Bioactivities of Ethanolic Extract and its Fractions of Cistus laurifolius L. (Cistaceae) and Salvia wiedemannii Boiss. (Lamiaceae) Species.

Cistus laurifolius L. (Cistaceae) and Salvia wiedemannii Boiss. (Lamiaceae) have been used for treatment of some illnesses in Turkish folk medicine. In the present study, the ethanolic extract and its fractions obtained using re-extraction by hexane (Hx), chloroform (CHCl3), butanol, and remaining-water (r-H2O) of C. laurifolius were screened for their in vitro bioactivities

Effects of Fixed and Removable Space Maintainers on Plaque Accumulation, Periodontal Health, Candidal and Enterococcus Faecalis Carriage

WOS: 000356965800002PubMed: 26044443Objective: To evaluate the effects of space maintainers on plaque accumulation, periodontal health and oral microflora. Subjects and Methods: The study participants comprised 38 patients aged 4-10 years requiring either fixed or removable space maintainers. Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing index, candidal colonization and Enterococcus faecalis were recorded just before the application of space maintainers (T0) and during treatment at the 1st (T1), 3rd (T2) and 6th (T3) month. Results: The gingival and bleeding on probing index scores increased significantly (gingival index from 0.20 +/- 0254 to 0.54 +/- 0417 and bleeding on probing index from 7.18 +/- 9.946 to 18.07 +/- 14.074) in the regions with fixed space maintainers at T3 (p < 0.01). The mean Candida counts also increased (for removable appliances from 1.90 +/- 3.638 to 1.98 +/- 3.318, p < 0.05, and for fixed appliances from 4.25 +/- 4.587 to 4.52 +/- 4.431, p < 0.001). The salivary E. faecalis counts at T3 also increased significantly with the use of fixed and removable appliances (for removable appliances from 5.93 +/- 2.65 to 85.53 +/- 34.1 and for fixed appliances from 4.95 +/- 2.94 to 123.59 +/- 29.51, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between the plaque (r = 0.67), gingival (r = 0.76) and bleeding on probing index scores (r = 0.76) and the candidal colonization for the fixed space maintainers (p < 0.01, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this study, both fixed and removable space maintainers led to an increase in the number of microorganisms in the oral cavity as well as to increases in the periodontal index scores. Patients should be informed that space maintainers may serve as a source of infection and that special attention must be given to their oral hygiene. (C) 2015 S. Karger AG, Base

The effect of space maintainers on salivary pH, flow rate, and the oral microflora

Background: Space maintainers are used to preserve created space caused by the premature loss of primary teeth but they may also upset the oral environment and play a role in caries formation. The current research aimed to assess the impact of removable and fixed space maintainers on salivary pH, flow rate, and the oral microflora

Bioactivities of Ethanolic Extract and its Fractions of Cistus laurifolius L. (Cistaceae) and Salvia wiedemannii Boiss. (Lamiaceae) Species

Background: Cistus laurifolius L. (Cistaceae) and Salvia wiedemannii Boiss. (Lamiaceae) have been used for treatment of some illnesses in Turkish folk medicine. In the present study, the ethanolic extract and its fractions obtained using re-extraction by hexane (Hx), chloroform (CHCl3), butanol, and remaining-water (r-H2O) of C. laurifolius were screened for their in vitro bioactivities. Materials and Methods: Activities were determined against both standard and the isolated strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, as well as yeasts such as Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis by microdilution method. Also, antiviral activity of C. laurifolius and S. wiedemannii extracts were tested on herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) using Madin-Darby bovine kidney and vero cell lines. Results: Tested extracts of C. laurifolius (minimum inhibitory concentration 32 mu g/mL) exerted a strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria of E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii. Conclusion: The Hx extract of C. laurifolius (cytopathogenic effect of 32-8 mu g/mL) had antiviral activity on PI-3. Also, the r-H2O, CHCl3, and ethanol extracts (16-<0.25 mu g/mL) of S. wiedemannii had significant antiviral activity on HSV-1, same as control

Vertical and Horizontal Transmission of Streptococcus Mutans and Effective Factors: An In Vivo Study

Aim: The degree of vertical (intrafamilial) and horizontal (extrafamilial) transfer of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) to a child shows differences according to cultures. The wrong care habits may result in transfer of S. mutans. The aim of this study was to determine the vertical and horizontal transmission of S. mutans to a child and effective factors

A comparative evaluation of Juniperus species with antimicrobial magistrals

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro bioactivity of the active ingredient in selected antimicrobial magistral drug formulations and plant extracts used in folk medicine, comparatively. The active ingredients of magistrals such as; boric acid, balsam of Peru, zinc oxide, Calendula tincture, thymol, resorcinol, crystal violet were used as well as fruit or leaf extracts of Juniperus excelsa (Je), J. sabina (Js), J .foetidissima (#), J. communis ssp. nana (Jcsn), and J. oxycedrus spp. oxycedrus ripe (Joso) to determine the antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria (S. pyogenes, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis), gram negative bacteria (K. pneumoniae, H. influenza, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, E. cob), and fungi (Candida. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei) by using microdilution method. The inhibition end point of the minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) were determined as mu g mL(-1). The active ingredient and plant extracts have shown antibacterial and antifungal activities with a MIC values of 1->128 mu gmL(-1). The active ingredient crystal violet (MIC; 1 mu s mL(-1)) as well as Je- fruit ethanol, Jf-leaf and fruit ethanol, Joso-leaf and fruit ethanol extracts (MIC; 16 mu gmL(-1)) have exhibited the highest antimicrobial activities (MIC; 16 mu g rnL(-1)). Although ingredients of magistrals seem to exert similar antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis (MIC; 32 mu gmL(-1)), thymol and resorcinol were observed to be more active against C. krusei (MIC., 16 mu g mL(-1)). Extracts were more pronounced against P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and S. epidermidis (MIC ranging from 16 to 32). In the mine time, the extracts showed equal antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis (MIC; 16 mu g mL(-1)). In our study, antimicrobial activity of the natural compounds and ingredients of selected magistrals have found to be promising with MIC values of 16-32 mu g mL(-1). According to the results of our antimicrobial activity studies, utilization of Juniperus extracts in antimicrobial magistral formulations can be suggested

Effects of Fixed and Removable Space Maintainers on Plaque Accumulation, Periodontal Health, Candidal and Enterococcus Faecalis Carriage

Objective: To evaluate the effects of space maintainers on plaque accumulation, periodontal health and oral microflora. Subjects and Methods: The study participants comprised 38 patients aged 4-10 years requiring either fixed or removable space maintainers. Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing index, candidal colonization and Enterococcus faecalis were recorded just before the application of space maintainers (T0) and during treatment at the 1st (T1), 3rd (T2) and 6th (T3) month. Results: The gingival and bleeding on probing index scores increased significantly (gingival index from 0.20 +/- 0254 to 0.54 +/- 0417 and bleeding on probing index from 7.18 +/- 9.946 to 18.07 +/- 14.074) in the regions with fixed space maintainers at T3 (p < 0.01). The mean Candida counts also increased (for removable appliances from 1.90 +/- 3.638 to 1.98 +/- 3.318, p < 0.05, and for fixed appliances from 4.25 +/- 4.587 to 4.52 +/- 4.431, p < 0.001). The salivary E. faecalis counts at T3 also increased significantly with the use of fixed and removable appliances (for removable appliances from 5.93 +/- 2.65 to 85.53 +/- 34.1 and for fixed appliances from 4.95 +/- 2.94 to 123.59 +/- 29.51, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between the plaque (r = 0.67), gingival (r = 0.76) and bleeding on probing index scores (r = 0.76) and the candidal colonization for the fixed space maintainers (p < 0.01, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this study, both fixed and removable space maintainers led to an increase in the number of microorganisms in the oral cavity as well as to increases in the periodontal index scores. Patients should be informed that space maintainers may serve as a source of infection and that special attention must be given to their oral hygiene. (C) 2015 S. Karger AG, Base

Antimicrobial effect of the extracts from Hypericum perforatum against oral bacteria and biofilm formation

Context: One traditional medicines, Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae), possesses several beneficial effects against depression, ulcers, dyspepsia, abdominal pains, burns, bacterial infections, migraine headaches, and sciatica. Objective: The present study investigates the antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract (HP-EtOH) of H. perforatum and its sub-extracts, namely n-hexane (HP-hexane), chloroform (HP-CHCl3), ethyl acetate (HP-EtOAc), n-butanol (HP-n-BuOH), and water (HP-H2O) extracts, against Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and methods: For the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity, flowering aerial parts of H. perforatum were extracted with EtOH and then this extract was fractionated to obtain five sub-extracts in different polarities. Antimicrobial activities of HP-EtOH and its sub-extracts against Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, L. plantarum, and E. faecalis were assessed by using colorimetric micro-well dilution at concentration ranges of 64-0.5 mu g/ml as well as resazurin microplate and modified microtiter-plate assays between the ranges of 100 and 0.78125 mu g/ml. Results: According to the results of the present study, HP-H2O sub-extract displayed strong antibacterial activity (MIC values 8 mu g/mL) against S. sobrinus and L. plantarum, and exerted moderate activity against S. mutans and E. faecalis at 32 and 16 mu g/mL concentrations, respectively. Other sub-extracts also demonstrated antimicrobial activity against S. sobrinus at a concentration of 16 mu g/mL. HP-EtOAc and HP-n-BuOH showed antimicrobial activity against L. plantarum and HP-EtOAc and HP-H2O were also active against E. faecalis at the same concentrations (16 mu g/mL). Conclusion: According to the results, we suggest that H. perforatum could be employed as a natural antibacterial agent in oral care products

Effects of biomass smoke on pulmonary functions: a case control study

Background: Biomass smoke is the leading cause of COPD in developing countries such as Turkey. In rural areas of Turkey, females are more exposed to biomass smoke because of traditional lifestyles. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the adverse effects of biomass smoke on pulmonary functions and define the relationship between duration in years and an index (cumulative exposure index) with altered pulmonary function test results. Participants and methods: A total of 115 females who lived in the village of Kagizman (a borough of Kars located in the eastern part of Turkey) and were exposed to biomass smoke were included in the study. The control group was generated with 73 individuals living in the same area who were never exposed to biomass smoke. Results: Twenty-seven (23.8%) females in the study group and four (5.5%) in the control group had small airway disease (P=0.038). Twenty-two (19.1%) females in the study group and ten (13.7%) in the control group had obstruction (P=0.223). Twenty (17.3%) females in the study group who were exposed to biomass smoke had restriction compared with ten (13%) in the control group (P=0.189). The duration needed for the existence of small airway disease was 16 years, for obstructive airway disease was 17 years, and for restrictive airway disease was 17 years. The intensity of biomass smoke was defined in terms of cumulative exposure index; it was calculated by multiplying hours per day, weeks per month, and total years of smoke exposure and dividing the result by three. Conclusion: Exposure to biomass smoke is a serious public health problem, especially in rural areas of developing countries, because of its negative effects on pulmonary functions. As the duration and the intensity of exposure increase, the probability of having altered pulmonary function test results is higher