Hiperaldosteronismo Primário Felino: Uma Enfermidade Endócrina Emergente

The primary hyperaldosteronism, an endocrine disease increasingly identified in cats, is characterized by adrenal gland dysfunction that interferes with the renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system, triggering the hypersecretion of aldosterone. Pathophysiological consequences of excessive aldosterone secretion are related to increased sodium and water retention, and increased excretion of potassium, which induce hypertension and severe hypokalemia, respectively. The most common clinical findings in cats include: polydipsia, nocturia, polyuria, generalized weakness, neck ventroflexion, syncope, anorexia, weight loss, pendulous abdomen and blindness. Diagnosis is based on the evidence of hormonal hypersecretion with suppression of renin release, imaging and histopathological evaluation of adrenal glands. Treatment may be curative with adrenalectomy, in cases of unilateral disease, or conservative, through administration of aldosterone antagonists, potassium supplementation and antihypertensives. Prognosis varies from fair to good with the appropriate therapy. This article reviews the main aspects of primary aldosteronism in cats, providing the clinician with important information for the diagnosis of this disease. © 2016, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. All rights reserved.46468669

Volume I. Introduction to DUNE

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay—these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. This TDR is intended to justify the technical choices for the far detector that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. Volume I contains an executive summary that introduces the DUNE science program, the far detector and the strategy for its modular designs, and the organization and management of the Project. The remainder of Volume I provides more detail on the science program that drives the choice of detector technologies and on the technologies themselves. It also introduces the designs for the DUNE near detector and the DUNE computing model, for which DUNE is planning design reports. Volume II of this TDR describes DUNE\u27s physics program in detail. Volume III describes the technical coordination required for the far detector design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure. Volume IV describes the single-phase far detector technology. A planned Volume V will describe the dual-phase technology

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), far detector technical design report, volume III: DUNE far detector technical coordination

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay—these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume III of this TDR describes how the activities required to design, construct, fabricate, install, and commission the DUNE far detector modules are organized and managed. This volume details the organizational structures that will carry out and/or oversee the planned far detector activities safely, successfully, on time, and on budget. It presents overviews of the facilities, supporting infrastructure, and detectors for context, and it outlines the project-related functions and methodologies used by the DUNE technical coordination organization, focusing on the areas of integration engineering, technical reviews, quality assurance and control, and safety oversight. Because of its more advanced stage of development, functional examples presented in this volume focus primarily on the single-phase (SP) detector module

Isolation Of A Polypeptide From Phoneutria Nigriventer Spider Venom Responsible For The Increased Vascular Permeability In Rabbit Skin

Fractionation of Phoneutria nigriventer venom by Sephadex G-10 followed by ion-exchange chromatography yields a fraction (fraction XIII) which increases microvascular permeability in rabbit skin in vivo by activating the tissue kallikrein-kinin system. One polypeptide (PNV3) with the ability to increase microvascular permeability in the rabbit skin in vivo was isolated from fraction XIII and biochemically characterized. PNV3 has 132 amino acid residues with a calculated mol. wt of 14,475. This polypeptide showed the following N-terminal sequence: AVFAIQDQPC. Amino acid analysis indicated the presence of six disulfide bridges and a high content of Glx (20%). Pairwise comparison of PNV3 amino acid sequence with 27 other spider venom polypeptides and proteins indicated that PNV3 presents high similarity (60-70%) with other toxins (Tx2.1, Tx2.5 and Tx2.6) isolated from P. nigriventer venom. © 1995.332171178Adams, Bindokas, Hasegawa, Venema, W-Agatoxins: novel calcium channel antagonist of two subtypes from funnel web spider (Agelenopsis aperta) venom (1990) J. biol. Chem., 265, pp. 861-867Antunes, Marangoni, Brain, de Nucci, Phoneutria nigriventer (armed spider) venom induces increased vascular permeability in rat and rabbit skin in vivo (1992) Toxicon, 30, pp. 1011-1016Antunes, Marangoni, Borges, Hyslop, Fontana, de Nucci, Effect of Phoneutria nigriventer venom on rabbit vascular smooth muscle (1993) Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 26, pp. 81-91Antunes, Marangoni, Giglio, Brain, de Nucci, Activation of tissue kallikrein-kininogen-kinin system in rabbit skin by a fraction isolated from Phoneutria nigriventer (armed spider) venom (1993) Toxicon, 31, pp. 1385-1391Bento, Novello, Marangoni, Antunes, Giglio, Oliveira, de Nucci, Identification of a new vascular smooth muscle contracting polypeptide in the Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom (1993) Biochem. Pharmac., 46, pp. 1092-1095Bhoola, Figueroa, Worthy, Bioregulation of kinins: kallikreins, kininogens and kininases (1992) Pharmac. Rev., 44, pp. 4-80Brain, Williams, Inflammatory oedema induced by synergism between calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and mediators of increased vascular permeability (1985) Br. J. Pharmac., 86, pp. 855-860Brown, Scheumack, Tyler, Howden, Amino acid sequence of versutoxin, a lethal neurotoxin from the venom of the funnel-web spider Atrax versutus (1988) Biochem. J., 250, pp. 401-405Cordeiro, Valentim, Diniz, Von Eickstedt, Gilroy, Richardson, Purification and complete amino acid sequences of four Tx2 types neurotoxins from the venom of the Brazilian “armed” spider Phoneutria nigriventer (Keys.) (1992) FEBS Lett., 310, pp. 153-156Cordeiro, Figueiredo, Valentim, Diniz, Von Eickstedt, Gilroy, Richardson, Purification and amino acid sequences of six TX3 type neurotoxins from the venom of the Brazilian “armed” spider Phoneutria nigriventer (Keys.) (1993) Toxicon, 31, pp. 35-42Diniz, Separação de proteinas e caracterização de substâncias ativas em venenos de aranhas do Brasil (1963) An. Acad. Bras. Sci., 35, pp. 283-291Diniz, Cordeiro, Junior, Kelly, Fischer, Reiman, Oliveira, Richardson, The purification and amino acid sequence of the lethal neurotoxin Tx1 from the venom of the Brazilian “armed” spider Phoneutria nigriventer (1990) FEBS Lett., 263, pp. 251-253Ehrenpreis, Scheraga, Observations on the analysis for thrombin and the activation of fibrin monomer (1957) J Biol Chem, 227, pp. 1043-1061Entwistle, Johnstone, Medzihradszky, May, Isolation of a pure toxic polypeptide from the venom of the spider Phoneutria nigriventer and its neurophysiological activity on an insect femur preparation (1982) Toxicon, 20, pp. 1059-1067Fontana, Vital Brazil, Mode of action of Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom at the isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm of the rat (1985) Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 18, pp. 557-565Heinrikson, Meredith, Amino acid analysis by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography: pre-column derivatization with phenylisothiocyanate (1984) Analyt. Biochem., 136, pp. 65-71Homsi-Brandeburgo, Queiroz, Santo-Neto, Rodrigues-Simioni, Giglio, Fractionation of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom: partial chemical characterization and biological activity of bothropstoxin (1988) Toxicon, 26, pp. 615-627Kamada, Furuhata, Yamagushi, Ikakita, Kizuki, Moriya, Observation of tissue prokallikrein activation by some serine proteases, arginine esterases in rat submandilar gland (1990) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 166, pp. 231-237Lopes-Martins, Antunes, Oliva, Sampaio, Burton, de Nucci, Pharmacological characterisation of rabbit corpus cavernosum relaxation mediated by the tissue kallikrein-kinin system (1994) Br. J. Pharmac., 113, pp. 81-86Marangoni, Antunes, Brain, de Nucci, Phoneutria nigriventer (armed spider) venom activates tissue kallikrein-kininogen-kinin system in rabbit skin in vivo (1993) Br. J. Pharmac., 109, pp. 539-543Marangoni, Borges, Marangoni, Antunes, Vieira, Novello, Domont, de Nucci, Biochemical characterization of a vascular smooth muscle contracting polypeptide purified from Phoneutria nigriventer (armed spider) venom (1993) Toxicon, 31, pp. 377-384Reimerdes, Klostermeyer, Determination of proteolytic activities on casein substrates (1976) Methods in Enzymology, 45, pp. 26-28. , C.H Hirs, S.N Timasheff, Academic Press, New YorkRezende, Jr, Cordeiro, Oliveira, Diniz, Isolation of neurotoxic peptides from the venom of the “armed spider” Phoneutria nigriventer (1991) Toxicon, 29, pp. 1225-1233Selistre, Giglio, Isolation and characterization of a thrombin-like enzyme from the venom of the snake Bothrops insularis (jararaca ilhoa) (1987) Toxicon, 25, pp. 1135-1144Schagger, Jagow, Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the separation of proteins in the range from 1 to 100 kDa (1987) Analyt. Biochem., 166, pp. 368-379Schenberg, Pereira-Lima, Phoneutria nigriventer venom. Pharmacology and biochemistry of its components (1971) Venomous Animals and their Venoms, 3, pp. 279-297. , W Bucherl, E.E Buckley, Academic Press, New YorkScheumack, Claassens, Whiteley, Howden, Complete amino acid sequence of a new type of lethal neurotoxin from the venom of the funnel-web spider Atrax robustus (1985) FEBS Lett., 181, pp. 154-156Skinner, Adams, Quistad, Kataoka, Cesarin, Enderlin, Schooley, Purification and characterization of two classes of neurotoxins from the funnel web spider, Alegenopsis aperta (1989) J. biol. Chem., 264, pp. 2150-2155Stapleton, Blankenship, Ackerman, Chen, Gorder, Manley, Palfreyman, Cardin, Neurotoxic insecticidal polypeptides isolated from the funnel-web spider Hololena curta (1990) J. biol. Chem., 265, pp. 2054-2059Takada, Skidgel, Erdos, Purification of human urinary prokallikrein. Identification of the site of activation by the metalloproteinase thermolysin (1985) Biochem. J., 232, pp. 851-858Williams, Prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin I2 and the vascular changes of inflammation (1979) Br. J. Pharmac., 65, pp. 517-52