Introducción y aplicación de la plataforma Moodle en prácticas de laboratorio químico

El presente trabajo constituye un ejemplo de implementación de la plataforma Moodle en clases prácticas de laboratorio químico dirigidas a estudiantes universitarios. La realización de una serie de cuestionarios a través del "Aula virtual de la Universitat Jaume I" permite que el alumnado trabaje con mayor autonomía y facilita el aprendizaje de los conceptos necesarios para el desarrollo correcto de los experimentos en el laboratorio docente.This work is an example of the implementation of Moodle platform in a Chemistry practical subject aimed at university students. A series of questionnaires accessible through the "virtual classroom of the Universitat Jaume I" allow students to work with higher autonomy and facilitates the learning of the necessary concepts required for the correct experiments development

Synthesis and structure of methoxo-terminated molybdenum and tungsten M3S4 clusters containing aminophosphine ligands

Trinuclear [M3S4(OCH3)3](edpp)3] + complexes, 1+ (M = Mo) and 2+ (M = W) bearing (2-aminoethyl) diphenylphosphine (edpp), have been isolated and fully characterized. Molybdenum and tungsten halide precursors react with methanol in the presence of Et3N, to yield the respective methoxo-terminated clusters. The crystal structures of complexes 1+ and 2+ confirm that methoxo ligands are coordinated to the metal centers. Gas-phase dissociation of the novel methoxo cluster cations using ESI tandem mass spectrometry reveals the sequential elimination of three neutral methanol molecules under collision induced dissociation (CID) conditions to form metal/imino M = NH cluster specie

Influence of the Diphosphine Coordinated to Molybdenum and Tungsten Triangular M3S4 Cluster Hydrides in the Catalytic Hydrodefluorination of Pentafluoropyridine

Hydrido molybdenum and tungsten(IV) cluster cations of formula [M3S4H3(dppe)3]+ (dppe = 1,2-(bis)dimethylphosphinoethane), [Mo-1]+ (M = Mo) and [W-1]+ (M = W), have been isolated by reacting their halide precursors with borohydride. Synthetic procedures have been optimized by appropriate choice of the solvent. Furthermore, [M3S4F3(dppe)3]+ fluorido cluster complexes, [Mo-2]+ (M = Mo) and [W-2]+ (M = W) have been prepared through halogen substitution reactions using an excess of cesium fluoride. The structures of [Mo-1]+ and [Mo-2]+ have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. These [M-1]+ hydrido and [M-2]+ fluorido clusters have been used as catalysts and precatalysts, respectively, in the catalytic hydrodefluorination (HDF) of pentafluoropyridine using HSiMe2Ph as hydrogen source. The reaction proceeds under microwave and reflux conditions to selectively afford 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine. The [W-1]+ hydrido cluster is the most efficient catalyst with turnover numbers of 124, while the [Mo-1]+ hydrido cluster reacts faster. Fluorido [Mo-2]+ and [W-2]+ complexes provide lower yields and turnover numbers. In general, the molybdenum and tungsten [M-1]+ and [M-2]+ diphosphino complexes are more efficient than their dmpe (1,2-(bis)dimethylphosphinoethano) analogues and activate pentafluoropyridine under softer conditionsThe financial support of the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Grant CTQ2011-23157), Universitat Jaume I (Research Project P1·1B2013-19) and Generalitat Valenciana (ACOMP/2013/215 and Prometeo/2009/053) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank the Servei Central d’Instrumentació Científica (SCIC) of the University Jaume I for providing us with the mass spectrometry, NMR and X-ray facilities. C.A. thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad for a predoctoral fellowship (FPI)

Bifunctional W/NH Cuboidal Aminophosphino W3S4 Cluster Hydrides: The Puzzling Behaviour behind the Hydridic-Protonic Interplay

The novel [W3S4H3(edpp)3]+ (edpp=(2-aminoethyl)diphenylphosphine) (1+) cluster hydride with an acidic −NH2 functionality has been synthetized and studied. Its crystal structure shows the characteristic incomplete W3S4 cubane core with the outer positions occupied by the P and N atoms of the edpp ligands. Although no signal due to the hydride ligands is observed in the 1H NMR spectrum, hydride assignment is supported by 1H-15N HSQC techniques, the changes in the 31P{1H} NMR chemical shift, and FT-IR spectra in the W−H region of the deuterated [W3S4D2H(edpp)3]+ (1+-d2) samples. Moreover, all NMR evidences suggest that one of the hydrogen atoms of the NH2 group in 1+ is rapidly exchanging with the hydride. The reaction of 1+ with acids (HCl, HBr and DCl) features complex polyphasic kinetics with zero-order dependence with respect to the acid concentration, being also independent of the solvent nature. This behavior differs from that of their diphosphino analogues, suggesting a different mechanism

Inter-Rater Variability in the Evaluation of Lung Ultrasound in Videos Acquired from COVID-19 Patients

12 páginas, 7 figuras, 1 tablaLung ultrasound (LUS) allows for the detection of a series of manifestations of COVID-19, such as B-lines and consolidations. The objective of this work was to study the inter-rater reliability (IRR) when detecting signs associated with COVID-19 in the LUS, as well as the performance of the test in a longitudinal or transverse orientation. Thirty-three physicians with advanced experience in LUS independently evaluated ultrasound videos previously acquired using the ULTRACOV system on 20 patients with confirmed COVID-19. For each patient, 24 videos of 3 s were acquired (using 12 positions with the probe in longitudinal and transverse orientations). The physicians had no information about the patients or other previous evaluations. The score assigned to each acquisition followed the convention applied in previous studies. A substantial IRR was found in the cases of normal LUS (κ = 0.74), with only a fair IRR for the presence of individual B-lines (κ = 0.36) and for confluent B-lines occupying 50% (κ = 0.50). No statistically significant differences between the longitudinal and transverse scans were found. The IRR for LUS of COVID-19 patients may benefit from more standardized clinical protocols.This research was partially funded by CDTI (Spanish acronym: Centre for Industrial Tech- nological Development), funding number COI-20201153. Partially supported by the Google Cloud Research Credits program with the funding number GCP19980904, by the project RTI2018-099118- A-I00 founded by MCIU/AEI/FEDER UE and by the European Commission–NextGenerationEU, through CSIC’s Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global)

Psychometric characteristics of the Spanish version of instruments to measure neck pain disability

[EN] Background. The NDI, COM and NPQ are evaluation instruments for disability due to NP. There was no Spanish version of NDI or COM for which psychometric characteristics were known. The objectives of this study were to translate and culturally adapt the Spanish version of the Neck Disability Index Questionnaire (NDI), and the Core Outcome Measure (COM), to validate its use in Spanish speaking patients with non-specific neck pain (NP), and to compare their psychometric characteristics with those of the Spanish version of the Northwick Pain Questionnaire (NPQ). Methods. Translation/re-translation of the English versions of the NDI and the COM was done blindly and independently by a multidisciplinary team. The study was done in 9 primary care Centers and 12 specialty services from 9 regions in Spain, with 221 acute, subacute and chronic patients who visited their physician for NP: 54 in the pilot phase and 167 in the validation phase. Neck pain (VAS), referred pain (VAS), disability (NDI, COM and NPQ), catastrophizing (CSQ) and quality of life (SF-12) were measured on their first visit and 14 days later. Patients' self-assessment was used as the external criterion for pain and disability. In the pilot phase, patients' understanding of each item in the NDI and COM was assessed, and on day 1 test-retest reliability was estimated by giving a second NDI and COM in which the name of the questionnaires and the order of the items had been changed. Results. Comprehensibility of NDI and COM were good. Minutes needed to fill out the questionnaires [median, (P25, P75)]: NDI. 4 (2.2, 10.0), COM: 2.1 (1.0, 4.9). Reliability: [ICC, (95%CI)]: NDI: 0.88 (0.80, 0.93). COM: 0.85 (0.75,0.91). Sensitivity to change: Effect size for patients having worsened, not changed and improved between days 1 and 15, according to the external criterion for disability: NDI: -0.24, 0.15, 0.66; NPQ: -0.14, 0.06, 0.67; COM: 0.05, 0.19, 0.92. Validity: Results of NDI, NPQ and COM were consistent with the external criterion for disability, whereas only those from NDI were consistent with the one for pain. Correlations with VAS, CSQ and SF-12 were similar for NDI and NPQ (absolute values between 0.36 and 0.50 on day 1, between 0.38 and 0.70 on day 15), and slightly lower for COM (between 0.36 and 0.48 on day 1, and between 0.33 and 0.61 on day 15). Correlation between NDI and NPQ: r = 0.84 on day 1, r = 0.91 on day 15. Correlation between COM and NPQ: r = 0.63 on day 1, r = 0.71 on day 15. Conclusion. Although most psychometric characteristics of NDI, NPQ and COM are similar, those from the latter one are worse and its use may lead to patients' evolution seeming more positive than it actually is. NDI seems to be the best instrument for measuring NP-related disability, since its results are the most consistent with patient's assessment of their own clinical status and evolution. It takes two more minutes to answer the NDI than to answer the COM, but it can be reliably filled out by the patient without assistanceS

Introducción y aplicación de la plataforma Moodle en prácticas de laboratorio químico

El presente trabajo constituye un ejemplo de implementación de la plataforma Moodle en clases prácticas de laboratorio químico dirigidas a estudiantes universitarios. La realización de una serie de cuestionarios a través del "Aula virtual de la Universitat Jaume I" permite que el alumnado trabaje con mayor autonomía y facilita el aprendizaje de los conceptos necesarios para el desarrollo correcto de los experimentos en el laboratorio docente.This work is an example of the implementation of Moodle platform in a Chemistry practical subject aimed at university students. A series of questionnaires accessible through the "virtual classroom of the Universitat Jaume I" allow students to work with higher autonomy and facilitates the learning of the necessary concepts required for the correct experiments development

Introduction and implementation of Moodle in Chemistry labs

El presente trabajo constituye un ejemplo de implementación de la plataforma Moodle en clases prácticas de laboratorio químico dirigidas a estudiantes universitarios. La realización de una serie de cuestionarios a través del “Aula virtual de la Universitat Jaume I” permite que el alumnado trabaje con mayor autonomía y facilita el aprendizaje de los conceptos necesarios para el desarrollo correcto de los experimentos en el laboratorio docente.This work is an example of the implementation of Moodle platform in a Chemistry practical subject aimed at university students. A series of questionnaires accessible through the “virtual classroom of the Universitat Jaume I” allow students to work with higher autonomy and facilitates the learning of the necessary concepts required for the correct experiments development

Clústeres Sulfuro Trimetálicos de Molibdeno y Wolframio Funcionalizados con Ligandos Difosfina o Aminofosfina y sus Aplicaciones en Catálisis Orgánica

The research work described in this thesis presents the synthesis, characterization and properties of a new family of trimetallic M3(&mu;3-S)(&mu;2-S)3 molybdenum and tungsten sulfide clusters. Functionalization of the cluster unit has been done by incorporating different chelating ligands such as diphosphines and heterodentate aminophosphines in order to confer specific physicochemical properties such as water solubility or catalytic activity. In particular, water&nbsp;soluble&nbsp;diphosphines&nbsp;and&nbsp;aminophosphines&nbsp;have&nbsp;been&nbsp;coordinated&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;M3S4 unit in order to evaluate the potential applications of these new derivatives in environmentally friendly biphasic catalysis and homogenous organic catalysis, respectively. The first chapter of the thesis describes the background, relevance and importance of the chemistry of transition metal clusters. General aspects on the chemistry of molybdenum and tungsten trinuclear clusters are shown together with their last novel applications. The second chapter shows the main objectives of this research project. The preparation and characterization of novel water soluble cluster compounds of formula [M3S4X3(hydroxyalkyldiphosphine)3]+ (M=Mo, W; X=Cl, Br; hydroxyalkyldiphosphine = dhprpe, dhbupe) is described in chapter 3. Detailed studies based on 31P{1H} NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry techniques have been carried out in order to understand the complex pH dependent aqueous speciation of these water soluble clusters. In chapter 4, the synthesis of molybdenum (IV) hydroxo [Mo3S4(dmpe)3(OH)3]+&nbsp; and hydrosulfido [Mo3S4(dmpe)3(SH)3]+ trimetallic cuboidal cluster complexes is presented. A comparative study between molybdenum and tungsten of the gas-phase aldehyde production from the M3S4 ethoxo complexes combining collision induced dissociation experiments with computational DFT calculations is also discussed. In chapter 5, the catalytic activity of molybdenum and tungsten (IV) cluster hydrides of formula [M3S4H3(dmpe)3]+ (M=Mo, W) in the regioselective hydrodefluorination of pentafluoropyridine at the 4-position has been evaluated. A mechanism for the catalytic reaction has been proposed based on experimental results and DFT calculations. Additionally, the fluorinated [M3S4F3(dmpe)3]+ complexes have been fully characterized. In chapter 6, an aminophosphine ligand, (2-aminoethyl)diphenylphosphine (edpp),&nbsp; containing a NH2 protonic function has been coordinated to the molybdenum and tungsten M3(&mu;3-S)(&mu;-S)3 cluster unit to afford for the first time trimetallic aminophosphine complexes. The activity of the molybdenum [Mo3S4X3(edpp)3]+ (X=Cl, Br) clusters in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of nitroarenes has been investigated. Cluster catalysis is demonstrated from reaction monitoring using a pressurized sample infusion (PSI) ESI mass spectrometric technique. The reactivity of the tungsten [W3S4Br3(edpp)3]+ cation&nbsp; towards alcohols, bases and halides salts has been investigated using a combination of spectrometric and spectroscopic techniques.&nbsp; Molybdenum and tungsten [M3S4X3(edpp)3]+ (X=Cl, Br) complexes have been derivatized to afford a novel family of&nbsp; trinuclear clusters bearing alkoxo terminal ligands. In Chapter 7, details of the synthetic procedures together with the experimental and theoretical characterization are shown. Finally, chapter 8 shows the main conclusions of this Ph. D. thesis.</p

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women