The state of theory in three premier advertising journals : a research note

Despite its importance, little is known about the prevalence of theory in the literature on advertising research. Utilising a content analysis of the three premier advertising journals over an 11-year period, it is found that only 17% of articles have made explicit use of theory. Psychology is the discipline from which the greatest number of articles drew their theoretical frameworks, followed by sociology and economics – indeed, theories from marketing and advertising are in the minority. Limitations are noted and implications of the results are discussed.peer-reviewe

Animal exploitation in the Upper Tigris River valley (Turkey) between the 3rd and the 1st millennia BC

The prehistory and ancient history of the Upper Tigris River valley (in southern Turkey) was poorly known until recently, due to a lack of archaeological researches. Since the last decade, numerous research projects are taking place in this area in order to document the cultural heritage which will be flooded by the lake of the Ilısu Dam in a near future. Despite the recent growth of archaeological investigations between the cities of Bismil and Siirt, many important fields of research haven’t been targeted yet. It is the case for one of the main socioeconomic components of ancient societies: the exploitation of resources from animal origin. This large field of research encompasses many issues related to, among others, the use of the landscape, the economic system and the existence of cultural constraints. In order to answer these questions, the faunal remains from seven settlements were studied. These sites are located on the banks of the Tigris, Botan and Bitlis Rivers. Assemblages were selected from layers dated from the 3rd to the 1st millennia BC. This chronological range has the advantage to be represented in all the selected sites. It was also a period of rapid changes in the political background of the region, with well-defined economic and cultural entities. The study of the faunal remains enables to compare all these settlements in terms of subsistence strategies and socioeconomic choices. It appeared that a diversity of animal exploitation patterns existed in all the chronological phases considered. Besides the exploitation of the main domestic mammals such as cattle, pig and sheep and goat, the exploitations of red deer and equid were important variables. It is argued here that this variability is related to peculiar choices made by the communities inhabiting these settlements. Depending on the period, these choices seem to have been influenced by local environmental conditions on one hand and economic specializations on another hand. The variability in the patterns of animal exploitation should be taken into account when the issue of subsistence strategy is discussed at an inter-regional scale. Indeed, the Upper Tigris area, and especially the small rural settlements studied here, shows a picture much less homogeneous than expected. It is also argued that small settlements embedded in a rural environment should be also studied beside the main large urban settlements. These smaller settlements played an important role in the socioeconomic complexity of the Bronze and Iron Age. Finally, it is argued that small faunal assemblages have a great analytical value when they are studied by the same researcher in order to increase the possibility to compare them with each other. Considering several assemblages together, as it is possible in case of large-scale salvage programs, enables, with the help of multivariate analyses, to confirm the reliability of the patterns observed

Maternal Antibiotic-Induced Early Changes in Microbial Colonization Selectively Modulate Colonic Permeability and Inducible Heat Shock Proteins, and Digesta Concentrations of Alkaline Phosphatase and TLR-Stimulants in Swine Offspring

Elevated intake of high energy diets is a risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases and obesity. High fat diets cause alterations in colonic microbiota composition and increase gut permeability to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, and subsequent low-grade chronic inflammation in mice. Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases are increasing worldwide and may involve alterations in microbiota-host dialog. Metabolic disorders appearing in later life are also suspected to reflect changes in early programming. However, how the latter affects the colon remains poorly studied. Here, we hypothesized that various components of colonic physiology, including permeability, ion exchange and protective inducible heat shock proteins (HSP) are influenced in the short- and long-terms by early disturbances in microbial colonization. The hypothesis was tested in a swine model. Offspring were born to control mothers (n = 12) or mothers treated with the antibiotic (ATB) amoxicillin around parturition (n = 11). Offspring were slaughtered between 14 and 42 days of age to study short-term effects. For long-term effects, young adult offspring from the same litters consumed a normal or a palm oil-enriched diet for 4 weeks between 140 and 169 days of age. ATB treatment transiently modified maternal fecal microbiota although the minor differences observed for offspring colonic microbiota were nonsignificant. In the short-term, consistently higher HSP27 and HSP70 levels and transiently increased horseradish peroxidase permeability in ATB offspring colon were observed. Importantly, long-term consequences included reduced colonic horseradish peroxidase permeability, and increased colonic digesta alkaline phosphatase (AP) and TLR2- and TLR4-stimulant concentrations in rectal digesta in adult ATB offspring. Inducible HSP27 and HSP70 did not change. Interactions between early ATB treatment and later diet were noted for paracellular permeability and concentrations of colonic digesta AP. In conclusion, our data suggest that early ATB-induced changes in bacterial colonization modulate important aspects of colonic physiology in the short- and longterms

Energy Resolution Performance of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The energy resolution performance of the CMS lead tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter is presented. Measurements were made with an electron beam using a fully equipped supermodule of the calorimeter barrel. Results are given both for electrons incident on the centre of crystals and for electrons distributed uniformly over the calorimeter surface. The electron energy is reconstructed in matrices of 3 times 3 or 5 times 5 crystals centred on the crystal containing the maximum energy. Corrections for variations in the shower containment are applied in the case of uniform incidence. The resolution measured is consistent with the design goals

Immaterial matters : strategic mode and the management of intangibles

This thesis focuses on the strategic management of intangibles. It is composed of five articles and addresses two fundamental questions in strategic marketing: first, how to achieve market success; and second, how to manage intangibles. The former takes the process view of strategy, the latter the resource based view; the thesis then goes onto integrate the two perspectives. The achievement of marketing success focuses on strategic mode, and the first article in the dissertation explores the relationship between strategic mode and business performance. The management of intangibles looks at brands and relationships. Thus, the second article in the thesis focuses on how to achieve market success through branding, whilst the third article looks at the value precursors of business relationships in international ecommerce. Articles four and five explore the intersection of strategic mode and the management of intangibles by developing a conceptual framework for the strategic positioning of services in two disparate industries: medicine and the music industry.Godkänd; 2007; 20071128 (ysko

Technology or customer orientations : theory and scale development

Bibliography: leaves 105-118.The issue of the relationship between innovation and market orientation is a vexing yet vital problem for researcher and practitioner alike. The recent strategic management and marketing literatures have featured an ongoing debate concerning these philosophies as guiding templates for the way in which organisations conduct their business activity. This dissertation takes as its theme this central tension. Specifically, it focuses on the dialectic between marketing and innovation. The contrast between serving and creating customers is explored and the sometimes-uneasy relationship between an innovation and a customer orientation is examined in the light of both philosophical origin and contemporary research. From this discussion, a model that provides an inclusive paradigm is developed. The resulting archetypes and their inter-relationships are then discussed and related to the different strategies that firms have used to resolve the tension. The dissertation then explores the dynamics of the change process for several well-known companies, based on the insights generated by the model. Managerial implications of the model are explored, with a particular emphasis on how new technology is changing the desirability of alternative strategies. Having specified and explored the model on a conceptual level, the dissertation then goes on to operationalize the framework. Specifically, a measurement scale to assess the extent to which a firm or a business corresponds to a particular archetype is developed. Tests of reliability and validity are conducted. The results indicate in four clearly defied factors that correspond to the archetypes in the model. The use of the model and scale for management and academics are discussed