Organización del Archivo Municipal de Villamar, Michoacán, México

101 páginasTrabajo fin de Máster dirigido por Oriel Gómez Mendoza. . La Organización de un Archivo Municipal desempeña un papel importante dentro de nuestra sociedad, por ello el propósito de este trabajo es dar a conocer cómo Organizar el Archivo Municipal de Villamar, Michoacán, México; dividido en diferentes apartados con la finalidad de dar seguimiento al proceso de Organización del Archivo Municipal. Así abordaremos el Archivo y la Gestión documental, donde se localiza el Municipio de Villamar, Organización del Archivo Clasificación y Ordenación de los documentos, los pasos a seguir para la creación de un Sistema de Archivo, Instalación de los documentos, Local, Material y Mobiliario. Por último se concluye con la Elaboración de Normas de Archivo y Servicios de los Documentos

Age-related metabolic changes limit efficacy of deoxynucleoside-based therapy in thymidine kinase 2-deficient mice

Thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) catalyses the phosphorylation of deoxythymidine (dThd) and deoxycytidine (dCtd) within mitochondria. TK2 deficiency leads to mtDNA depletion or accumulation of multiple deletions. In patients, TK2 mutations typically manifest as a rapidly progressive myopathy with infantile onset, leading to respiratory insufficiency and encephalopathy in the most severe clinical presentations. TK2-deficient mice develop the most severe form of the disease and die at average postnatal day 16. dThd+dCtd administration delayed disease progression and expanded lifespan of a knockin murine model of the disease. We daily administered TK2 knockout mice (Tk2 KO) from postnatal day 4 with equimolar doses of dThd+dCtd, dTMP+dCMP, dThd alone or dCtd alone. We monitored body weight and survival and studied different variables at 12 or 29 days of age. We determined metabolite levels in plasma and target tissues, mtDNA copy number in tissues, and the expression and activities of enzymes with a relevant role in mitochondrial dNTP anabolism or catabolism. dThd+dCtd treatment extended average lifespan of Tk2 KO mice from 16 to 34 days, attenuated growth retardation, and rescued mtDNA depletion in skeletal muscle and other target tissues of 12-day-old mice, except in brain. However, the treatment was ineffective in 29-day-old mice that still died prematurely. Bioavailability of dThd and dCtd markedly decreased during mouse development. Activity of enzymes catabolizing dThd and dCtd increased with age in small intestine. Conversely, the activity of the anabolic enzymes decreased in target tissues during mouse development. We also found that administration of dThd alone had the same impact on survival to that of dThd+dCtd, whereas dCtd alone had no influence on lifespan. dThd+dCtd treatment recruits alternative cytosolic salvage pathways for dNTP synthesis, suggesting that this therapy would be of benefit for any Tk2 mutation. dThd accounts for the therapeutic effect of the combined treatment in mice. During the first weeks after birth, mice experience marked tissue-specific metabolic regulations and ontogenetic changes in dNTP metabolism-related enzymes that limit therapeutic efficacy to early developmental stages. This study was funded by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Industry, Economy and Competitiveness, the Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III, the Fundación Inocente, Inocente, AFM Téléthon and the Generalitat de Catalunya. The disclosed funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Cross-cultural validation of the patient-practitioner orientation scale among primary care professionals in Spain

In recent decades, many self-report instruments have been developed to assess the extent to which patients want to be informed and involved in decisions about their health as part of the concept of person-centred care (PCC). The main objective of this research was to translate, adapt and validate the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) using a sample of primary care health-care professionals in Spain. Baseline analysis of PPOS scores for 321 primary care professionals (general practitioners and nurses) from 63 centres and 3 Spanish regions participating in a randomized controlled trial. We analysed missing values, distributions and descriptive statistics, item-to-scale correlations and internal consistency. Performed were confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the 2-factor model (sharing and caring dimensions), scale depuration and principal component analysis (PCA). Low inter-item correlations were observed, and the CFA 2-factor model only obtained a good fit to the data after excluding 8 items. Internal consistency of the 10-item PPOS was acceptable (0.77), but low for individual subscales (0.70 and 0.55). PCA results suggest a possible 3-factor structure. Participants showed a patient-oriented style (mean = 4.46, SD = 0.73), with higher scores for caring than sharing. Although the 2-factor model obtained empirical support, measurement indicators of the PPOS (caring dimension) could be improved. Spanish primary care health-care professionals overall show a patient-oriented attitude, although less marked in issues such as patients' need for and management of medical information

Prokaryotic Community Structure and Metabolisms in Shallow Subsurface of Atacama Desert Playas and Alluvial Fans After Heavy Rains: Repairing and Preparing for Next Dry Period

The Atacama Desert, the oldest and driest desert on Earth, displays significant rains only once per decade. To investigate how microbial communities take advantage of these sporadic wet events, we carried out a geomicrobiological study a few days after a heavy rain event in 2015. Different physicochemical and microbial community analyses were conducted on samples collected from playas and an alluvial fan from surface, 10, 20, 50, and 80 cm depth. Gravimetric moisture content peaks were measured in 10 and 20 cm depth samples (from 1.65 to 4.1% w/w maximum values) while, in general, main anions such as chloride, nitrate, and sulfate concentrations increased with depth, with maximum values of 13-1,125; 168-10,109; and 9,904-30,952 ppm, respectively. Small organic anions such as formate and acetate had maximum concentrations from 2.61 to 3.44 ppm and 6.73 to 28.75 ppm, respectively. Microbial diversity inferred from DNA analysis showed Actinobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria as the most abundant and widespread bacterial taxa among the samples, followed by Chloroflexi and Firmicutes at specific sites. Archaea were mainly dominated by Nitrososphaerales, Methanobacteria, with the detection of other groups such as Halobacteria. Metaproteomics showed a high and even distribution of proteins involved in primary metabolic processes such as energy production and biosynthetic pathways, and a limited but remarkable presence of proteins related to resistance to environmental stressors such as radiation, oxidation, or desiccation. The results indicated that extra humidity in the system allows the microbial community to repair, and prepare for the upcoming hyperarid period. Additionally, it supplies biomarkers to the medium whose preservation potential could be high under strong desiccation conditions and relevant for planetary exploration.Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional Grants [ESP2014-58494-R, ESP2015-69540-R, ESP2017-89053-C2-2-P]; NASA ASTEP "Life in the Atacama (LITA)" project [NNX11AJ87G]; NASA Astrobiology Institute Colaborative Agreement 7 (CAN-7) project [NNX15BB01A]; Comunidad de Madrid/European Union YEI program; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (MINECO); "Maria de Maeztu" program [MDM-2017-0737]Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Hypoxia Promotes Glycogen Accumulation through Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)-Mediated Induction of Glycogen Synthase 1

When oxygen becomes limiting, cells reduce mitochondrial respiration and increase ATP production through anaerobic fermentation of glucose. The Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs) play a key role in this metabolic shift by regulating the transcription of key enzymes of glucose metabolism. Here we show that oxygen regulates the expression of the muscle glycogen synthase (GYS1). Hypoxic GYS1 induction requires HIF activity and a Hypoxia Response Element within its promoter. GYS1 gene induction correlated with a significant increase in glycogen synthase activity and glycogen accumulation in cells exposed to hypoxia. Significantly, knockdown of either HIF1α or GYS1 attenuated hypoxia-induced glycogen accumulation, while GYS1 overexpression was sufficient to mimic this effect. Altogether, these results indicate that GYS1 regulation by HIF plays a central role in the hypoxic accumulation of glycogen. Importantly, we found that hypoxia also upregulates the expression of UTP:glucose-1-phosphate urydylyltransferase (UGP2) and 1,4-α glucan branching enzyme (GBE1), two enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of glycogen. Therefore, hypoxia regulates almost all the enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism in a coordinated fashion, leading to its accumulation. Finally, we demonstrated that abrogation of glycogen synthesis, by knock-down of GYS1 expression, impairs hypoxic preconditioning, suggesting a physiological role for the glycogen accumulated during chronic hypoxia. In summary, our results uncover a novel effect of hypoxia on glucose metabolism, further supporting the central importance of metabolic reprogramming in the cellular adaptation to hypoxia

Blood stasis imaging predicts cerebral microembolism during acute myocardial infarction

Background: Cardioembolic stroke is a major source of mortality and disability worldwide. The authors hypothesized that quantitative characterization of intracardiac blood stasis may be useful to determine cardioembolic risk in order to personalize anticoagulation therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between image-based metrics of blood stasis in the left ventricle and brain microembolism, a surrogate marker of cardiac embolism, in a controlled animal experimental model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). -- Methods: Intraventricular blood stasis maps were derived from conventional color Doppler echocardiography in 10 pigs during anterior AMI induced by sequential ligation of the mid and proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (AMI-1 and AMI-2 phases). From these maps, indices of global and local blood stasis were calculated, such as the average residence time and the size and ratio of contact with the endocardium of blood regions with long residence times. The incidence of brain microemboli (high-intensity transient signals [HITS]) was monitored using carotid Doppler ultrasound. -- Results: HITS were detected in 0%, 50%, and 90% of the animals at baseline and during AMI-1 and AMI-2 phases, respectively. The average residence time of blood in the left ventricle increased in parallel. The residence time performed well to predict microemboli (C-index = 0.89, 95% CI, 0.75–1.00) and closely correlated with the number of HITS (R = 0.87, P < .001). Multivariate and mediation analyses demonstrated that the number of HITS during AMI phases was best explained by stasis. Among conventional echocardiographic variables, only apical wall motion score weakly correlated with the number of HITS (R = 0.3, P = .04). Mural thrombosis in the left ventricle was ruled out in all animals. -- Conclusions: The degree of stasis of blood in the left ventricle caused by AMI is closely related to the incidence of brain microembolism. Therefore, stasis imaging is a promising tool for a patient-specific assessment of cardioembolic risk.This study was supported by grant PI15/02211, Rio Hortega (CM17/00144), and Juan Rodés fellowships (JR15/00039) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III; grant DPI2016-75706-P and a Juan de la Cierva fellowship (IJCI-2014-19507) from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; synergy grant Y2018/BIO-4858-PREFI-CM from Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid; the European Union - European Regional Development Fund; by the Spanish Society of Cardiology (ISBI-DCM); by the University of California,San Diego, CTRI Galvanizing Engineering and Medicine Program; American Heart Association grant 16GRNT27250262; and National Institutes of Health UC CAI grant CII4560. P.M.-L. was also funded by CIBERCV. P.M.-L., L.R., J.C.A., and J.B. are inventors of a method for quantifying intracardiac stasis from imaging data under a Patent Cooperation Treaty patent application (WO2017091746A1)

Documento de consenso sobre el tratamiento antimicrobiano de las infecciones bacterianas odontogénicas

Las infecciones de la cavidad bucal son un problema de salud pública frecuente y motivo constante de prescripción antibiótica; el 10% de los antibióticos se emplean para tratar este problema. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha son pocos los estudios realizados para determinar su incidencia. Asímismo, su relación con ciertas enfermedades sistémicas (cardiacas, endocrinas, etc...) confiere a estas patologías una importancia vital. A pesar de la reconocida frecuencia e importancia de las infecciones odontogénicas, llama la atención la actual dispersión de criterio en varios aspectos referentes a su clasificación, terminología y recomendaciones terapéuticas. El objetivo principal de este documento, realizado con el consenso de especialistas en microbiología y odontología, es establecer unas recomendaciones útiles para todos los profesionales implicados en el manejo clínico de estas patologías. Recibe especial atención el aumento de la prevalencia de resistencias bacterianas observado durante los últimos años y, en concreto, la proliferación de cepas productoras de betalactamasas. Otro factor causal importante de la aparición de resistencias es la falta de cumplimiento terapéutico, en especial en lo que respecta a la dosis y a la duración del tratamiento. Así pues, estas patologías constituyen un problema complejo cuyo abordaje requiere la instauración de antimicrobianos de amplio espectro, con adecuados parámetros farmacocinéticos, con buena tolerancia y una posología cómoda que permita que el paciente reciba la dosis adecuada durante el tiempo necesario. Amoxicilina/ácido clavulánico a dosis altas (2000mg/ 125mg) ha demostrado buenos resultados y capacidad para superar resistencias. Otros agentes como metronidazol y clindamicina, seguidos de claritromicina y azitromicina han demostrado también ser activos frente a la mayoría de los microorganismos responsables de las infecciones odontogé[email protected]

A clinical method for mapping and quantifying blood stasis in the left ventricle

In patients at risk of intraventrcular thrombosis, the benefits of chronic anticoagulation therapy need to be balanced with the pro-hemorrhagic effects of therapy. Blood stasis in the cardiac chambers is a recognized risk factor for intracardiac thrombosis and potential cardiogenic embolic events. In this work, we present a novel flow image-based method to assess the location and extent of intraventricular stasis regions inside the left ventricle (LV) by digital processing flow-velocity images obtained either by phase-contrast magnetic resonance (PCMR) or 2D color-Doppler velocimetry (echo-CDV). This approach is based on quantifying the distribution of the blood Residence Time (TR) from time-resolved blood velocity fields in the LV. We tested the new method in illustrative examples of normal hearts, patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and one patient before and after the implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). The method allowed us to assess in-vivo the location and extent of the stasis regions in the LV. Original metrics were developed to integrate flow properties into simple scalars suitable for a robust and personalized assessment of the risk of thrombosis. From a clinical perspective, this work introduces the new paradigm that quantitative flow dynamics can provide the basis to obtain subclinical markers of intraventricular thrombosis risk. The early prediction of LV blood stasis may result in decrease strokes by appropriate use of anticoagulant therapy for the purpose of primary and secondary prevention. It may also have a significant impact on LVAD device design and operation set-up