273 research outputs found
Betydelsen av naturkontakt i tidig Älder för framtida naturanknytning
I Norden har vi lÀnge haft en kultur som sagt att utomhusvistelse och friluftsliv har en positiv
inverkan pÄ vÄrt vÀlbefinnande och vÄr hÀlsa. Genom denna kultur uppmuntras barnen i tidig Älder
att tillbringa mycket tid utomhus och naturen blir en sjÀlvklar plats för lek i mÄnga familjer. Att
barnen fÄr möjlighet till att pÄ egen hand upptÀcka naturen, att de upplevelser som skapas dÀr Àr
positiva och att en nÀrstÄende vuxen uppmuntrar till utforskande av naturen, Àr nycklar till att
utveckla en god naturkontakt.
Vilken betydelse har naturkontakt i barndomen för naturanknytning som vuxen? Det finns inget
konkret svar, utan kopplingen Àr komplext och beror pÄ mÄnga olika faktorer. Studier har dock
visat pÄ att naturkontakten i barndomen i mÄnga fall har varit den bidragande faktorn till vuxnas
miljöengagemang. Vilka aspekter pÄverkar naturkontakten? Det Àr mÄnga olika aspekter som
samverkar för att bygga upp naturkontakten. De som kan ses som viktiga Àr: omgivningen,
nÀrstÄende vuxna och kulturen. Dessa tre innefattar i sin hand ytterligare aspekter.
Arbetet undersöker huruvida det Àr viktigt med naturkontakt hos barn för att de som vuxna ska
kÀnna en koppling till naturen och ha ett miljöengagemang. FrÄgan om vilken typ av naturkontakt
som Àr av betydelse och hur den skapas, tas ocksÄ upp. MÄlet Àr att se om det finns en koppling
mellan naturkontakt i barndomen och naturanknytning som vuxen, för att förstÄ den eventuella
relationens betydelse för naturanknytning. Arbetet bygger pÄ litteratur och kompletteras av tvÄ
intervjuer som bidrar till diskussion.In the Nordic countries we long have had a culture that says that outdoor activities and spending time in nature has got a positive effect on our wellbeing and health. Through this culture children are encouraged at an early age to spend a lot of time outside and nature becomes an obvious place for pleasure in many families. The opportunity for children to discover nature on their own, that the made experiences are positive and that a related adult encourages to explore nature, are key factors
for developing a positive connection with nature.
Which influence has got contact with nature as a child for the closeness to nature as an adult? This
question cannot be answered properly, as those interactions are complex and rely on many different factors. However, studies have shown that an early connection with nature as a child has been in many cases the crucial factor for later environmental commitment. So, which aspects influence the
contact with nature? There are many different aspects, which together define the connection with nature. Those aspects that can be seen as important are: the neighborhood, related adults and the culture. These three aspects include themselves further factors.
This thesis reviews whether early contact as a child with nature has got an impact on the closeness
to nature and environmental commitment as an adult. The question of which connection with nature
is significant and how it can be created will also be discussed. The aim of this study is to find out
whether there is a connection between the contact with nature as a child and the closeness to nature
as an adult in order to understand the possible meaning of their relation for peoplesâ connection to
nature. The study is based on literature with an addition of two interviews used to enrich the discussion
Challenges and opportunities of adventure playgrounds : on childrenâs need for risky play and societyâs need for safety regulations
Under 60- och 70-talen var bemannade lekplatser dÀr barn fick tillgÄng till material och verktyg för att sjÀlva bygga upp sin lekmiljö vanliga i Sverige. Dessa skapades för att ge barn möjlighet att testa sina förmÄgor och fantasi i en trygg miljö. Idag har dock nÀsta alla dessa, sÄ kallade bygglekplatser, lagts ner. Studien undersöker sambandet mellan barns behov av utmaningar i leken och de sÀkerhetskrav som stÀlls pÄ bygglekplatser och tittar pÄ om bygglekplatsen Àr möjlig att bedriva 2019.
Genom en litteraturstudie har en kunskapsöversikt sammanstÀllts över barns behov av utmaningar och risktagande i leken och rÄdande sÀkerhetsregler för lekplatser. Detta har kompletterats med intervjuer med personer som har erfarenheter inom frÄgor som rör barns lekmiljöer. TvÄ platsbesök pÄ bygglekplatser har Àven gett insyn i hur denna typ av verksamhet kan utformas och organiseras.
Undersökningen visar att barn naturligt har en stark inre drivkraft att söka upp risker runt omkring dem. De utmaningar som dessa risker ger upphov till nÀr de behöver hanteras Àr viktiga för barns utveckling pÄ mÄnga plan. Dock leder de sÀkerhetsregler och riklinjer som gÀller för lekplatser ofta till torftiga lekmiljöer dÀr möjligheterna till utmaningar Àr begrÀnsade.
Vidare visar undersökningen att det egentligen inte finns samma sÀkerhetsregler för bygglekplatser som vanliga lekplatser men att ett allmÀnt ökat fokus pÄ sÀkerhetsfrÄgor troligen har bidragit till deras nedgÄng. Bygglekplatser har stor möjlighet att inom de regelverk som finns tillhandahÄlla barn en balanserad riskfylld miljö dÀr de kan testa sina förmÄgor. Avvecklingen av bygglekplatser kan dock inte enbart tillskrivas ökad sÀkerhetsiver utan de har flera utmaningar, sÄsom faktorer som ekonomi. Samtidigt har dessa lekmiljöer mÄnga möjligheter att ta fördel av.During the 1960s and 1970s staffed playgrounds where children could work with wood and tools and build their own play environment, were common in Sweden.These playgrounds were introduced as places where children could use their imagination, challenge them self and do risky play, in a safe environment. Today almost all of these playgrounds - so called adventure playgrounds - are gone.
This study investigates the connection between childrenâs need of taking risks while playing and the safety regulations for playgrounds. It also investigates if it is possible to run adventure playgrounds in Sweden today.
A literature study has been conducted in which childrenâs need for risky play and safety regulations for playgrounds has been reviewed. The literature has been combined with interviews of people working with childrenâs outdoor environments. Visits at two adventure playgrounds have contributed, to give an insight into how these playgrounds can be designed and organized.
The result of the study shows that children have an urge to seek risks in play. The challenges the risks afford when they need to be mastered are important for childrenâs development in several ways. The possibilities for risky play are often limited because of safety regulations, which in many cases contribute to poor/meagre playgrounds. Furthermore, the study shows that adventure playgrounds are not covered by some of the safety regulations applicable for general playgrounds. However, an increased general focus on safety issues have contributed to the reduction in adventure playgrounds.
Adventure playgrounds have the possibility to cater childrenâs need of risky play and at the same time be safe environments within the current regulatory framework. Although, the study also found that adventure playgrounds have several other challenges to deal with, not only related to safety regulation, for instance economy. At the same time they do have many advantages and benefits to use and pay attention to
Deltakernes erfaringer med selvstigmatisering gjennom deltakelsen i «fra offer til kriger». En kvalitativ studie.
MÄlet med studien var Ä utforske hvordan selvstigmatisering oppleves for deltakere i «fra offer til kriger», som er et arbeidsforberedende tiltak for unge mellom 18 og 30 Är. Studiens teoretiske rammeverk inkluderer Goffmans teori om stigma og selvstigma, samt Honneth sin flerdimensjonale anerkjennelsesteori. Studien er kvalitativ og er basert pÄ syv semistrukturerte individuelle dybdeintervju av deltakere i tiltaket «fra offer til kriger». Problemstillingen i studien er som fÞlger: «Hva skjer med deltakernes selvstigmatisering gjennom deltakelsen i prosjektet fra offer til kriger?»
Studien har en fenomenologisk tilnÊrming som tar utgangspunkt i intervjupersonenes opplevelser og erfaringer av deltakelsen i tiltaket «fra offer til kriger». Intervjuene ble analysert i trÄd med Malteruds systematiske tekstkondensering (STC). Analysen resulterte i to hovedfunn: «et liv i kaos», og «et sted Ä hÞre til». De to hovedfunnene har fire underkategorier hver.
Gjennom analyse og drÞfting av det innsamlede materialet kommer det frem at deltakelsen i tiltaket "fra offer til kriger" bidrar til Ä minske selvstigmatiseringen, samt bidrar til Þkt opplevelse av anerkjennelse. Studiens resultater kan forhÄpentligvis bidra til Þkt bevissthet omkring hvordan stigmatisering pÄvirker enkeltpersoners selvoppfatning. Jeg har tilstrebet at studien skal kunne bidra til Ä belyse viktigheten av tilhÞrighet og inkludering i samfunnet, og hvilken eventuell pÄvirkning det har for unge mennesker Ä avvike fra samfunnets forventninger. Det er etter min oppfatning nÞdvendig med mer forskning omkring disse emnene, sÊrlig oppfÞlging av grupper eller enkeltpersoner over lengre tid, noe det ikke har vÊrt kapasitet til i denne studien
Risk understanding and risk acknowledgement: a new approach to environmental risk assessment in marine aquaculture
publishedVersio
Ubevisst aktivering av betinget smerteresponser og spatiale frekvenser
Bakgrunn: Kroniske smerte har de siste Ärene blitt mer utbredt, men kunnskapen om kroniske smerter er fortsatt lav. Sentralnervesystemet (SNS) sees pÄ som viktig i forhold til forstÄelse av slike smerter. SNS bruker endogen smertemodulering for Ä redusere eller forsterke smerten et individ opplever. Nyere forskning viser at endogen smertemodulering kan pÄvirkes av ubevisste mekanismer, men hvordan disse fungerer er enda ukjent.
Metode: Eksperimentet hadde et faktorielt design med 2 betinging (CS+, CS-) x 3 spatial frekvens (BBF, LSF, HSF) innengruppe design, med 22 deltakere friske deltagere. I betingingsfasen ble to nÞytrale ansikt (BBF) paret med enten hÞy smerte (CS+) eller ingen smerte (CS-), som var pÄfÞrt deltakerens venstre underarm. I testfasen ble betingede stimuli presentert i tre spatiale frekvenser subliminalt, etterfulgt av medium smerte for alle stimuli.
Resultat: Det var ikke en statistisk signifikant effekt av betinging pÄ smerterapportering, eller interaksjonseffekter mellom betinging x frekvens (F(2, 42) = 0.06, p = .884). Tilleggsanalyser viste en sterk positiv korrelasjon mellom informasjonsmengden i bildestimulus og smerterapportering (r = .911, p <.001).
Oppsummering: VÄre resultater viste ingen statistisk signifikant hovedeffekt av betinging pÄ smerterapportering, men tilleggsanalyser viste at noe informasjon om subliminale stimuli slapp igjennom maskeringen og pÄvirket fremdeles smerterapporteringen til deltagerne
The expression, processing and localization of polymorphic membrane proteins in Chlamydia pneumoniae strain CWL029
BACKGROUND: Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria, which are important human pathogens. Genome sequences of C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae have revealed the presence of a Chlamydia specific gene family encoding polymorphic outer membrane proteins, Pmps. In C. pneumoniae the family comprises twenty-one members, which are all transcribed. In the present study, the expression, processing and localisation of the sixteen full-length Pmps in C. pneumoniae strain CWL029 have been further investigated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: Ten Pmps were identified in elementary bodies (EBs). Eight of these were investigated with respect to time dependent expression and all were found to be up-regulated between 36 and 48 hours post infection. Antibodies against Pmp6, 8, 10, 11 and 21 reacted with chlamydiae when infected cells were formalin fixed. Pmp6, Pmp20 and Pmp21 were found in cleaved forms, and the cleavage sites of Pmp6 and Pmp21 were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The Pmps are heavily up-regulated at the time of conversion of RB to EB, and at least ten Pmps are present in EBs. Due to their reaction in formalin fixation it is likely that Pmp6, 8, 10, 11 and 21 are surface exposed. The identified cleavage sites of Pmp6 and Pmp21 are in agreement with the theory that the Pmps are autotransporters
Regional governance during the corona crisis
In februari van dit jaar werd in Nederland de eerste coronabesmetting vastgesteld in Loon op Zand, Noord-Brabant. Dit was het startpunt van een periode die nog steeds voortduurt, waarin de overheid met maatregelen en adviezen probeert het virus onder controle te krijgen. In de aanpak van de coronacrisis is een belangrijke rol weggelegd voor een tot dan toe bij de meeste inwoners van Nederland onbekend regionaal samenwerkingsverband: de Veiligheidsregio.In het kader van het onderzoeksprogramma âCorona als stresstest voor het openbaar bestuurâ hebben wij onderzoek gedaan naar regionale differentiatie in de aanpak van de crisis door de Veiligheidsregioâs. In dit artikel gaan wij achtereenvolgens in op de golfbeweging in de bestuurlijke aanpak van corona (paragraaf 2), de regionale differentiatie in de noodverordeningen (paragraaf 3), het regionaal âDNAâ als verklaring voor regionale verschillen (paragraaf 4) en de waarom regionale differentiatie grotendeels uitblijft (paragraaf 5)
Discards of cod (Gadus morhua) in the Norwegian coastal fisheries: improving past and future estimates
Discarding can be an unknown source of biases and uncertainties in stock assessments. Discarding patterns and quantities vary so a routine methodology for estimating discards is important to give a better picture of total catches, and potentially mortality, in fisheries. Using data from the Norwegian Reference Fleet between 2012 and 2018, this study presents a revised methodology for estimating discards of cod (Gadus morhua) in the Norwegian coastal gillnet fisheries, which accounts for variations in discarding between vessels and uncertainties in the conversion of numbers to weight discarded. The estimated average discard rate of cod (weight of cod discarded as percentage of total weight caught) is 0.55% (95% confidence interval: 0.45â0.70%), although discard rates in southern areas were an order of magnitude higher than in northern areas. We also present an exploratory analysis of the drivers behind discarding using a random forest regression model. Spatial variations and fishing intensity were identified as the most important drivers of discarding. Results from this study suggest ways in which self-sampled data can be used to estimate discards in Norwegian coastal fisheries, and where the accuracy of future estimates can be improved when a higher resolution data collection programme is established.publishedVersio
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