Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among primary healthcare patients in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area: the SeroCAP sentinel network protocol

Introduction SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies are currently being recommended and implemented in many countries. Forming part of the COVID-19 monitoring and evaluation plan of the Catalan Government Health Department, our network aims to initiate a primary healthcare sentinel monitoring system as a surrogate of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area. Methods and analysis The seroCAP is a serial cross-sectional study, which will be performed in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area to estimate antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. From February 2021 to March 2022, the detection of serum IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike protein will be performed on a monthly basis in blood samples collected for diverse clinical purposes in three reference hospitals from the three Barcelona healthcare areas (BCN areas). The samples (n=2588/month) will be from patients attended by 30 primary healthcare teams at 30 basic healthcare areas (BHA). A lab software algorithm will systematically select the samples by age and sex. Seroprevalence will be estimated and monitored by age, sex, BCN area and BHA. Descriptive and cluster analysis of the characteristics and distribution of SARS-CoV-2 infections will be performed. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic and morbidity-associated factors will be determined using logistic regression. We will explore the association between seroprevalence, SARS-CoV-2 confirmed cases and the implemented measures using interrupted time series analysis. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained from the University Institute Foundation for Primary Health Care Research Jordi Gol i Gurina ethics committee. An informed consent is not required regarding the approval of the secondary use of biological samples within the framework of the COVID-19 pandemic. A report will be generated quarterly. The final analysis, conclusions and recommendations will be shared with the stakeholders and communicated to the general public. Manuscripts resulting from the network will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals

Consens interdisciplinari sobre l’abordatge de la persona amb malaltia renal crònica avançada: pla operatiu de la malaltia renal crònica

Malalts crònics; Malaltia renal crònica; AbordatgeEnfermos crónicos; Enfermedad renal crónica; AbordajeChronically ill; Chronic kidney disease; ApproachEl present consens té per voluntat millorar l’atenció en aquesta fase de l’MRC, donar eines als professionals de cara a la valoració preventiva prèvia a la decisió del tractament que cal seguir en la fase d’MRCA i l’homogeneïtzació de l’atenció específica a partir de la decisió d’instaurar un tractament conservador aprofitant les eines establertes al Departament de Salut per a l’atenció a les persones amb malalties cròniques avançades (MACA)

Subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin for prevention of disease in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection : a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial

Anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin (hIG) can provide standardized and controlled antibody content. Data from controlled clinical trials using hIG for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 outpatients have not been reported. We assessed the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous anti-COVID-19 hyperimmune immunoglobulin 20% (C19-IG20%) compared to placebo in preventing development of symptomatic COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We did a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, in asymptomatic unvaccinated adults (≥18 years of age) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 5 days between April 28 and December 27, 2021. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive a blinded subcutaneous infusion of 10 mL with 1 g or 2 g of C19-IG20%, or an equivalent volume of saline as placebo. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants who remained asymptomatic through day 14 after infusion. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of individuals who required oxygen supplementation, any medically attended visit, hospitalisation, or ICU, and viral load reduction and viral clearance in nasopharyngeal swabs. Safety was assessed as the proportion of patients with adverse events. The trial was terminated early due to a lack of potential benefit in the target population in a planned interim analysis conducted in December 2021. registry: . 461 individuals (mean age 39.6 years [SD 12.8]) were randomized and received the intervention within a mean of 3.1 (SD 1.27) days from a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. In the prespecified modified intention-to-treat analysis that included only participants who received a subcutaneous infusion, the primary outcome occurred in 59.9% (91/152) of participants receiving 1 g C19-IG20%, 64.7% (99/153) receiving 2 g, and 63.5% (99/156) receiving placebo (difference in proportions 1 g C19-IG20% vs. placebo, −3.6%; 95% CI -14.6% to 7.3%, p = 0.53; 2 g C19-IG20% vs placebo, 1.1%; −9.6% to 11.9%, p = 0.85). None of the secondary clinical efficacy endpoints or virological endpoints were significantly different between study groups. Adverse event rate was similar between groups, and no severe or life-threatening adverse events related to investigational product infusion were reported. Our findings suggested that administration of subcutaneous human hyperimmune immunoglobulin C19-IG20% to asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection was safe but did not prevent development of symptomatic COVID-19.

Guia de lípids i risc cardiovascular

Colesterol; Risc coronari; HipercolesterolèmiaCholesterol; Coronary risk; HypercholesterolemiaColesterol; Riesgo coronario; HipercolesterolemiaL’objectiu general d’aquesta guia és disposar d’unes recomanacions basades en l’evidència científica sobre el maneig dels lípids segons el risc cardiovascular (RCV). Aquesta guia engloba tot el procés assistencial i inclou els objectius comuns per tal d’augmentar la qualitat assistencial i disminuir la variabilitat assistencial en l’abordatge dels lípids i l’RCV

Ahora / Ara

La cinquena edició del microrelatari per l’eradicació de la violència contra les dones de l’Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere «Purificación Escribano» de la Universitat Jaume I vol ser una declaració d’esperança. Aquest és el moment en el qual les dones (i els homes) hem de fer un pas endavant i eliminar la violència sistèmica contra les dones. Ara és el moment de denunciar el masclisme i els micromasclismes començant a construir una societat més igualitària. Cadascun dels relats del llibre és una denúncia i una declaració que ens encamina cap a un món millor

Aneurismes de l'aorta abdominal en homes de 65-74 anys : prevalença i factors de risc associats a la seva presentació /

Objectius Principal. Estimar la prevalença dels aneurismes d'aorta abdominal (AAA) en homes de 65 a 74 anys en el nostre medi. Secundaris. Estimar la prevalença d' ectàsia abdominal (diàmetre màxim 25-29 mm),, avaluar els factors de risc associats a la presentació d'aneurismes i ectàsia i la possible relació entre les categories del diàmetre aòrtic i la mortalitat. Metodologia Tipus d'estudi. Estudi transversal de prevalença i de seguiment de cohorts. Població diana. Homes de 65-74 anys adscrits a les Àrees Bàsiques del Servei d'Atenció Primària (SAP) L'Hospitalet (Barcelona), amb una població total de 261.310 individus (2005). Càlcul de la mostra. Amb una població de 12.122 homes de 65-74 anys, una prevalença d'aneurismes abdominals esperada del 6% i una precisió en l'estimació del ± 2%, es calcula la mida de la mostra en un mínim de 542 individus més un 30% com a previsió de no resposta/pèrdues de seguiment. Selecció de la mostra. Mostreig aleatori simple a partir del llistat d'homes entre 65 i 74 anys adscrits als centres del SAP L'Hospitalet. Criteris exclusió: malalties amb expectativa de vida menor d'un any, qualitat de vida limitada, diagnòstic d'AAA o cirurgia aorto-femoral prèvia, raça no caucàsica. Mesures. - Antecedents personals i familiars: cardiopatia isquèmica, accident vascular cerebral, arteriopatia perifèrica i aneurisma de l'aorta abdominal. - Factors de risc cardiovascular (tabac, diabetis mellitus, hipertensió arterial, dislipèmia, obesitat) segons interrogatori i registre en història clínica. - Exploració física: pressió arterial, pes, talla i perímetre abdominal. - Analítica de sang: hemograma, fibrinogen, colesterol total, HDL, LDL, triglicèrids, glucèmia, HbA1c, creatinina, urats. - Ecografia de l'aorta abdominal: diàmetre màxim de l'aorta abdominal infrarenal. Anàlisi estadística. - Anàlisi descriptiva i estimació de la prevalença d'AAA i del seu interval de confiança al 95%. - Anàlisi bivariable de la possible associació de les variables amb la presència d'aneurisma i amb les distintes categories de diàmetre aòrtic (normal, ectàsia, aneurisma). - Anàlisis de regressió logística per identificar variables predictores independents de la presència d'aneurisma (si/no), i de l'ectàsia (normal versus ectàsia). - Anàlisi de supervivència mitjançant el mètode de Kaplan-Meier, en els diferents grups definits pel diàmetre aòrtic (normal, ectàsia i AAA). Resultats. n = 651. Taxa resposta 67%. Prevalença dels factors de risc cardiovascular: HTA 53,3%, DM 24,5%, dislipèmia 45,3%, obesitat 31,6%, fumadors actius 18,3%. Prevalença aneurisma: 2,30% (IC 95% 1,30 - 3,77). Variables significatives en la regressió logística: consum de tabac (OR 10-20 cig/d = 20,4,; OR >20 cig/d = 15,8), diagnòstic d'infart de miocardi (OR = 5,1) i talla superior a 165 cm (OR = 3,4). Prevalença d'ectàsia 6,80% (IC 95% 4,92 - 9,11). Variables significatives en la regressió logística: hàbit tabàquic (OR fumador= 5,85; OR ex fumador = 1,85), diagnòstic d'HTA (OR = 2,15) i obesitat abdominal (OR=1,98). Conclusions. La prevalença d'aneurismes en homes de 65-74 anys en el nostre medi és comparable a la de països amb alta prevalença de malaltia cardiovascular, i relacionada amb el consum de tabac, al igual que la ectàsia.El consum de tabac, el diagnòstic d'infart de miocardi i una major talla s'associen a la detecció d'AAA, i l'hàbit tabàquic, la HTA i l'obesitat abdominal a la presència d'ectàsia.Objective The primary end-point is to estimate the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms in men aged 65-74 years in our area. The secondary end-points are to estimate the prevalence of ectasic aorta (maximum diameter 25-29 mm), to identify the risk factors associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms and ectasia and determine the possible relationship between categories of diameter and mortality. Methods Type of study. Cross-sectional prevalence study and cohort follow-up. Target population. Men aged 65-74 years belonging to the healthcare centers of the Primary Healthcare Service in L'Hospitalet (Barcelona) with a total population of 261,310 individuals (2005). Sample size. With a population of 12,122 men aged 65-74 years, an expected AAA prevalence of 6%, and a ± 2% accuracy of estimation, the calculated sample size was of at least 542 plus 30% as no response / loss to follow-up. Sample selection. Simple random sampling from the list of men aged between 65 and 74 attached to the Primary Healthcare centers of L'Hospitalet. Exclusion criteria: disease with life expectancy of less than one year, limited quality of life, previous diagnosis of AAA or aortic-femoral surgery, non- Caucasian. Anthropomorphic data. - Personal and family history: heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm. - Cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity) based on clinical examination and clinical record. - Physical examination: blood pressure, weight, height and abdominal circumference. - Blood tests: blood count, fibrinogen, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urates. - Ultrasound of the abdominal aorta: maximum diameter of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. Statistical analysis. - Descriptive analysis of all variables, and estimate of the prevalence of AAA and its 95% confidence interval. - Bivariate analysis to identify variables related to the presence of aneurysm (yes/no) and the different categories of aortic diameter (normal, ectasia, aneurysm). - Logistic regression analysis to identify predictive variables for the presence or absence of aneurysm and ectasia (normal versus ectasia). - Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was applied to the three groups defined by aortic diameter (normal, ectasia, aneurysm). Results. 651 individuals were included. Average response rate 67%. Prevalent cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension 53.3%, DM 24.5%, dyslipidemia 45.3%, obesity 31.6%, active smokers 18.3%. Prevalence of aneurysm: 2.30% (95% CI 1.30 to 3.77). Significant variables in the regression model: tobacco (OR 10-20 cig/d = 20.4, OR> 20 cig/d = 15.8), diagnosis of myocardial infarction (OR = 5.1) and height above 165 cm (OR = 3.4). Prevalence of ectasia 6.80% (95% CI 4.92 to 9.11). Significant variables in the regression model: smoking (smoker OR = 5.85, former smoker OR = 1.85), diagnosis of hypertension (OR = 2.15) and abdominal obesity (OR=1.98). Conclusions. The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms in men aged 65- 74 years in our area is similar to the countries with high prevalence of cardiovascular disease and is related to smoking, like the ectasia Tobacco, diagnosis of myocardial infarction, and height are associated with AAA, whereas smoking, hypertension and abdominal obesity are associated with the presence of ectasia

Efectos a largo plazo de una intervención intensiva sobre cambios en los estilos de vida en pacientes con hiperfibrinogenemia y riesgo cardiovascular moderado-alto

Resumen: Objetivos: Evaluar si persiste el beneficio sobre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) a los 5 años de una intervención intensiva en estilos de vida (EV) que duró 2 años, en pacientes con hiperfibrinogenemia y riesgo cardiovascular moderado o alto. Diseño: Estudio observacional prospectivo multicéntrico. Emplazamiento: Trece Centros de Atención Primaria de Barcelona y Baix Llobregat. Participantes: Un total de 300 pacientes que finalizaron el estudio EFAP (146 del grupo intervención y 154 del control). Intervenciones: El estudio EFAP, realizado con pacientes con cifras de colesterol normal y fibrinógeno elevado, mostró que las intervenciones sobre el estilo de vida son eficaces en la reducción de FRCV. Finalizado el estudio EFAP, los 2 grupos siguieron los controles habituales. Pasados 5 años evaluamos los 2 grupos. Mediciones principales: Edad, sexo, FRCV (diabetes, dislipidemia, hipertensión arterial, obesidad), analítica (fibrinógeno, glucosa, hemograma, colesterol, triglicéridos), presión arterial, peso, talla, índice de masa corporal (IMC), hábitos tóxicos (tabaco y alcohol), REGICOR. Resultados: A los 5 años, el grupo intervención presentó respecto al control menor perímetro abdominal (98 y 101 cm, respectivamente; p = 0,043), menor peso (76,30 y 75,04 kg, respectivamente; p < 0,001) e IMC (29,5 y 30, 97 kg/m2; p = 0,018). El nivel de fibrinógeno fue inferior en el grupo intervención (330,33 y 320,27 mg/dl respectivamente; p < 0,001), y riesgo REGICOR también fue inferior en el grupo intervención (5,65 y 5,59 respectivamente; p < 0,06). Conclusión: El beneficio de una intervención intensiva en EV durante 2 años para reducir los FRCV persiste a los 5 años, pero disminuye su intensidad con el tiempo. Se recomienda repetir periódicamente las intervenciones para mantener el efecto beneficioso sobre los EV. Abstract: Objectives: To determine whether the benefit on cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) persists 5 years after an intensive intervention in lifestyle (LS) that lasted 2 years, in patients with hyperfibrinogenaemia and moderate or high cardiovascular risk. Design: multicentre prospective observational study. Location: 13 Primary Care Centres in Barcelona and Baix Llobregat. Participants: A total of 300 patients who completed the EFAP study (146 intervention group, 154 control group). Interventions: The EFAP study, conducted on patients with normal cholesterol and elevated fibrinogen showed that lifestyle interventions are effective in reducing CVRF. After the EFAP study, the 2 groups followed the usual controls, and re-assessed after 5 years. Main measurements: Age, gender, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, obesity), laboratory parameters (fibrinogen, glucose, full blood count, cholesterol, triglycerides), blood pressure, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), tobacco and alcohol use, REGICOR. Results: At 5 years, the intervention group had a lower abdominal circumference (98 and 101 cm, respectively, P = .043), a lower weight (76.30 and 75.04 kg, respectively, P < .001), and BMI (29.5 and 30.97 kg/m2, P = .018). Fibrinogen level was lower in the intervention group (330.33 and 320.27 mg/dl respectively, P < .001), and REGICOR risk was also lower in the intervention group (5.65 and 5.59 respectively, P < .06). Conclusion: The benefit of an intensive intervention in LS for 2 years to reduce CVRF persists at 5 years, but decreases its intensity over time. It is recommended to repeat the interventions periodically to maintain the beneficial effect on LS. Palabras clave: Intervención en estilos de vida, Índice de masa corporal, Obesidad, Perímetro abdominal, Riesgo cardiovascular, Fibrinógeno, Keywords: Interventions on lifestyle, Body mass index, Obesity, Abdominal circumference, Cardiovascular risk, Fibrinoge

Enfermedad renal crónica en Atención Primaria: prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados

Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia y los estadios de la enfermedad renal crónica según la estimación del filtrado glomerular (eFG), y los factores de riesgo asociados en individuos ≥ 60 años. Diseño: Estudio observacional transversal. Emplazamiento: Atención Primaria. Participantes: Sujetos ≥ 60 años de 40 centros de Atención Primaria con determinación de creatinina sérica entre 1 enero-31 diciembre de 2010. Criterios de exclusión: trasplante renal, atención domiciliaria. Mediciones principales: Variables sociodemográficas, antropométricas, factores de riesgo y enfermedad cardiovascular según registro en historia clínica electrónica, concentración de creatinina sérica según método Jaffé cinético compensado estandarizado y eFG según MDRD-4 IDMS y CKD-EPI. Resultados: Fueron analizados 97.665 individuos (57,3% mujeres, mediana de edad 70,0 [Q1: 65,0; Q3: 77,0]). Prevalencia de eFG-MDRD < 60 = 15,1% (16,6% en mujeres, 13,2% en hombres; p < 0,001) con aumento progresivo con la edad. El análisis multivariante detectó una asociación positiva entre eFG-MDRD < 60 y edad (OR = 1,74; IC 95% 1,70-1,77), HTA (OR = 2,18; IC 95% 2,08-2,30), insuficiencia cardiaca (OR = 2,03; IC 95% 1,83-2,25), fibrilación auricular (OR = 1,57; IC 95% 1,41-1,76), cardiopatía isquémica (OR = 1,40; IC 95% 1,30-1,50), arteriopatía periférica (OR = 1,31; IC 95% 1,09-1,57), dislipidemia (OR = 1,28; IC 95% 1,23-1,33), DM (OR = 1,26; IC 95% 1,17-1,34) y AVC (OR = 1,17; IC 95% 1,09-1,25). El modelo con eFG-CKD-EPI mostró un aumento de la OR con la edad y sexo masculino, que cobró significación como factor de riesgo. Conclusiones: La enfermedad renal crónica presenta una importante prevalencia en pacientes ≥ 60 años atendidos en Atención Primaria, mayor en mujeres que en hombres, y aumentando con la edad. La HTA, más que la DM, fue el principal factor de riesgo cardiovascular asociado

Chronic kidney disease in hypertensive subjects ≥60 years treated in Primary Care

Background: Hypertension (HT) is the second leading cause of kidney failure. In hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), blood pressure (BP) control is the most important intervention to minimise progression. For CKD diagnosis, standardised creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) testing by CKD-EPI is recommended. Objectives: To describe the prevalence and factors associated with a moderate decrease in eGFR (by CKD-EPI) and BP control in subjects with HT. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study in subjects ≥60 years included in the SIDIAP plus database with hypertension and standardised serum creatinine and BP tests in the last 2 years. Exclusion criteria: eGFR < 30, dialysis or kidney transplantation, prior cardiovascular disease, home care. Primary endpoint: eGFR by CKD-EPI formula. Covariates: demographic data, examination, cardiovascular risk factors, heart failure and auricular fibrillation diagnosis, and drugs (antihypertensive agents acting on renal function, antiplatelet and lipid lowering agents). BP control criteria: ≤130/80 mmHg in individuals with albuminuria, ≤140/90 in all other subjects. Results: Prevalence of eGFR <60 = 18.8%. Associated factors: age, gender, heart failure, albumin/creatinine ratio, auricular fibrillation, smoking, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and obesity. BP control: 66.14 and 63.24% in eGFR ≥ 60 and eGFR < 60, respectively (p < 0.05). Exposure to drugs was higher in eGFR < 60. Conclusion: One in 5 hypertensive patients without cardiovascular disease ≥60 years in primary care presented with a moderate decrease in eGFR. In addition to age and sex, albuminuria and heart failure were the main associated factors. Despite the increased exposure to drugs, BP control was lower in CKD

Seguimiento de las recomendaciones en prevención secundaria cerebrovascular en atención primaria

OBJECTIVE: Knowing compliance with secondary prevention recommendations of stroke in primary care and to identify factors associated with compliance. DESIGN: Multi-centre cross-sectional. SETTING: Health primary care centres in a metropolitan area (944,280 inhabitants). PARTICIPANTS: Patients aged 18years and over with ischemic brain disease diagnosis prior to 6months before the study. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Clinical history records of demographic variables, risk factors and cardiovascular comorbidity, drugs, blood pressure values (BP), LDL-cholesterol and medical visits by doctor and nurses after the event. Good adherence was considered when BP <140/90 mmHg, LDL-cholesterol <100 mg/dL, smoking abstention and preventive drugs prescription (anti-platelet/anticoagulants, statins and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-receptor-antagonists or diuretics) during the last 18months. RESULTS: A total of 21,976 patients, mean age 73.12 years (SD: 12.13), 48% women, 72.7% with stroke. Co-morbidity: hypertension 70.8%, dyslipidemia 55.1%, DM 30.9%, atrial fibrillation 14.1%, ischemic heart disease 13.5%, chronic renal failure 12.5%, heart failure 8.8%, peripheral arterial disease 6.2%, dementia 7.8%. No record was found for smoking in 3.7%, for BP in 3.5% and for LDL in 6.5%. Optimal control: abstention smoking in 3.7%, BP <140/90 in 65.7% and LDL <100 mg/dL in 41.0%. TREATMENT: 86.2% anti-platelet/anticoagulants, 61.3% statins and 61.8% angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor-antagonists or diuretic. Registration and risk factors control was higher in 66-79years aged and lower in 18-40years aged. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of clinical guidelines recommendations for stroke prevention in primary care must be improved, especially among younger population. Organizational changes and more active involvement by professionals and strategies against therapeutic inertia must be taken