Communication Design of Indian Matrimonial Advertisements in the Sunday Times of India

The study addresses graphic and verbal elements as part of the communication design of matrimonial advertising. Following European trends and rules of the press, the Sunday Times of India newspaper preserves the traditional features in its design for the matrimonial column. It is argued that its communication design is a mixture of two design styles: universal (easily interpreted by the wide audience) and specifically Indian. This is not a problem, since matrimonial advertisements are addressed only to in-group members. For them, the use of ethnic motives in the verbal and non-verbal components of matrimonial advertising is more appealing. Through the signs of the semiotic matrimonial code, they enter the general space of cultural communication. This evokes their trust to the verbal content, creates a comfortable atmosphere for dealing with such a delicate topic and increases the chances of successful engagement. The pragmatic significance of graphic design elements prevails over text ones. All graphic elements, ornaments, lines, linings, vignettes, frames, etc., serve to create a respectful image of the person placing the advertisement, the person on whose behalf the advertisement is placed, and the potential bride/groom. Respect and traditions are key elements of Indian culture and are reflected in the space of newspaper communication. Understanding the requirements for the publication of matrimonial advertisements reflects the social structure and the specifics of interpersonal relations between men and women, parents and children. The interpretation of both visual and verbal signs by outsiders is largely dependent on his/her experience of Indian culture. Keywords: communication design, matrimonial advertisements, Indian culture, graphic and verbal design element

VARIATION OF ENGLISH EHPHEMISMS-TABOOISMS

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной в современной лингвистике теме эвфемизации речи. Предметом анализа выступают английские эвфемизмы-табуизмы одной тематической группы, а именно «наименования, относящиеся к сфере туалета, отправления естественных потребностей». Цель исследования – раскрыть вариативность эвфемизмов-табуизмов и факторы, определяющие выбор варианта.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образуют описательно-сопоставительный и функциональный методы. Анализ и описание языкового материала осуществляется на основании общенаучных методов наблюдения, сопоставления и обобщения языковых фактов.Результаты. В результате проведенного исследования авторы прослеживают в употреблении английских эвфемизмов-табуизмов гендерную дифференциацию, противопоставление по возрасту, а также по профессиональной и региональной принадлежности.Область применения результатов. Теоретическая значимость работы определяется ее вкладом в изучение процесса эвфемизации речи. Практическая ценность результатов исследования состоит в возможности их использования в курсе практической и теоретической лексикографии, в преподавании общей и частной (английской) лексикологии, стилистики, а также в переводческой практике.Purpose. The article is devoted to the topical in modern linguistics theme of speech euphemization. The subject of analysis is the English euphemisms-tabooisms of one thematic group, namely “names related to the sphere of the toilet, natural needs.” The aim of the research is to reveal the variation of euphemisms-tabooisms and the factors that determine the option.Methodology. The basis of the research is the descriptive-comparative and functional methods. Analysis and description of linguistic material is carried out on the basis of general scientific methods of observation, comparison and generalization of linguistic facts.Results. As a result of the study the authors trace gender differentiation, contrasting by age, professional and regional affiliation in the use of English euphemisms-tabooisms.Practical implications. The theoretical significance of the work is determined by its contribution to the study of the speech euphemization. The practical value of the results of the research consists in the possibility of using them in a course of practical and theoretical lexicography, in the teaching of general and English lexicology, stylistics, and in translation practice

Introspectiveness of Higher Education Students: Study and Development

The change in strategic guidelines in Russian education is associated with a revision of the goals of teaching and upbringing. However, the emphasis of reforms has shifted towards the formation of the required professional competences at this stage in the development of the education system of the Russian Federation. We think that it is possible to achieve the set goal of higher education through the development of the introspectiveness as a quality of the personality of students. The formation of the introspectiveness in a future specialist will have an effect on the successful mastery, expansion and transformation of social experience, as well as the internal plan of action. Thus, demonstrating the formed introspectiveness as a personality trait, the student is able to organize his educational activities independently, activities to cognize the surrounding reality and his inner world, as well as self-determine in various life situations, including the development of general cultural and professional competences. In this regard, the emphasis in the issue of developing the introspectiveness of students is made on specifying the conditions that must be created at a higher education institution for the manifestation and formation of this personality quality. The purpose of the article is to study the level of the introspectiveness of university students and develop psychological and pedagogical conditions that develop this personality quality. The leading techniques for the study of this problem were the following: Q-sort Technique; the technique for diagnostics of an individual measure of the introspectiveness degree. At the stage of the ascertaining experiment, the levels of the introspectiveness of university students were revealed. The results of the ascertaining experiment convincingly demonstrated the need to organize special work to develop the introspectiveness of students. The authors substantiated that the success of developing students’ introspectiveness is ensured by the created psychological and pedagogical conditions. A model of developing the introspectiveness as a personality quality of a future professional has been developed and tested. The results of this study create opportunities for further development of the problem in the context of the organization of lectures in the learning process for students of different courses and types of specialization. The article is intended for psychologists, tutors, education managers

Бег по кругу: риторика холодной войны в современной российской и американской прессе

The article presents a comparative stylistic analysis of the political narrative of Russia and the United States during two historical periods: the Cold War (1950–1980) and the year 2015. The authors choose the cognitive theory of narrative analysis as their research methodology. Political narrative is understood as a single story uniting multiple journalistic materials over a certain historical period of up to several decades, reflecting the state ideologywith an arbitrary name, permanent positive or negative characters, and verbally presented via recurrent lexical units, stylistic and manipulation techniques. It is established that the Soviet narrative of the Cold War period had clearly defined villains – capitalists, while the role of victims belonged to ordinary citizens of the capitalist countries, and Communists were their saviors. The following specific features characterized the narrative: the formation of a clear opposition “us – them”; selective coverage of events occurring in the “hostile” countries, a tendency to the exclusion of anything positive; a one-sided, strongly biased view of the political, economic and cultural events (promoting the positive sides in this country and greatly exaggerating the negative ones in Western countries); an emotionally loaded image of “them” created by employing appropriate linguistic and non-linguistic means; the formation of a persistent negative image of “them” by the use of initially false causality (innuendo, false presuppositions, provocation); reframing cognitive representations of world events, when the same event is interpreted differently in different countries by the virtue of the existing ideology; declaration of one’s own values as moral, and “their” values as immoral. The Russian political narrative of last year supports a script called “We don’t care – we are not afraid of ‘the sanction masters’”, that is, the US President and leaders of European countries – “puppets, powerless heads of their states”. The scenario of the narrative, which is now being created in the English-language media concerning relations with Russia, is that Putin/ Russia is aggressive, hostile to the United States; it is a source of military conflicts, uncompromising and unpredictable. The US defends democratic values, seeks de-escalation of the existing armed confrontations, and fears the wild unpredictability of Putin/Russia. The Russian narrative is dominated by the methods of irony, sarcasm, ridicule, and direct use of obscene language against its opponents; in the English narrative intimidation dominates, when the notion of “them” is referred to as an aggressor and unpredictable barbarian.Статья посвящена сравнительно-стилистическому анализу политического нарратива России и США времен холодной войны 1950–1980 гг. и 2015 г. В качестве методологии исследования выбрана когнитивная теория нарративного анализа. Политический нарратив понимается как единый сюжет, объединяющий множество публицистических материалов на протяжении определенного исторического периода и отражающий государственную идеологию с условным названием, постоянными персонажами, выполняющими положительные либо отрицательные роли, вербально представленный повторяющимися лексическими единицами, стилистическими и манипулятивными приемами. Установлено, что советский нарратив времен холодной войны имел четко прописанных отрицательных героев-капиталистов, роль их жертв принадлежала простым жителям капиталистических стран; положительными героями-спасителями выступали коммунисты. Он характеризовался определенными специфическими чертами: формирование четкой оппозиции «свой – чужой»; выборочное освещение происходящих во «враждебной» стране событий, тенденция к исключению всего положительного; однобокое, предвзятое, сильно ангажированное представление политических, экономических и культурных событий (высвечивание положительного в нашей стране, преувеличение резко отрицательного в западных странах); эмоциональная наполненность образа «чужого» благодаря соответствующим языковым и неязыковым средствам; формирование стойкого отрицательного образа «чужого» за счет использования изначально ложных причинно-следственных связей (инсинуаций, ложных пресуппозиций, провокаций); рефрейминг когнитивных представлений о событиях в мире, когда одно и то же событие трактуется по-разному в силу существующей идеологии; объявление собственных ценностей моральными, а ценностей «чужого» безнравственными. Российский политический нарратив последних лет поддерживает сценарий под условным названием «А нам все равно – мы не боимся “санкционных смотрителей”», в роли которых выступают президент США и лидеры ведущих западных стран – «безвольные марионетки, безвластные руководители своих государств». Сценарий же нарратива англоязычной западной прессы: Путин / Россия ведет агрессивные действия, враждебен США, является источником военных конфликтов, неуступчив, непредсказуем. США на словах отстаивают демократичные ценности, стремятся к деэскалации вооруженных противостояний, опасаются непредсказуемости дикой России / Путина. В российском нарративе преобладают приемы иронии, сарказма, прямых насмешек и использования обсценной лексики в адрес оппонентов; в англоязычном нарративе доминирует прием запугивания, когда «враг» номинируется агрессором, непредсказуемым варваром

Polylogical Core of Modern Intercultural Interaction Models

The article is devoted to the problems of transformation and phenomenon of complication of intercultural communication models. The significance of the study lies in the fact that intercultural communication through the prism of cultural and civilizational developments reflects the sociocultural changes taking place at all levels of social development. The problem of application of theoretical knowledge about the communicative paradigm of modern culture with its polylogical core for the development of a specific model of intercultural communication and effective cultural policy relates to the difficulties of achieving compliance of the research results with the real state of the sociocultural environment. Basing on the previous and current research approaches and taking into consideration a systemic and synergistic approach as well as a dialogue concept, the authors aim to investigate theoretical modeling of intercultural interaction. As a result of investigation, the authors conclude that the study of models of intercultural interaction cannot be carried out without understanding the principles and factors of the dynamics of cultural changes in the modern world which allows us to consider the transition from a dialogue model to a polylogue model as a natural stage in the dynamics of culture. Also, the methodological set of philosophical and cultural studies of the dynamics of modern culture is proved as constantly expanding due to the new tendencies, like total digitalization. It is stated that overcoming outdated models of intercultural interaction and adopting the new ones is a long process that must be tested by the human societ

Synoptic and Seasonal Variability of Small River Plumes in the Northeastern Part of the Black Sea

Small river plumes are typical features at many coastal regions in the World Ocean. These water masses have relatively small areas and volumes; however, due to their energetic dynamics localized in a thin surface layer, they strongly affect coastal circulation, water quality, and ocean-atmosphere interaction. In this study, we investigate external factors, which govern synoptic and seasonal variability of small river plumes, and, therefore, affect land-ocean fluxes of fluvial water and biogeochemically important material. We use numerical modeling to simulate small river plumes at the northeastern part of the Black Sea. We describe the response time of small river plumes to changes in river discharge and wind forcing conditions, which determines variability of river plumes at different time scales. We reveal that the influence of river plumes on coastal processes depends not only on total annual river discharge volume, but also on temporal distribution of high-discharge and low-discharge periods. Seasonal and synoptic features of local atmospheric circulation could strongly modify the relation between river plume characteristics and river discharge rate. The results obtained in this study are important for better assessment of delivery and fate of river-borne suspended and dissolved matter, as well as floating litter in coastal areas

Introspectiveness of Higher Education Students: Study and Development

The change in strategic guidelines in Russian education is associated with a revision of the goals of teaching and upbringing. However, the emphasis of reforms has shifted towards the formation of the required professional competences at this stage in the development of the education system of the Russian Federation. We think that it is possible to achieve the set goal of higher education through the development of the introspectiveness as a quality of the personality of students. The formation of the introspectiveness in a future specialist will have an effect on the successful mastery, expansion and transformation of social experience, as well as the internal plan of action. Thus, demonstrating the formed introspectiveness as a personality trait, the student is able to organize his educational activities independently, activities to cognize the surrounding reality and his inner world, as well as self-determine in various life situations, including the development of general cultural and professional competences. In this regard, the emphasis in the issue of developing the introspectiveness of students is made on specifying the conditions that must be created at a higher education institution for the manifestation and formation of this personality quality. The purpose of the article is to study the level of the introspectiveness of university students and develop psychological and pedagogical conditions that develop this personality quality. The leading techniques for the study of this problem were the following: Q-sort Technique; the technique for diagnostics of an individual measure of the introspectiveness degree. At the stage of the ascertaining experiment, the levels of the introspectiveness of university students were revealed. The results of the ascertaining experiment convincingly demonstrated the need to organize special work to develop the introspectiveness of students. The authors substantiated that the success of developing students’ introspectiveness is ensured by the created psychological and pedagogical conditions. A model of developing the introspectiveness as a personality quality of a future professional has been developed and tested. The results of this study create opportunities for further development of the problem in the context of the organization of lectures in the learning process for students of different courses and types of specialization. The article is intended for psychologists, tutors, education managers.El cambio en las pautas estratégicas en la educación rusa está asociado con una revisión de los objetivos de la enseñanza y la educación. Sin embargo, el énfasis de las reformas se ha desplazado hacia la formación de las competencias profesionales necesarias en esta etapa del desarrollo del sistema educativo de la Federación de Rusia. Pensamos que es posible lograr el objetivo planteado de la educación superior a través del desarrollo de la introspectividad como una cualidad de la personalidad de los estudiantes. La formación de la introspectividad en un futuro especialista tendrá un efecto en el dominio, expansión y transformación exitosa de la experiencia social, así como en el plan de acción interno. Así, demostrando la introspectividad formada como un rasgo de personalidad, el estudiante es capaz de organizar sus actividades educativas de forma independiente, actividades para conocer la realidad circundante y su mundo interior, así como autodeterminarse en diversas situaciones de la vida, incluido el desarrollo de la cultura general. y competencias profesionales. En este sentido, el énfasis en el tema del desarrollo de la introspectividad de los estudiantes se hace en especificar las condiciones que deben crearse en una institución de educación superior para la manifestación y formación de esta cualidad de personalidad. El propósito del artículo es estudiar el nivel de introspectividad de los estudiantes universitarios y desarrollar las condiciones psicológicas y pedagógicas que desarrollan esta cualidad de personalidad. Las principales técnicas para el estudio de este problema fueron las siguientes: técnica de Q-sort; la técnica para el diagnóstico de una medida individual del grado de introspectividad. En la etapa del experimento de determinación, se revelaron los niveles de introspectividad de los estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados del experimento de comprobación demostraron de manera convincente la necesidad de organizar un trabajo especial para desarrollar la introspectividad de los estudiantes. Los autores corroboraron que el éxito en el desarrollo de la introspectividad de los estudiantes está garantizado por las condiciones psicológicas y pedagógicas creadas. Se ha desarrollado y probado un modelo de desarrollo de la introspectividad como cualidad de personalidad de un futuro profesional. Los resultados de este estudio crean oportunidades para un mayor desarrollo del problema en el contexto de la organización de conferencias en el proceso de aprendizaje para estudiantes de diferentes cursos y tipos de especialización. El artículo está dirigido a psicólogos, tutores, gestores educativos