TRIBUNAL ARBITRAL DE AVILA S.A.S y HAPIL INGENIERÍA S.A.S VS. SOCIEDAD PUERTO INDUSTRIAL AGUADULCE S.A.

12888

Isolation and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Spanish sheep flocks

[EN] Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a major cause of abortion in small ruminants and presents a zoonotic risk when undercooked meat containing cysts is consumed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity among the T. gondii strains circulating in ovine livestock in Spain. Methods: Selected samples collected from abortion outbreaks due to toxoplasmosis (n = 31) and from chronically infected adult sheep at slaughterhouses (n = 50) in different Spanish regions were bioassayed in mice, aiming at parasite isolation. In addition, all original clinical samples and the resulting isolates were genotyped by multi-nested PCR-RFLP analysis of 11 molecular markers and by PCR-DNA sequencing of portions of the SAG3, GRA6 and GRA7 genes. Results: As a result, 30 isolates were obtained from 9 Spanish regions: 10 isolates from abortion-derived samples and 20 isolates from adult myocardial tissues. Overall, 3 genotypes were found: ToxoDB#3 (type II PRU variant) in 90% (27/30) of isolates, ToxoDB#2 (clonal type III) in 6.7% (2/30), and ToxoDB#1 (clonal type II) in 3.3% (1/30). When T. gondii-positive tissue samples (n = 151) were directly subjected to RFLP genotyping, complete restriction profiles were obtained for 33% of samples, and up to 98% of the specimens belonged to the type II PRU variant. A foetal brain showed a clonal type II pattern, and four specimens showed unexpected type I alleles at the SAG3 marker, including two foetal brains that showed I + II alleles as co-infection events. Amplicons of SAG3, GRA6 and GRA7 obtained from isolates and clinical samples were subjected to sequencing, allowing us to confirm RFLP results and to detect different single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Conclusions: The present study informed the existence of a predominant type II PRU variant genotype (ToxoDB#3) infecting domestic sheep in Spain, in both abortion cases and chronic infections in adults, coexisting with other clonal (ToxoDB#1 and ToxoDB#2), much less frequent genotypes, as well as polymorphic strains as revealed by clinical sample genotyping. The use of multilocus sequence typing aided in accurately estimating T. gondii intragenotype diversitySIThis research was supported by projects funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AGL2016-75935-C2-R) and the Community of Madrid (PLATESA2-CM-P2018/BAA-4370). MF and RC were funded by UCMSantander/ 2017 pre-doctoral grants, and PLATESA2 post-doctoral grants, respectively. CG was funded by DGAPA, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). RC, EC and LO are part of the TOXOSOURCES consortium, supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No. 773830: One Health European Joint Programm

Isolation and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Spanish sheep flocks

© The Author(s) 2020.[Background]: Toxoplasma gondii is a major cause of abortion in small ruminants and presents a zoonotic risk when undercooked meat containing cysts is consumed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity among the T. gondii strains circulating in ovine livestock in Spain.[Methods]: Selected samples collected from abortion outbreaks due to toxoplasmosis (n = 31) and from chronically infected adult sheep at slaughterhouses (n = 50) in different Spanish regions were bioassayed in mice, aiming at parasite isolation. In addition, all original clinical samples and the resulting isolates were genotyped by multi-nested PCR-RFLP analysis of 11 molecular markers and by PCR-DNA sequencing of portions of the SAG3, GRA6 and GRA7 genes.[Results]: As a result, 30 isolates were obtained from 9 Spanish regions: 10 isolates from abortion-derived samples and 20 isolates from adult myocardial tissues. Overall, 3 genotypes were found: ToxoDB#3 (type II PRU variant) in 90% (27/30) of isolates, ToxoDB#2 (clonal type III) in 6.7% (2/30), and ToxoDB#1 (clonal type II) in 3.3% (1/30). When T. gondii-positive tissue samples (n = 151) were directly subjected to RFLP genotyping, complete restriction profiles were obtained for 33% of samples, and up to 98% of the specimens belonged to the type II PRU variant. A foetal brain showed a clonal type II pattern, and four specimens showed unexpected type I alleles at the SAG3 marker, including two foetal brains that showed I + II alleles as co-infection events. Amplicons of SAG3, GRA6 and GRA7 obtained from isolates and clinical samples were subjected to sequencing, allowing us to confirm RFLP results and to detect different single-nucleotide polymorphisms.[Conclusions]: The present study informed the existence of a predominant type II PRU variant genotype (ToxoDB#3) infecting domestic sheep in Spain, in both abortion cases and chronic infections in adults, coexisting with other clonal (ToxoDB#1 and ToxoDB#2), much less frequent genotypes, as well as polymorphic strains as revealed by clinical sample genotyping. The use of multilocus sequence typing aided in accurately estimating T. gondii intragenotype diversity.This research was supported by projects funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AGL2016-75935-C2-R) and the Community of Madrid (PLATESA2-CM-P2018/BAA-4370). MF and RC were funded by UCM-Santander/2017 pre-doctoral grants, and PLATESA2 post-doctoral grants, respectively. CG was funded by DGAPA, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). RC, EC and LO are part of the TOXOSOURCES consortium, supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No. 773830: One Health European Joint Programme.Peer reviewe

Lifestyle and Treatment Adherence Intervention after a Coronary Event Based on an Interactive Web Application (EVITE): Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Protocol

Coronary heart disease is one of the main causes of morbimortality around the world. Patients that survive a coronary event suffer a high risk of readmission, relapse and mortality, attributed to the sub-optimal control of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), which highlights the need to improve secondary prevention strategies aimed at improving their lifestyle and adherence to treatment. Through a randomized controlled clinical trial, this study aims to evaluate the effect of an intervention involving an online health application supported by a mobile telephone or tablet (mHealth) on lifestyle (diet, physical activity, and tobacco consumption) and treatment adherence among people with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention. The sample will comprise 240 subjects (120 in each arm: intervention and usual care). They are assessed immediately and nine months after their hospital discharge about sociodemographic, clinical, CVRF, lifestyle, and treatment adherence characteristics. The educative intervention, involving a follow-up and self-monitoring, will be performed using an online mHealth tool consisting of an application for mobile phones and tablets. The quantitative primary outcomes from the two groups will be compared using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for age and gender. A multivariate analysis will be performed to examine the association of the intervention with lifestyle habits, the control of CVRFs, and outcomes after discharge in terms of the use of health services, emergency visits, cardiovascular events and readmissions.Andalusian Ministry of Health and Families, Spain. Public funding. PI-0067-2018. JA Tur is funded by CIBEROBN (CB12/03/30038)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III and cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund

Acondicionamiento de becerros previo a la recría bajo pastoreo en trópico seco: efectos sobre el peso corporal y la condición sanitaria

Se realizaron tres experimentos (2 en época seca y 1 en época de lluvias) utilizando 96 becerros (Simmental X Cebú) para evaluar el efecto del acondicionamiento realizado durante 112 días (del día 28 predestete al día 84 posdestete). En cuatro períodos de 28 días cada uno, se evaluó peso y condición corporal de los animales, nitrógeno ureico (NU) y glucosa (GS) en suero sanguíneo, así como la incidencia de enfermedades (IE) de becerros en pastoreo. Resultados de peso corporal, ganancia de peso (GDP) acumulativa, NU y GS se evaluaron con ANOVA en un diseño factorial de 2 tratamientos x 2 sexos; IE se analizó con Ji-cuadrada. No hubo diferencia de peso (P=0.552) ni de CC (P=0.891) de las vacas debido a tratamientos. No hubo interacción acondicionamiento x sexo (P= 0.853) ni efecto de sexo (P=0.586) sobre el crecimiento de becerros (media=357 g/día). El acondicionamiento originó mejor GDP (507 vs 281 g/día; P=0.001) en la época seca y menor IE (P=0.001) que el tratamiento testigo. En época de lluvias el acondicionamiento incrementó 31 % el crecimiento en 112 días respecto al testigo (370 vs 281 g/día; P=0.026). Las concentraciones de NU (P=0.425) y GS (P=0.270) fueron similares entre tratamientos. En conclusión, el acondicionamiento de becerros mejoró la GDP posdestete, redujo la incidencia de enfermedades en becerros, y la disminución de peso y condición corporal en sus madres, durante la época seca. ABSTRAC Three experiments (two in the dry season and one in the rainy season) were conducted utilizing 96 Simmental x Zebu calves, with the aim to evaluate the effect of preconditioning during 112 d starting at d 28 preweaning. In four periods of 28 d each, body weight and body condition score of the animals, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glucose (SG) in serum, as well as disease frequency in grazing calves were evaluated. Data of BW, cumulative body weight gain (BWG) BUN, and SG were analyzed with ANOVA in a 2 treatments x 2 sex factorial arrangement; morbility was analyzed by Ji square. BW (P=0.552) and BCS (P=0.891) of nursing cows did not vary due to treatments. Interaction conditioning x sex was not significant (P=0.853), and sex did not influenced growth of calves (mean=357 g/d). Conditioning led to better BWG (507 vs 281 g/d; P=0.001) in the dry season and less morbility (P=0.001) than the control group. During the rainy season preconditioning increased 31 % the cumulative BWG in 112 d compared to control (370 vs 281 g/d; P=0.026). Concentrations of BUN (P=0.425) and SG (P=0.270) were similar between treatments. In conclusion, preconditioning of calves improved BWG postweaning, reduced morbility and loss of weight and BCS of lactating cows during the dry season

Seminario de Economía Mexicana

Serie de ponencias referentes al Seminario de Economía Mexicana. Memorias del Seminario de Economía Mexicana de 199

Impact of late presentation of HIV infection on short-, mid- and long-term mortality and causes of death in a multicenter national cohort: 2004–2013

SummaryObjectivesTo analyze the impact of late presentation (LP) on overall mortality and causes of death and describe LP trends and risk factors (2004–2013).MethodsCox models and logistic regression were used to analyze data from a nation-wide cohort in Spain. LP is defined as being diagnosed when CD4 < 350 cells/ml or AIDS.ResultsOf 7165 new HIV diagnoses, 46.9% (CI95%:45.7–48.0) were LP, 240 patients died.First-year mortality was the highest (aHRLP.vs.nLP = 10.3[CI95%:5.5–19.3]); between 1 and 4 years post-diagnosis, aHRLP.vs.nLP = 1.9(1.2–3.0); and >4 years, aHRLP.vs.nLP = 1.5(0.7–3.1).First-year's main cause of death was HIV/AIDS (73%); and malignancies among those surviving >4 years (32%). HIV/AIDS-related deaths were more likely in LP (59.2% vs. 25.0%; p < 0.001). LP declined from 55.9% (2004–05) to 39.4% (2012–13), and reduced in 46.1% in men who have sex with men (MSM) and 37.6% in heterosexual men, but increased in 22.6% in heterosexual women.Factors associated with LP: sex (ORMEN.vs.WOMEN = 1.4[1.2–1.7]); age (OR31–40.vs.<30 = 1.6[1.4–1.8], OR41–50.vs.<30 = 2.2[1.8–2.6], OR>50.vs.<30 = 3.6[2.9–4.4]); behavior (ORInjectedDrugUse.vs.MSM = 2.8[2.0–3.8]; ORHeterosexual.vs.MSM = 2.2[1.7–3.0]); education (ORPrimaryEducation.vs.University = 1.5[1.1–2.0], ORLowerSecondary.vs.University = 1.3[1.1–1.5]); and geographical origin (ORSub-Saharan.vs.Spain = 1.6[1.3–2.0], ORLatin-American.vs.Spain = 1.4[1.2–1.8]).ConclusionsLP is associated with higher mortality, especially short-term- and HIV/AIDS-related mortality. Mid-term-, but not long-term mortality, remained also higher in LP than nLP. LP decreased in MSM and heterosexual men, not in heterosexual women. The groups most affected by LP are low educated, non-Spanish and heterosexual women

Hacia una mayor eficacia en el arbitraje: control de tiempos y costos

Este texto es la compilación de las ponencias del congreso, dedicado principalmente a la eficacia del arbitraje, al problema de los costos y al problema de la duración de los procedimientos, realizado con motivo de la conmemoración de los 25 años del Centro de Arbitraje y Conciliación.Se realiza este evento en un momento muy especial, no solo en el campo internacional, sino para Colombia. En el ámbito mundial la crisis financiera que se ha desbordado desde la última parte del año anterior, ha ocasionado el incremento de la conflictividad mercantil internacional, como lo registran todos los medios de comunicación del mundo y lo señalan autorizados comentaristas y observadores

Lo glocal y el turismo. Nuevos paradigmas de interpretación.

El estudio del turismo se realiza desde múltiples escalas y enfoques, este libro aborda muchos temas que es necesario discutir desde diversas perspectivas; es el caso de la reflexión sobre la propia disciplina y sus conceptos, así como los asuntos específicos referidos al impacto territorial, los tipos de turismo, las cuestiones ambientales, el tema de la pobreza, la competitividad, las políticas públicas, el papel de las universidades, las áreas naturales protegidas, la sustentabilidad, la cultura, el desarrollo, la seguridad, todos temas centrales documentados y expuestos con originalidad y dominio del asunto. Lo multiescalar es básico para la comprensión del sistema turístico, sistema formado de procesos globales, regionales y locales. El eje de discusión del libro es lo glocal, esa interacción entre lo nacional y local con lo global

Educación para el siglo XXI: Derechos humanos, ciudadanía y diversidad sexual

172 p. Libro ElectrónicoEste libro recoge el resultado de la sistematización del programa “Maestros y maestras que inspiran” de la línea de Derechos humanos, ciudadanía y diversidad sexual. Estos documentos contienen los relatos de los docentes participantes, como resultado del trabajo dentro y fuera de las aulas en diferentes colegios del Distrito Capital. Los docentes narran sus experiencias desde los diversos contextos, así como las diferentes metodologías utilizadas todas con el fin de forta-lecer la ciudadanía, no solo de sus estudiantes, sino de ellos mismos, de padres y madres de familia y la comunidad en general. Finalmente nos cuentan, cuáles fueron los principales logros y las recomendacio-nes para otros docentes que quieran seguir sus pasos