Coccidian parasites from birds at rehabilitation centers in Portugal, with notes on Avispora bubonis in Old World

Research Areas: Parasitology; Veterinary SciencesArticle in International JournalABSTRACT - Portugal has some rehabilitation centers for wild animals, which are responsible for the rehabilitation and reintroduction of birds, among other animals, into the wild. Coccidian parasites of these wild birds in rehabilitation centers are especially important because these centers can introduce coccidian species into new environments through the reintroduction of their respective hosts. In this context, the current study aimed to identify intestinal coccidia from wild birds at two rehabilitation centers for wild animals located in two municipalities of Portugal. Eighty-nine wild birds of 9 orders and 11 families were sampled, of which 22 (25%) were positive for Coccidia. Avispora spp. were found in raptors. Sporocysts of Sarcocystinae subfamily were recovered from owls. An Isospora sp. was found in Turdus merula Linnaeus, 1758, and an Eimeria sp. was found in Fulica atra Linnaeus, 1758. Among the coccidian species, Avispora bubonis (Cawthorn, Stockdale, 1981) can be highlighted. The finding of this species indicates that transmission of coccidians from the New World to the Old World may be occurring, potentially through dispersion by Bubo scandiacus (Linnaeus, 1758) through Arctic regions or by means of anthropic activities, and/or through other unknown mechanisms.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Evaluation of the electrical conductivity of forest seeds after digestive tract of wild birds

The production of seedlings encompasses the need for knowledge of plant physiology, mainly related to seeds and their minutiae. The seed is the vehicle that carries the full genetic potential of a cultivar with superior characteristics. Vigor can be described as that seed property that determines its emergence under unfavorable conditions. According to the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA). The process of reforestation can happen through the production of seedlings and, through seed dispersal, this can occur due to the action of the plant itself (autochory), water (hydrochory), wind (anemochory), animals (zoochory), etc. The current work aimed to investigate the feasibility of using the individual electrical conductivity test to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds of forest species after passage through the digestive tract of wild birds. The results allowed inferring that the forest seeds after digestive tract of wild birds presented low electrical conductivity at the individual level. Thus, the seeds in study no presented loss force after digestive tract of wild birds.  Therefore, the birds only performed the role of individual dispersant

Avaliação do vigor de sementes de Tournefortia paniculata Cham. pós-trato digestório do tiê-preto Tachyphonus coronatus (Vieillot, 1822)

Endozoochory (dispersion with passage through the digestive system of animals) is one of the most important processes. It is included in the ecological process known as dispersive mutualism, benefit the species involved. The most used method to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds is carried out based on the traditional germination test. However, electrical conductivity tests with seeds of forest species are still scarce, especially those developed with the individual method, which provide greater fidelity to the results so that through this one can define the test by the mass methods. The current work aimed to investigate the vigor, from the electrical conductivity of the seeds of Tournefortia paniculata Cham. after passage through the digestive tract of a ruby-crowned tanager Tachyphonus coronatus (Vieillot, 1822). An expedition was conducted in a fragmented area of Atlantic Forest in process of reforestation in the campus of the IFRJ. After the capture of the passerine with mist nets, proceeded the identification of seeds shed in its feces. The experimental design was completely randomized with one treatments with five replicates. The results allowed concluded that the seed of the T. paniculata Cham. after digestive tract of the ruby-crowned tanager presented high electrical conductivity in three of its replicates at the individual level. Endozoocoria (dispersão com passagem pelo sistema digestivo de animais) é um dos processos mais importantes. Está incluído no processo ecológico conhecido como mutualismo dispersivo, beneficiando as espécies envolvidas. O método mais utilizado para avaliar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes é realizado com base no tradicional teste de germinação. Entretanto, os testes de condutividade elétrica com sementes de espécies florestais ainda são escassos, especialmente aqueles desenvolvidos com o método individual, que proporcionam maior fidelidade aos resultados para que, através deste, seja possível definir o teste pelos métodos de massa. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o vigor, a partir da condutividade elétrica das sementes de Tournefortia paniculata Cham. após passagem pelo trato digestório de um tiê-preto Tachyphonus coronatus (Vieillot, 1822). Uma expedição foi realizada em uma área fragmentada da Mata Atlântica em processo de reflorestamento no campus do IFRJ. Após a captura da ave com redes de neblina, procedeu-se à identificação das sementes eliminadas em suas fezes. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com um tratamento com cinco repetições. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a semente de T. paniculata após trato digestivo do tiê-preto apresentou alta condutividade elétrica em três de suas réplicas no nível individual

Densidade parasitária e potencial ornitocórico de aves silvestres: resultados preliminares de um projeto de pesquisa e extensão realizado em área de reflorestamento no Campus IFRJ, Pinheiral, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

This publication aims to disseminate to the scientific community and society in general, the project of the same title of this publication that is under development by the collaboration of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ) and the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de aneiro (UFRRJ). Briefly, this project aims to quantify and identify parasites of the body surface (ectoparasites) and intestinal parasites (enteroparasites) of wild birds, which should be related to their biological and ecological conditions, and to evaluate the dispersal seed process performed by birds (ornithocoria), the viability and development of these seeds and thus establish the degree of importance of ornithocoria in reforestation at the IFRJ campus of Pinheiral, RJ. The project includes the integration of five doctoral professors, a laboratory technician doctor, as well as a postdoctoral student, four doctoral students, one master student, two undergraduate students and four technical high school students. To date, six expeditions have been made in the reforestation area of the Espaço Ecológico Educativo (EEcoE) of the IFRJ campus in Pinheiral, RJ, where a total of 196 wild birds have been captured, evaluated, ringed and recorded at the Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres (CEMAVE), of which 29 were recaptured for revaluations. Four articles were published on the themes of parasitology and ornithochory in wild birds. Two practical short courses in the area of study were taught in September 2018 and February 2019 to IFRJ students, but open to the scientific community and society at large. Currently the project is not expected to end, since there are plenty of unpublished and relevant results in both the area of parasitology and ornithochory of wild birds.A presente publicação tem por objetivo divulgar, à comunidade científica e à sociedade em geral, o projeto de mesmo título desta publicação que está em desenvolvimento em colaboração dos Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ) e Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). Resumidamente, este projeto objetiva quantificar e identificar parasitas da superfície corporal (ectoparasitas) e parasitas intestinais (enteroparasitas) de aves silvestres, os quais devem estar relacionados às suas condições biológicas e ecológicas, além de avaliar o processo de dispersão de sementes desempenhado pelas aves (ornitocoria), a viabilidade e desenvolvimento destas sementes e, desta forma, estabelecer o grau de importância da ornitocoria no reflorestamento no campus IFRJ de Pinheiral, RJ. O projeto conta com a integração de cinco professores doutores, uma doutora técnica de laboratório, além de um pós-doutorando, quatro doutorandos, um mestrando, dois estudantes de iniciação científica e quatro estudantes de ensino médio-técnico. Até o presente momento, foram realizadas seis expedições na área em reflorestamento do Espaço Ecológico Educativo (EEcoE) do campus IFRJ em Pinheiral, RJ, onde o total de 196 aves silvestres foram capturadas, avaliadas, anilhadas e registradas no Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres (CEMAVE), das quais 29 foram recapturadas para reavaliações. Quatro artigos foram publicados nos temas de parasitologia e ornitocoria em aves silvestres. Dois minicursos práticos, na área de estudo, foram ministrados em setembro de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019 para alunos do IFRJ, porém aberto para a comunidade científica e sociedade em geral. Atualmente o projeto não tem previsão para término, desde que há abundância de resultados inéditos e relevantes tanto na área de parasitologia, quanto ornitocoria em aves silvestres

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Studies on coccidian oocysts (Apicomplexa: Eucoccidiorida)

The oocysts of the coccidia are robust structures, frequently isolated from the feces or urine of their hosts, which provide resistance to mechanical damage and allow the parasites to survive and remain infective for prolonged periods. The diagnosis of coccidiosis, species description and systematics, are all dependent upon characterization of the oocyst. Therefore, this review aimed to the provide a critical overview of the methodologies, advantages and limitations of the currently available morphological, morphometrical and molecular biology based approaches that may be utilized for characterization of these important structures. It has become apparent that no single methodology is sufficient to fully characterize these structures and the majority of researchers favor the use of combinational or polyphasic approaches

Eimeria psittacarae n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeiriidae) from white-eyed parakeets Psittacara leucophthalmus (Müller, 1776) (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae) kept for rehabilitation and reintroduction in the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Southeastern Brazil

Tucunduva, Priscila, Rodrigues, Mariana Borges, Carvalho, Raquel Batista Junger De, Berto, Bruno Pereira (2018): Eimeria psittacarae n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeiriidae) from white-eyed parakeets Psittacara leucophthalmus (Müller, 1776) (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae) kept for rehabilitation and reintroduction in the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4459 (1): 164-170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4459.1.

Periodicidade e intensidade de oocistos do gênero Isospora Schneider, 1881 eliminados nas fezes de passeriformes oriundos do tráfico de animais silvestres e mantidos em quarentena.

Frequência diurna tem sido observada em espécies de parasitos intestinais, especialmente no gênero Isospora Schneider, 1881 em aves selvagens, que eliminam oocistos nas fezes mais frequentemente no final da tarde. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a periodicidade e a eliminação de oocistos por pássaros mantidos no Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil triagem. Amostras de uma defecação foram coletadas de 602 pássaros, no período da manhã entre 9 e 12h e à tarde entre 15 e 17h, de maio a novembro de 2010. As amostras foram diluídas em dicromato de potássio a 2,5% 1: 6 (v/v) e incubou-se à temperatura ambiente durante sete dias. De cada amostra foi também determinada a OoPD (número de oocistos por defecação), onde observou –se que as amostras fecais coletadas na parte da manhã tiveram um número menor de amostras positivas (12/2%) em comparação com àquelas coletadas no fim da tarde os quais apresentaram um maior número de amostras positivas (136/23%), da mesma forma, que os OoPDs de pássaros das famílias Cardinalidae, Emberizidae e Thraupidae também foram diferentes em intensidade. Ambos os resultados indicaram que a periodicidade e a intensidade de oocistos em passeriformes foram extremamente significativas (p<0,0001), quando eles foram determinados usando amostras coletadas no período da tarde