Correlations between reflected and transmitted intensity patterns emerging from opaque disordered media

The propagation of monochromatic light through a scattering medium produces speckle patterns in reflection and transmission, and the apparent randomness of these patterns prevents direct imaging through thick turbid media. Yet, since elastic multiple scattering is fundamentally a linear and deterministic process, information is not lost but distributed among many degrees of freedom that can be resolved and manipulated. Here we demonstrate experimentally that the reflected and transmitted speckle patterns are correlated, even for opaque media with thickness much larger than the transport mean free path, proving that information survives the multiple scattering process and can be recovered. The existence of mutual information between the two sides of a scattering medium opens up new possibilities for the control of transmitted light without any feedback from the target side, but using only information gathered from the reflected speckle.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Comment on Ricci Collineations of Static Spherically Symmetric Spacetimes

We present a counter example to a theorem given by Amir {\em et al.} J. Math. Phys. {\bf 35}, 3005 (1994). We also comment on a misleading statements of the same reference.Comment: 4 pages,LaTex fil

Ricci Collineations for Non-Degenerate, Diagonal and Spherically Symmetric Ricci Tensors

The expression of the vector field generator of a Ricci Collineation for diagonal, spherically symmetric and non-degenerate Ricci tensors is obtained. The resulting expressions show that the time and radial first derivatives of the components of the Ricci tensor can be used to classify the collineation, leading to 64 families. Some examples illustrate how to obtain the collineation vector

Branching Lévy processes with inhomogeneous breeding potentials

The object of study in this thesis is a number of different models of branching Levy processes in inhomogeneous breeding potential. We employ some widely-used spine techniques to investigate various features of these models for their subsequent comparison. The thesis is divided into 5 chapters. In the first chapter we introduce the general framework for branching Markov processes within which we are going to present all our results. In the second chapter we consider a branching Brownian motion in the potential β|·|p, β> 0, p ≥0. We give a new proof of the result about the critical value of p for the explosion time of the population. The main advantage of the new proof is that it can be easily generalised to other models. The third chapter is devoted to continuous-time branching random walks in the potential β|·|p, β> 0, p ≥0. We give results about the explosion time and the right most particle behaviour comparing them with the known results for the branching Brownian motion. In the fourth chapter we look at general branching Levy processes in the potential β|·|p, β> 0, p ≥0. Subject to certain assumptions we prove some results about the explosion time and the rightmost particle. We exhibit how the corresponding results for the branching Brownian motion and and the branching random walk fit into the general structure. The last chapter considers a branching Brownian motion with branching taking place at the origin on the local time scale. We present some results about the population dynamics and the right most particle behaviour. We also prove the Strong Law of Large Numbers for this model.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Squeezed-light generation in a nonlinear planar waveguide with a periodic corrugation

Two-mode nonlinear interaction (second-harmonic and second-subharmonic generation) in a planar waveguide with a small periodic corrugation at the surface is studied. Scattering of the interacting fields on the corrugation leads to constructive interference that enhances the nonlinear process provided that all the interactions are phase matched. Conditions for the overall phase matching are found. Compared with a perfectly quasi-phase-matched waveguide, better values of squeezing as well as higher intensities are reached under these conditions. Procedure for finding optimum values of parameters for squeezed-light generation is described.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figure

Hybrid thermal Yagi-Uda nanoantennas for directional and narrow band long-wavelength IR radiation sources

We investigate the possibility of spatially and spectrally controlling the thermal infrared emission by exploitation of the Yagi-Uda antenna design. Hybrid antennas composed of both SiC and Au rods are considered and the contributions of emission from all the elements, at a given equilibrium temperature, are taken into account. We show that the detrimental effect due to thermal emission from the not ideal parasitic elements drastically affect the performances of conventional thermal Au antennas in the 12 μm wavelength range. Nevertheless, our results show that the hybrid approach allows the development of efficient narrow-band and high directivity sources. The possibility of exploiting the Yagi-Uda design both in transmission and in reception modes, may open the way to the realization of miniaturized, efficient, robust and cheap sensor devices for mass-market applications. 2020 Optical Society of America

2,12-diaza[6]helicene: An efficient non-conventional stereogenic scaffold for enantioselective electrochemical interphases

The new configurationally stable, unsymmetrical 2,12-diaza[6]helicene was synthesized as a racemate and the enantiomers were separated in an enantiopure state by semi-preparative HPLC on chiral stationary phase. Under selected alkylation conditions it was possible to obtain both the enantiopure 2-N-mono- and di-N-ethyl quaternary iodides. Metathesis with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion gave low-melting salts which were tested as inherently chiral additives to achiral ionic liquids for the electrochemical enantiodiscrimination of chiral organic probes in voltammetric experiments. Remarkable differences in the oxidation potentials of the enantiomers of two probes, a chiral ferrocenyl amine and an aminoacid, were achieved; the differences increase with increasing additive concentration and number of alkylated nitrogen atoms

Helicity: a non-conventional stereogenic element for designing inherently chiral ionic liquids for electrochemical enantiodifferentiation

Configurationally stable 5-aza[6]helicene (1) was envisaged as a promising scaffold for non-conventional ionic liquids (IL)s. It was prepared, purified, and separated into enantiomers by preparative HPLC on a chiral stationary phase. Enantiomerically pure quaternary salts of 1 with appropriate counterions were prepared and fully characterized. N-octyl-5-aza[6]helicenium bis triflimidate (2) was tested in very small quantities as a selector in achiral IL media to perform preliminary electrochemical enantiodifferentiation experiments on the antipodes of two different chiral probes. The new organic salt exhibited outstanding enantioselection performance with respect to these probes, thus opening the way to applications in the enantioselective electroanalysis of relevant bioactive molecules