A simulation for the creation of soft-looking, realistic facial expressions

In dieser Arbeit wird ein Weg zur Erstellung von realistischen, weich wirkenden, virtuellen Gesichtsausdrücken vorgestellt. Um dies zu ermöglichen wurde eine Simulation der Gesichtsmuskeln mit einer Simulation der menschlichen Haut kombiniert. Für die Gesamtsimulation wurde daraufhin ein Tool erstellt, welches das Austesten und die Manipulation der Muskeln ermöglicht.In this thesis, a way is presented for the creation of realistic, soft-looking, virtual facial expressions. A simulation of the facial muscles and a simulation of the human skin was combined for this task. In succession a tool was developed which allowed the testing of the simulation and the manipulation of the virtual muscles

New Insights of Infiltration Process of Argyrodite Li6PS5Cl Solid Electrolyte into Conventional Lithium-Ion Electrodes for Solid-State Batteries

All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries based on solid electrolytes are attractive for electric applications due to their potential high energy density and safety. The sulfide solid electrolyte (e.g., argyrodite) shows a high ionic conductivity (10−3 S cm−1). There is an open question related to the sulfide electrode’s fabrication by simply infiltrating methods applied for conventional lithium-ion battery electrodes via homogeneous solid electrolyte solutions, the structure of electrolytes after drying, chemical stability of binders and electrolyte, the surface morphology of electrolyte, and the deepening of the infiltrated electrolyte into the active materials to provide better contact between the active material and electrolyte and favorable lithium ionic conduction. However, due to the high reactivity of sulfide-based solid electrolytes, unwanted side reactions between sulfide electrolytes and polar solvents may occur. In this work, we explore the chemical and electrochemical properties of the argyrodite-based film produced by infiltration mode by combining electrochemical and structural characterizations

Scattering of hydrogen molecules from a reactive surface: Strong off-specular and rotationally inelastic diffraction

Six-dimensional quantum dynamical calculations of the scattering of H_2 from a Pd(100) surface using a potential energy surface derived from density-functional theory calculations are presented. Due to the corrugation and anisotropy of the PES strong off-specular and rotationally inelastic diffraction is found. The dependence of the diffraction intensitities on the incident kinetic energy is closely examined. In particular we focus on the quantum oscillations for normal and off-normal incidence.Comment: RevTeX, 5 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Chem. Phys. Let

Structural Batteries for Aeronautic Applications—State of the Art, Research Gaps and Technology Development Needs

Radical innovations for all aircraft systems and subsystems are needed for realizing future carbon-neutral aircraft, with hybrid-electric aircraft due to be delivered after 2035, initially in the regional aircraft segment of the industry. Electrical energy storage is one key element here, demanding safe, energy-dense, lightweight technologies. Combining load-bearing with energy storage capabilities to create multifunctional structural batteries is a promising way to minimize the detrimental impact of battery weight on the aircraft. However, despite the various concepts developed in recent years, their viability has been demonstrated mostly at the material or coupon level, leaving many open questions concerning their applicability to structural elements of a relevant size for implementation into the airframe. This review aims at providing an overview of recent approaches for structural batteries, assessing their multifunctional performance, and identifying gaps in technology development toward their introduction for commercial aeronautic applications. The main areas where substantial progress needs to be achieved are materials, for better energy storage capabilities; structural integration and aircraft design, for optimizing the mechanical-electrical performance and lifetime; aeronautically compatible manufacturing techniques; and the testing and monitoring of multifunctional structures. Finally, structural batteries will introduce novel aspects to the certification framework

Film processing of Li6PS5Cl electrolyte using different binders and their combinations

The development of solid electrolytes has made significant progress in the last decade. Among the most promising materials, sulfide-based electrolytes show high ionic conductivities and low densities, and their precursors are abundant. For industrially relevant battery cells, sulfide electrolytes need to be processed to form thin electrolyte sheets that are either directly applied to the electrodes as coatings or prepared as stand-alone films. Thus, processing of sulfide electrolyte powders has recently drawn much attention as it seems to be one of the major challenges in realizing sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries. In this work, six different binders (NBR, HNBR, PIB, PBMA, SBS, SEBS) were selected for preparation of electrolyte films using Li6PS5Cl as a sulfidic model compound. The influence of the binders on the electrochemical performance as well as on the mechanical properties of the resulting films was investigated. In addition, binder blends were explored as a vial approach to optimize the properties of the electrolyte films. Special focus was put on elucidating the relation between the physico-chemical properties of the binder materials and the resulting electrochemical and mechanical properties of the electrolyte films

Six-Dimensional Quantum Dynamics of Adsorption and Desorption of H_2 at Pd(100): No Need for a Molecular Precursor Adsorption State

We report six-dimensional quantum dynamical calculations of dissociative adsorption and associative desorption of the system H_2/Pd(100) using an ab-initio potential energy surface. We focus on rotational effects in the steering mechanism, which is responsible for the initial decrease of the sticking probability with kinetic energy. In addition, steric effects are briefly discussed.Comment: RevTeX, 11 pages, 4 figure

Optimizing Current Collector Interfaces for Efficient “Anode-Free” Lithium Metal Batteries

Current lithium (Li)-metal anodes are not sustainable for the mass production of future energy storage devices because they are inherently unsafe, expensive, and environmentally unfriendly. The anode-free concept, in which a current collector (CC) is directly used as the host to plate Li-metal, by using only the Li content coming from the positive electrode, could unlock the development of highly energy-dense and low-cost rechargeable batteries. Unfortunately, dead Li-metal forms during cycling, leading to a progressive and fast capacity loss. Therefore, the optimization of the CC/electrolyte interface and modifications of CC designs are key to producing highly efficient anode-free batteries with liquid and solid-state electrolytes. Lithiophilicity and electronic conductivity must be tuned to optimize the plating process of Li-metal. This review summarizes the recent progress and key findings in the CC design (e.g. 3D structures) and its interaction with electrolytes

Ab initio Quantum and ab initio Molecular Dynamics of the Dissociative Adsorption of Hydrogen on Pd(100)

The dissociative adsorption of hydrogen on Pd(100) has been studied by ab initio quantum dynamics and ab initio molecular dynamics calculations. Treating all hydrogen degrees of freedom as dynamical coordinates implies a high dimensionality and requires statistical averages over thousands of trajectories. An efficient and accurate treatment of such extensive statistics is achieved in two steps: In a first step we evaluate the ab initio potential energy surface (PES) and determine an analytical representation. Then, in an independent second step dynamical calculations are performed on the analytical representation of the PES. Thus the dissociation dynamics is investigated without any crucial assumption except for the Born-Oppenheimer approximation which is anyhow employed when density-functional theory calculations are performed. The ab initio molecular dynamics is compared to detailed quantum dynamical calculations on exactly the same ab initio PES. The occurence of quantum oscillations in the sticking probability as a function of kinetic energy is addressed. They turn out to be very sensitive to the symmetry of the initial conditions. At low kinetic energies sticking is dominated by the steering effect which is illustrated using classical trajectories. The steering effects depends on the kinetic energy, but not on the mass of the molecules. Zero-point effects lead to strong differences between quantum and classical calculations of the sticking probability. The dependence of the sticking probability on the angle of incidence is analysed; it is found to be in good agreement with experimental data. The results show that the determination of the potential energy surface combined with high-dimensional dynamical calculations, in which all relevant degrees of freedon are taken into account, leads to a detailed understanding of the dissociation dynamics of hydrogen at a transition metal surface.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, subm. to Phys. Rev.

The Static and Dynamic Lattice Changes Induced by Hydrogen Adsorption on NiAl(110)

Static and dynamic changes induced by adsorption of atomic hydrogen on the NiAl(110) lattice at 130 K have been examined as a function of adsorbate coverage. Adsorbed hydrogen exists in three distinct phases. At low coverages the hydrogen is itinerant because of quantum tunneling between sites and exhibits no observable vibrational modes. Between 0.4 ML and 0.6 ML, substrate mediated interactions produce an ordered superstructure with c(2x2) symmetry, and at higher coverages, hydrogen exists as a disordered lattice gas. This picture of how hydrogen interacts with NiAl(110) is developed from our data and compared to current theoretical predictions.Comment: 36 pages, including 12 figures, 2 tables and 58 reference

The matter of technical education at the senior primary school

The diploma thesis deals with the matter of technical education at the senior primary school. The introductory part includes the recherché of available literature followed by the list of the aims of my thesis. The description of the development of technical education worldwide as well in Czech countries follows. There is also a description of the specifics of technical education together with the methods which can be used within this subject. Furthermore, the RVP educational document and the position of technical education within it are analysed. The final part contains the summary of the theoretical findings. The practical part of the thesis describes the research plan together with the group of respondents. Processing of data and their interpretation through the graphs follows. The outcome of the practical part contains the description of current situation regarding the technical education as well as some suggestions for the teaching