Parental Use and Educational Campaigns on Sunbed Use Among Teenagers and Adolescents

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sunbed use among teenagers and the association between familial behavior and the adoption of UV-protective practices in this age group. We also assessed the impact of an educational program on students' knowledge about the potential risks of sunbed use. The educational intervention focused on: (i) skin effects of UV radiation, (ii) photoaging and photocarcinogenesis, (iii) risk factors for skin cancer, (iv) indoor sun tanning and misleading concepts such as possible protective effect of sunbed use on skin cancer risk, (v) sun protection and relation with skin phototype, and (vi) early diagnosis of melanoma using the ABCDE check list and the ugly duckling sign. We carried out a survey of 3098 students and found a strong association between parental sunbed use and students' use of the same (P < 0.0001). Students who attended the educational intervention were more aware that sunbed use cannot prevent sunburns (P = 0.03) than those who did not attend, making adjustments for confounding variables. However, sunbed use by parents influenced the desire to use a sunbed more than participation in the educational intervention (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, although our results indicate that educational interventions can improve knowledge of the risk of sunbed use. They also reveal a strong correlation between sunbed use by teenagers and parental behavior that highlights the importance of educational interventions involving families

Lixiviação de nitrogênio em latossolo incubado com lodo de esgoto Nitrogen leaching in a latosol incubated with sewage sludges

Lodo de esgoto contém teores elevados de N orgânico. Se for aplicado em quantidade excessiva em solos, há risco de poluição de águas subsuperficiais com nitrato, produto da mineralização do N. Por essa razão, um dos critérios agronômicos para a determinação da taxa máxima de aplicação do lodo de esgoto é a quantidade de N mineral que será disponibilizada às culturas. Neste trabalho, são apresentados os resultados relativos à lixiviação de N mineralizado em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico incubado durante 224 dias com dois tipos de lodo de esgoto anaeróbios, um de origem urbana (Franca, SP) e outro com presença de despejos industriais (Barueri, SP). Cada lodo de esgoto foi aplicado em quatro doses, contendo 0,13, 0,3, 0,5 e 1,0 g kg-1 de N orgânico. Essa quantidade de substrato mineralizável foi equivalente a 5, 11, 22 e 43 t ha-1 de lodo de Franca, e a 8, 15, 31 e 61 t ha-1 de lodo de Barueri. O experimento foi conduzido em colunas de percolação, sob temperatura de 25 a 28 °C em laboratório, fazendo-se lixiviações com solução extratora de KCl 0,01 mol L-1. Foram determinadas as quantidades de N mineral (N-NH4+ e N-NO3- + N-NO2-) extraídas nos percolados em doze épocas. Houve correlação significativa entre as quantidades aplicadas de N na forma orgânica e as quantidades de N mineralizadas durante a incubação nos dois tipos de lodo avaliados. O potencial de mineralização estimado pelo modelo exponencial simples foi de 73 mg kg-1 de N no solo sem aplicação de lodo, e aumentou de 107 para 224 mg kg-1 e de 132 para 364 mg kg-1 nos tratamentos com o lodo de esgoto de Franca e de Barueri, respectivamente. A fração de mineralização potencial do N orgânico dos dois tipos de lodo de esgoto decresceu com o aumento das doses aplicadas: 26, 25, 21 e 14 % para o de Franca, e 43, 39, 34 e 27 % para o de Barueri. Em consequência, o potencial de lixiviação de N no Latossolo aumentou de 46 para 207 % com as doses do lodo de Franca, e de 81 para 399 % com as doses do lodo de Barueri.<br>Sewage sludges contain high levels of organic N. If these residues are applied in excess to soils, there is the risk of polluting the groundwater with nitrate, a product of N mineralization. For this reason, one of the criteria underlying the determination of the maximum N application rate to soils is the crop available N. This paper presents the results of a 224 day laboratory leaching study on organic N mineralization of anaerobically-digested sewage sludges from two treatment plants, namely Franca (urban sludge) and Barueri (urban-industrial sludge), both located in São Paulo State, Brazil. The sewage sludges were applied to 0-0.20 m Latosol (Oxisol) samples at four rates, containing 0.13, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 g kg-1 of organic N; these treatments were equivalent to the soil application of 5, 11, 22 and 43 t ha-1 of Franca sewage sludge and to 8, 15, 31 and 61 t ha-1 of Barueri sewage sludge. The soil samples with treatments were incubated in percolation tubes at temperatures between 25 and 28 °C. The tubes were periodically leached (12 times) with 0.01 mol L-1 KCl, and N-NH4+ and N-(NO3- + NO2-) were determined in the leachates. During the incubation, there was a significant correlation between the rate of organic N applied as sludges and the net inorganic N accumulation in the leachates, for both sludges. The potential N mineralization estimated by the single exponential model for the soil without sludge was 73 mg kg-1 of N, and increased from 107 to 224 mg kg-1 and from 132 to 364 mg kg-1 in the Franca and Barueri-treated soils, respectively. The potential mineralization fraction of organic N in the residues decreased with increasing rates: 26, 25, 21 and 14 % for the Franca, and 43, 39, 34 and 27 % for Barueri sewage sludge. Thus, the potential for N leaching in the studied Oxisol increased from 46 to 207 % when increasing doses of Franca sewage sludge were applied, and from 81 to 399 % under increasing doses of Barueri sludge

The mechanism of sirtuin 2–mediated exacerbation of alpha-synuclein toxicity in models of Parkinson disease

Sirtuin genes have been associated with aging and are known to affect multiple cellular pathways. Sirtuin 2 was previously shown to modulate proteotoxicity associated with age-associated neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson disease (PD). However, the precise molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, we provide mechanistic insight into the interplay between sirtuin 2 and α-synuclein, the major component of the pathognomonic protein inclusions in PD and other synucleinopathies. We found that α-synuclein is acetylated on lysines 6 and 10 and that these residues are deacetylated by sirtuin 2. Genetic manipulation of sirtuin 2 levels in vitro and in vivo modulates the levels of α-synuclein acetylation, its aggregation, and autophagy. Strikingly, mutants blocking acetylation exacerbate α-synuclein toxicity in vivo, in the substantia nigra of rats. Our study identifies α-synuclein acetylation as a key regulatory mechanism governing α-synuclein aggregation and toxicity, demonstrating the potential therapeutic value of sirtuin 2 inhibition in synucleinopathies.Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2017peerReviewe