎu pretilosti u djece i adolescenata i povećanog rizika za razvoj kroničnih bolesti kao što su kardiovaskularne bolesti, dijabetes tip 2 i inzulinska rezistencija. Cilj ovog istraţivanja bio je procjena promjene prehrambenih navika i indeksa tjelesne mase u adolescenata s povećanim indeksom tjelesne mase koji su u skLopu mulidisciplinarnog pristupa liječenja pretilosti bili uključeni u nutritivnu intervenciju. Istraţivanje je trajalo 5 mjeseci i u njemu je sudjelovalo 10 adolescenata u dobi od 14 do 18 godina s područja Grada Zagreba. Procjena promjene prehrambenih navika provodila se za vrijeme trajanja istraţivanja u 3 navrata validiranim upitnikom o učestalosti konzumacije hrane i pića. Rezultati pokazuju kako je došlo do statistički značajnog smanjenja unosa energije (p<0,0001), ugljikohidrata (p=0,002), proteina (p=0,016) i masti (p=0,002) te smanjenja indeksa tjelesne mase kod ispitanika (p=0,008). Na temelju rezultata moţe se zaključiti kako je došlo do statistički značajnog smanjenja konzumacije namirnica iz skupina grickalica i slatkiša (p=0,001), dok u svim ostalim ispitivanim skupinama namirnica nije utvrĎeno statistički značajno smanjenje. Ovakav pristup svakako je utjecao na promjene u prehrambenim navikama i indeksu tjelesne mase, a u budućim istraţivanjima potrebno je utvrditi učinkovitost nutritivne intervencije obzirom na dugotrajnost primjene kao i dugoročnu odrţivost postignutih promjena.Numerous studies have shown a direct relationship between obesity in children and adolescents and increased risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in eating habits and body mass index in adolescents with increased body mass index, who were included in the nutritional intervention within mulidisciplinarnog approach to the treatment of obesity. The study lasted five months and participants were 10 adolescents aged 14 and 18 years who live in the City of Zagreb. Assessment of dietary changes was conducted in three occasions using validated questionnaire about the frequency of consumption of food and beverages. Results showed a statistically significant reduction in energy intake (p < 0,0001), carbohydrates (p=0,002), protein (p=0,016) and fat (p=0,002) and a decrease in body mass index in the participants (p = 0.008 ). Based on the results it can be concluded that there was a statistically significant reduction in the consumption of food from snacks and sweets group (p = 0.001), while in all other studied groups of foods a statistically significant reduction was not found. This approach certainly has affected the changes in eating habits and body mass index, and future research is necessary to determine the effectiveness of nutrition interventions due to the long duration of the implementation as well as long-term sustainability of achieved changes

The role of the nurse during the treatment of patients with breast cancer

Uvod: Karcinom dojke najčešća je vrsta karcinoma koja zahvaća ženski spol i nalazi se na drugom mjestu po uzroku smrtnosti. Istraživanja su pokazala da svaka deseta žena oboli od karcinoma dojke tijekom života. Iako se danas maligne bolesti mogu otkriti u vrlo ranom stadiju, kod 30 – 40 % žena dolazi do metastaza u okolne organe i tkiva. Karcinom dojke može se razviti i kod muškog spola, ali vrlo rijetko. Postupci: Tijekom pisanja rada pretraživana je literatura u obliku stručnih knjiga i časopisa. Također su upotrijebljene relevantne baze podataka (Hrčak, PubMed, Google Scholar, Ebsco Host) te relevantne internetske stranice. Prikaz teme: Karcinom dojke zloćudni je tumor koji nastaje nekontroliranom diobom stanica u dojci. Najlakši način ranog otkivanja karcinoma, kada još simptomi nisu prisutni jest mamografija. Metode liječenja karcinoma mogu biti kirurškim putem, radioterapijom, kemoterapijom, hormonskom te biološkom terapijom. Odabrana metoda liječenja ovisi o dobi bolesnika, stupnju malignosti i proširenosti karcinoma i osjetljivosti tumora na hormone. Kod zbrinjavanja karcinoma dojke, medicinska sestra ima ulogu u tercijarnoj prevenciji malignih bolesti, edukaciji bolesnika i njegove obitelji, rehabilitaciji te izvođenju sestrinskih intervencija usmjerenih na potrebe bolesnika. Zaključak: Karcinom dojke je najučestalija maligna bolest kod žena. Kod te bolesti najvažnije je rano otkrivanje i tu medicinske sestre imaju najveću ulogu. Njihov je zadatak prenijeti svoje znanje o rizičnim čimbenicima, simptomima i znakovima karcinoma te educirati o važnosti redovitog obavljanja samopregleda i odlaska na mamografiju u ranijoj dobi ako za to postoje indikacije.Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer that affects women, and it is the second leading cause of death. Research has shown that every tenth woman gets diagnosed with breast cancer during her lifetime. Although today malignant diseases can be detected at a very early stage, 30 – 40% of women have metastasis to surrounding organs and tissues. Breast cancer can also develop in males, but very rarely. Procedures: For this paper, literature in the form of books and journals were researched. Relevant databases (Hrčak, PubMed, Google Scholar, Ebsco Host) and relevant websites were also consulted. Overview: Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that results from the uncontrolled division of cells in the breast. The easiest way to detect cancer early, when symptoms are not yet present, is mammography. Methods of cancer treatment are surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy. The method of treatment depends on the patient’s age, the degree of malignancy and the extent of the cancer, and the sensitivity of the tumor to hormones. In the breast cancer care, the nurse has a role in the tertiary prevention of malignant diseases, education of the patients and their family, rehabilitation, and performing nursing interventions focused on the patient’s needs. Conclusion: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. It is considered one of the biggest health problems in the developed countries of the world. Early detection is the most important in this disease, and nurses play the biggest role. Their task is to transfer their knowledge about the risk factors, symptoms, and signs of cancer and to educate women on the importance of regular self-examination and undergoing a mammogram examination at an earlier age if there are indications

Program system for using protoptye generator of IT system models

Polje kibernetičke sigurnosti često se oslanja na simulirane modele informacijsko- tehnoloških sustava, koji nude kontrolirano okruženje za učenje i razvoj sigurnosnih strategija bez ugrožavanja sigurnosti stvarnih sustava. Trenutno dostupni alati koji omogućavaju izradu simuliranih modela su složeni i zahtijevaju znatnu količinu stručnog znanja i specijaliziranih vještina, čime se ograničava njihova dostupnost i upotreba. Prepoznajući ovaj izazov, cilj ovog rada je razvoj programskog sustava koji omogućava udaljeni pristup jednom takvom postojećem alatu putem programskih sučelja. U radu se opisuje metodologija razvoja i implementacija programskog sustava za korištenje prototipa generatora modela IT sustava kroz aplikacijska programska sučelja korištenjem Django REST arhitekture. Rezultat rada je implementiran sustav koji podržava upravljanje korisnicima, upravljanje ulazima za izgradnju modela IT sustava i upravljanje uređenim modelima IT sustava te konfiguracijskim datotekama. Sustav podržava rad s JSON tipom podataka.The field of cyber security often relies on simulated models of information technology systems, which offer a controlled environment for learning and developing security strategies without compromising the security of real systems. Currently available tools that enable the creation of simulated models are complex and require a considerable amount of expertise and specialized skills, thus limiting their availability and use. Recognizing this challenge, the goal of this paper is the development of a software system that enables remote access to such an existing tool through software interfaces. The paper describes the methodology of development and implementation of the program system for using the IT system model generator prototype through application programming interfaces using the Django REST architecture. The result of the work is an implemented system that supports user management, management of inputs for building IT system models and management of edited IT system models and configuration files. The system supports working with JSON data type

Application of ElasticSearch, LogStash and Kibana for analysis of IP addresses data

Cilj promatranja i pomne analize alata za agregaciju i vizualizaciju podataka u kontekstu logova i podataka o IP adresama, je njihova primjena u vrsti obavještajnog rada koji se fokusira na zaštitu od kibernetičkih prijetnji. U ovom radu isprobane su mogućnosti korištenja alata Logstash i Elasticsearch za agregaciju i analizu podataka o IP adresama dobivenim iz Apache logova, a pomoću alata Kibana i Grafana promotrene su postojeće opcije i alati koji se koriste u vizualizacijske svrhe. Analizom mogućnosti i karakteristika sustava i alata, utvrđene su prednosti korištenja takve vrste sustava za pohranu i analizu IP adresa.The goal of observation and careful analysis of data aggregation and visualization tools in the context of logs and IP address data is their application in a type of intelligence work that focuses on protection against cyber threats. In this paper, the possibilities of using Logstash and Elasticsearch tools for aggregation and analysis of IP address data obtained from Apache logs are tested, and with the help of Kibana and Grafana tools, the options and tools used for visualization purposes are observed. By analyzing the capabilities and characteristics of systems and tools, the advantages of using such types of storage systems and IP address analysis have been identified

The role of the nurse during the treatment of patients with breast cancer

Uvod: Karcinom dojke najčešća je vrsta karcinoma koja zahvaća ženski spol i nalazi se na drugom mjestu po uzroku smrtnosti. Istraživanja su pokazala da svaka deseta žena oboli od karcinoma dojke tijekom života. Iako se danas maligne bolesti mogu otkriti u vrlo ranom stadiju, kod 30 – 40 % žena dolazi do metastaza u okolne organe i tkiva. Karcinom dojke može se razviti i kod muškog spola, ali vrlo rijetko. Postupci: Tijekom pisanja rada pretraživana je literatura u obliku stručnih knjiga i časopisa. Također su upotrijebljene relevantne baze podataka (Hrčak, PubMed, Google Scholar, Ebsco Host) te relevantne internetske stranice. Prikaz teme: Karcinom dojke zloćudni je tumor koji nastaje nekontroliranom diobom stanica u dojci. Najlakši način ranog otkivanja karcinoma, kada još simptomi nisu prisutni jest mamografija. Metode liječenja karcinoma mogu biti kirurškim putem, radioterapijom, kemoterapijom, hormonskom te biološkom terapijom. Odabrana metoda liječenja ovisi o dobi bolesnika, stupnju malignosti i proširenosti karcinoma i osjetljivosti tumora na hormone. Kod zbrinjavanja karcinoma dojke, medicinska sestra ima ulogu u tercijarnoj prevenciji malignih bolesti, edukaciji bolesnika i njegove obitelji, rehabilitaciji te izvođenju sestrinskih intervencija usmjerenih na potrebe bolesnika. Zaključak: Karcinom dojke je najučestalija maligna bolest kod žena. Kod te bolesti najvažnije je rano otkrivanje i tu medicinske sestre imaju najveću ulogu. Njihov je zadatak prenijeti svoje znanje o rizičnim čimbenicima, simptomima i znakovima karcinoma te educirati o važnosti redovitog obavljanja samopregleda i odlaska na mamografiju u ranijoj dobi ako za to postoje indikacije.Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer that affects women, and it is the second leading cause of death. Research has shown that every tenth woman gets diagnosed with breast cancer during her lifetime. Although today malignant diseases can be detected at a very early stage, 30 – 40% of women have metastasis to surrounding organs and tissues. Breast cancer can also develop in males, but very rarely. Procedures: For this paper, literature in the form of books and journals were researched. Relevant databases (Hrčak, PubMed, Google Scholar, Ebsco Host) and relevant websites were also consulted. Overview: Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that results from the uncontrolled division of cells in the breast. The easiest way to detect cancer early, when symptoms are not yet present, is mammography. Methods of cancer treatment are surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy. The method of treatment depends on the patient’s age, the degree of malignancy and the extent of the cancer, and the sensitivity of the tumor to hormones. In the breast cancer care, the nurse has a role in the tertiary prevention of malignant diseases, education of the patients and their family, rehabilitation, and performing nursing interventions focused on the patient’s needs. Conclusion: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. It is considered one of the biggest health problems in the developed countries of the world. Early detection is the most important in this disease, and nurses play the biggest role. Their task is to transfer their knowledge about the risk factors, symptoms, and signs of cancer and to educate women on the importance of regular self-examination and undergoing a mammogram examination at an earlier age if there are indications