What Is Cooking in the Pots of the Chiloe Archipelago? A Multiproxy Approach to Determine the Presence of Horticultural Groups

What Is Cooking in the Pots of the Chiloe Archipelago? A Multiproxy Approach to Determine the Presence of Horticultural Groups Marine hunter-gatherers groups have occupied the northern-Patagonian channels since ~6000 yrs cal BP. Isotopic analyses of human remains plus lithic and faunal studies show that they have a strong marine diet with small variations toward the lateHolocene. In the last 300 years, post-European contact, there is a significant change in diet related to contact with other groups that carry pottery and domesticated species, that would have occurred ~ 1000 years cal BP, but with no direct archaeological evidence that refers to this important change in the cultural trajectories. To evaluate possible changes in the consumption of wild anddomesticated species and marine resources due to acquisition of this new technology, we carried out residue analysis of the pottery sherds, to see what old and new ingredients are being prepared in the ceramic vessels. The sample comes from sites of the Chiloe archipelago, ascribed to the prehispanic traditions, some related to the late ceramic period and others to the historical period. We shall compare these results with stable isotope studies and faunal, botanical and lithic assemblages of sites prior to this moment of contact to understand changes and social interactions between different social and cultural systems.Fil: Reyes, Omar. No especifíca;Fil: Belmar, Carolina. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Tessone, Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica; ArgentinaFil: San Román, Manuel. No especifíca;Fil: Morello, Flavia. No especifíca;85th Annual Meeting of the Society for American ArchaeologyEstados UnidosSociety for American Archaeolog

Propuesta integradora para un estudio del uso de plantas con propiedades psicoactivas en pipas del período alfarero temprano y sus implicancias sociales

Th is is a new comprehensive approximation to the study of the act of smoking, incorporating the investigation of the social aspects of smoking and the selection of plants through the collection of direct and indirect information. Ethnohistoric and ethnographic documents were consulted, and we obtained direct evidence through the application of recovery techniques and the analysis of microfossils contained in the residues found in pipes from archaeological sites in the northern semi-arid, central and southern Chile. Furthermore, the social operational chain involved in the action of smoking is an important part of this study, as is reaching wider conclusions, reason for which a new approach has been proposed with the object of understanding the defi nition of Smoking Complex.The preliminary results support this study, with the observation of the differential depositation in the chambers and pipes/mouthpieces (cultural depositation) and sediment (natural depositation). In turn, the study differentiates various categories of microfossils and highlights the presence of starches with characteristics that may be attributed to Nicotiana spp. As a part of this proposal, the sequence of social contents linked to the act of smoking is explained and graphically shownas an operational model.Diccionario    Este trabajo es una nueva aproximación integral al estudio de pipas prehispánicas, incorporando la indagación de los aspectos sociales involucrados en el acto de fumar, y la selección de plantas utilizadas para esa finalidad, a través de la recopilación de información indirecta y directa. Se consultaron fuentes etnohistóricas y etnográfi cas que aportan al tema, y se aplicaron técnicas de recuperación y análisis de microfósiles contenidos en residuos adheridos de pipas procedentes de sitios arqueológicos del norte semiárido, zona central y sur de Chile. La cadena social operativa que se desarrolla en los diversos procesos que confluyen en la acción de fumar, es parte importante de este estudio, así como lo es llegar a conclusiones más amplias al proponer un nuevo enfoque para entender la definición de Complejos Fumatorios.Los primeros resultados obtenidos avalan la dirección positiva del estudio realizado, con la observación de residuos diferenciales en los hornillos y los tubos/boquillas (depositación cultural) y los sedimentos (depositación natural). A su vez se discriminan diversas categorías de microfósiles, y se destaca la presencia de almidones cuyas características pueden atribuirse a Nicotiana spp. Como parte de la propuesta, la secuencia de contenidos sociales vinculados a la acción de fumar, es explicada y graficada en un modelo operacional.  

El consumo de plantas en el archipiélago patagónico septentrional (41°-47° S, Chile), desde los 6000 años hasta tiempos históricos. Una mirada integrada a partir de los microfósiles de residuos de uso cerámico y cálculo dental humano

En el archipiélago patagónico septentrional (comprende el archipiélago de Chiloé y de losChonos), los estudios distribucionales de los sitios arqueológicos, junto a los análisisarqueofaunísticos, tecnológicos y dieta inferida sobre los valores isotópicos en restos humanosmuestran que las estrategias de subsistencia se fundamentaron en la pesca, la caza y larecolección de recursos marinos por cerca de ~6000 años (Reyes, 2020). El siglo XVI marca lallegada de colonos europeo en la zona, con cambios y continuidades en los modos desubsistencia distinguibles en ambas áreas archipelágicas. En el archipiélago de los Chonos semantienen los patrones de subsistencia marina mientras que en el archipiélago de Chiloé elcambio en los modos de subsistencia es abrupto, pasando a dietas mayoritariamente terrestres.Nuestro interés es poder integrar a esta evaluación la información desarrollada sobre el consumode plantas, distinguiendo que sucede temporalmente entre estos momentos pre y poscontactoeuropeo comparando los resultados obtenidos en los dos archipiélagos. Con ello dimensionamosla relevancia del consumo de recursos terrestres, como lo son las plantas, y los posibles cambiosproducto del contacto europeo y la llegada de nuevas poblaciones. Para ello analizamos lapresencia de microfósiles vegetales contenidos en los residuos de uso de cerámica y en elcálculo dental humano. Para lo primero, estudiamos el contenido de fragmentos cerámicosprocedentes de 11 sitios del archipiélago de Chiloé, que corresponden a cerámica prehispánica(~700 años), y a cerámica Histórica. En relación con el segundo estudio, examinamos laevidencia de microfósiles contenida en el cálculo dental de 88 individuos de 25 sitiosarqueológicos (~4400-150 años cal AP) procedentes del archipiélago patagónico septentrional.Fil: Belmar, Carolina. Universidad de Chile.; ChileFil: Reyes, Omar. Universidad de Magallanes; ChileFil: Tessone, Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica; ArgentinaFil: Urbina, Ximena. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; ChileIII Jornadas Argentinas de Etnobiología y SociedadArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Análisis CerámicoUniversidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Laboratorio de Etnobotanica y Botánica AplicadaUniversidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Grupo de Etnobiología y Micrografia Aplicad

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Delivery in Individuals with Different Pathologies: Multimodal Tracking, Safety and Future Applications

Bioluminescence; Radioiodine therapy; TransdifferentiationBioluminiscencia; Terapia con yodo radiactivo; TransdiferenciaciónBioluminescència; Teràpia amb iode radioactiu; TransdiferenciacióDue to their ease of isolation and their properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely investigated. MSCs have been proved capable of migration towards areas of inflammation, including tumors. Therefore, they have been suggested as vectors to carry therapies, specifically to neoplasias. As most of the individuals joining clinical trials that use MSCs for cancer and other pathologies are carefully recruited and do not suffer from other diseases, here we decided to study the safety and application of iv-injected MSCs in animals simultaneously induced with different inflammatory pathologies (diabetes, wound healing and tumors). We studied this by in vitro and in vivo approaches using different gene reporters (GFP, hNIS, and f-Luc) and non-invasive techniques (PET, BLI, or fluorescence). Our results found that MSCs reached different organs depending on the previously induced pathology. Moreover, we evaluated the property of MSCs to target tumors as vectors to deliver adenoviruses, including the interaction between tumor microenvironment and MSCs on their arrival. Mechanisms such as transdifferentiation, MSC fusion with cells, or paracrine processes after MSCs homing were studied, increasing the knowledge and safety of this new therapy for cancer.This research was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI19/01007 and DTS21/00130) and by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (Feder) “Una manera de hacer Europa”. We also thank CIBER-BBN and CIBERONC an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&i Plan 2008–2011 financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) with the assistance of the European Regional Development Fund. This study was also partially funded by the Aragon Government (Ph.D. Grant No.r B054/12) and cofounded by Aragon/FEDER 2014–2020 “Building Europe from Aragon”. This research was funded by Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) SAF2015-69964-R, RTI2018-099343-B-100 and from the CiberOnc by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (to ADlV)

Diversidad en el aula: perspectiva de género y migración en el sistema educativo chileno

Una sociedad que aspira a mejorar la calidad de la educación debe enfocarse en todos los factores que rodean la dinámica escolar, siendo uno de estos el enfoque de género. El artículo aborda la temática a partir de las directrices que entrega el Ministerio de Educación chileno, haciendo una revisión desde la normativa jurídica, curricular, y de la puesta en marcha de acciones que orientan el quehacer educativo. Los hallazgos indican que existe discordancia entre el discurso oficial y la implementación de las normativas en los establecimientos educacionales, como también detectan algunas falencias en torno a la selección de contenidos y su concreción en el aula.A society that aspires to improve the quality of education must focus on all the factors surrounding the school dynamics, being one of these, the gender approach. The article addresses the topic from the guidelines delivered by the Ministry of Education of Chile, making a revision from the legal regulations, curriculum standards and the implemented actions which guide the educational work. The findings indicate that there is disagreement between the official speech and the implementation of the normative in educational establishments, as well as flaws in the selection of contents and its concretion in the classroom are detected.Dossier: Justicia social, educación y equida

Landscape of germline BRCA1/BRCA2 variants in breast and ovarian cancer in Peru

BackgroundThere is an increasing amount of data from Latin America on the characterization of BRCA variants; however, there is limited information from Peru. We conducted a retrospective study to describe germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic(P/LP) variants and variants of uncertain/unknown significance (VUS) in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in Peru, in patients with breast and ovarian cancer, candidates for treatment with poly (adenosine diphosphate–ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors.MethodsThe patients were evaluated during the period 2019-2021. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples and targeted sequencing was performed using the Ampliseq BRCA panel. Genetic variant interpretation was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the American College of Medical Genetics and ClinVar. During this period, 525 patients (143 with breast cancer and 382 with ovarian cancer) were studied. ResultsWe found that 14.7% (21/143) of breast cancer patients and 20.7% (79/382) of ovarian cancer patients were carriers of P/LP variants in BRCA1/2. The most frequent pathogenic variants detected in BRCA1 were c.2105dupT (BIC: 2224insT, n=12, 18.75%), c.68_69delAG (BIC: 185delAG, n=6, 9.38%), c.140G>T and c.815_824dupAGCCATGTGG (n=5, 7.81%), while in BRCA2 were c.8023A>G (n=6, 16.67%), c.6024dupG (BIC: 6252insG, n=4, 11.11%), and c.9235delG (BIC: 9463delG, n=3, 8.33%). Regarding VUS, we found that 6.99% (10/143) of breast cancer patients and 7.33% (28/382) of ovarian cancer patients were carriers of a VUS in BRCA1/2. For BRCA1, the most frequent VUS was c.93C>G (n=2), and for BRCA2, c.5465A>T (n=4), c.3101T>C (n=3), c.205C>A and c.437T>C (n=2). ConclusionWe found a frequency of 14.7% germline mutations in breast cancer patients and 20.7% in ovarian cancer patients. The most recurrent mutations were BRCA1 c.2105dupT and BRCA2 c.8023A>G. We found that BRCA2 c.8023A>G, c.6024dupG, and c.9235delG were not previously reported in Peruvian patients. BRCA1 c.2344dupA is a novel mutation that has not been previously reported in any database. The frequency of VUS in our cohort was 7.2%

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Delivery in Individuals with Different Pathologies: Multimodal Tracking, Safety and Future Applications

Due to their ease of isolation and their properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely investigated. MSCs have been proved capable of migration towards areas of inflammation, including tumors. Therefore, they have been suggested as vectors to carry therapies, specifically to neoplasias. As most of the individuals joining clinical trials that use MSCs for cancer and other pathologies are carefully recruited and do not suffer from other diseases, here we decided to study the safety and application of iv-injected MSCs in animals simultaneously induced with different inflammatory pathologies (diabetes, wound healing and tumors). We studied this by in vitro and in vivo approaches using different gene reporters (GFP, hNIS, and f-Luc) and non-invasive techniques (PET, BLI, or fluorescence). Our results found that MSCs reached different organs depending on the previously induced pathology. Moreover, we evaluated the property of MSCs to target tumors as vectors to deliver adenoviruses, including the interaction between tumor microenvironment and MSCs on their arrival. Mechanisms such as transdifferentiation, MSC fusion with cells, or paracrine processes after MSCs homing were studied, increasing the knowledge and safety of this new therapy for cancer.This research was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI19/01007 and DTS21/00130) and by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (Feder) “Una manera de hacer Europa”. We also thank CIBER-BBN and CIBERONC an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&i Plan 2008–2011 financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) with the assistance of the European Regional Development Fund. This study was also partially funded by the Aragon Government (Ph.D. Grant No.r B054/12) and cofounded by Aragon/FEDER 2014–2020 “Building Europe from Aragon”. This research was funded by Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) SAF2015-69964-R, RTI2018-099343-B-100 and from the CiberOnc by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (to ADlV).S

Assessing plant consumption and use among marine hunter gatherers and fishers through dental calculus studies of the northern Patagonian channels (41°30’- 47° S)

Se presenta en este trabajo los resultados del análisis del contenido microfósil del tártaro dental de 49 individuos procedentes de 17 sitios arqueológicos del archipiélago de Chiloé y de los Chonos con cronologías entre ~4400 a 300 años cal AP. Evaluamos la información obtenida anteriormente sobre los valores δ13C y δ15N de isótopos estables en el que se revela una dieta eminentemente marina para estos grupos cazadores recolectores, señalando la invisibilización del uso/consumo de recursos vegetales en relación a la dieta predominante. La integración de esta línea de evidencia ha permitido registrar el consumo alimenticio de algas marinas, plantas silvestres y domesticadas, algunas con propiedades medicinales y psicoactivas, además del uso parafuncional de la cavidad bucal de acuerdo a la presencia de restos asignables a tallos de plantas usadas en la confección de cestería. Por último, la identificación de la ingesta de plantas domesticadas en el archipiélago septentrional, constituye un bio-indicador arqueológico que permite proyectar contactos entre diferentes trayectorias culturales, la de los grupos canoeros y hortícolas, a través de la secuencia temporal.This paper presents the results of the study of the microfossil content of the human dental calculus of 49 individuals from 17 archaeological sites of the Chiloé and Los Chonos archipelago with chronologies between ~4400 to 300 years cal BP. The previous δ13C and δ15N stable isotope values of the inhabitants of this area revealed an eminently marine diet for these hunter gatherers. Nevertheless, in relation to their predominant diet, the consumption of plant resources has remained unseen. The integration of this type of evidence has allowed us to detect the consumption of seaweed, wild and domesticated plants, some with medicinal and psychoactive properties, in addition to the functional use of the oral cavity based on the presence of remains of plant stems used in basketry. Finally, the presence of domesticated plants in the northern archipelagos constitutes a bio-indicator of archaeological remains that allows us to project contacts between different cultural pathways of the marine hunter gatherers and horticultural groups throughout the temporal sequence.Fil: Belmar, Carolina A.. Universidad de Chile.; ChileFil: Reyes, Omar. Universidad de Magallanes; ChileFil: Albornoz, Ximena. El Algarrobo 47C; ChileFil: Tessone, Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica; ArgentinaFil: San Román, Manuel. Universidad de Magallanes; ChileFil: Morello, Flavia. Universidad de Magallanes; ChileFil: Urbina, Ximena. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Chil

Dinámica espacial y temporal de las ocupaciones prehispánicas en la cuenca hidrográfica del rio Limari (30° Lat. S.).

Este trabajo discute la secuencia de desarrollo histórico prehispánico en el Norte Semiárido de Chile a partir del estudio de las dinámicas espaciales y temporales de las ocupaciones humanas en la cuenca hidrográfica del río Limarí. A partir del estudio de asentamientos, materiales depositados en colecciones y arte rupestre se observa una secuencia de transformaciones y desarrollo desde el Arcaico Temprano hasta el período Incaico que diverge de lo tradicionalmente planteado para la región, reconociéndose ritmos de cambios sociales diferenciales dentro de la misma zona, especialmente en relación con la tradicional asociación entre incorporación de cerámica y la constitución de un modo de vida agrícola. La incorporación del arte rupestre permite articular sus características espaciales y representacionales con procesos más amplios, discutiéndose las relaciones establecidas entre dinámicas y cambios sociales con los flujos de información que producen las representaciones rupestres y sus respectivas audiencias.This paper discusses the pre-Hispanic sequence of historical development in the semiarid north of Chile through the study of spatial and temporal dynamics of human occupation in the Limari valley. Based on the study of settlements, museum collections and rock art, a sequence of transformations and development between the Early Archaic and Inca Period is observed that differs from what is traditionally known of the area. In this time frame, social changes such as the adoption of pottery and the constitution of an agrarian way of life, occur at different paces in both time and space within the same Limari valley. We discuss spatial and representational characteristics of rock art in relation to pre-hispanic social processes, emphasizing the links between audiences, flows of information and the dynamics of social life.Fil: Troncoso, Andrés. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Vergara, Francisco. No especifica;Fil: Pavlovic, Daniel. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: González, Paola. No especifica;Fil: Pino, Mariela. No especifica;Fil: Larach, Pablo. No especifica;Fil: Escudero, Antonia. No especifica;Fil: La Mura, Natalia. No especifica;Fil: Moya, Francisca. No especifica;Fil: Pérez, Isidora. No especifica;Fil: Gutiérrez, Renata. No especifica;Fil: Pascual, Daniel. No especifica;Fil: Belmar, Carolina. No especifica;Fil: Basile, Mara Valeria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Museo Etnográfico "Juan B. Ambrosetti"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: López, Patricio. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Dávila, Cristian. No especifica;Fil: Vásquez, María José. No especifica;Fil: Urzúa, Paula. No especifica

Under the floor of the Church. An archaeological study in a context of heritage restoration in San Juan, Chiloé (Chile)

La restauración patrimonial de monumentos históricos presenta particulares desafíos de implementación. En este escenario el trabajo arqueológico es parte fundamental de aquel proceso constructivo, legal, de conservación y comunitario. Presentamos los resultados de la documentación y excavaciones arqueológicas realizadas bajo el piso de la centenaria Iglesia de San Juan (Dalcahue, Chiloé) y del sitio arqueológico San Juan 1, en el archipiélago patagónico occidental. Las inhumaciones históricas (ca. 280 a 140 años cal AP) y los diversos materiales arqueológicos recuperados desde matrices sedimentarias formadas por una sucesión de ocupaciones por parte de cazadores recolectores marinos (desde ca. 6.000 AP), constituyen un conjunto de información que nutre la secuencia cultural del área. Así, los análisis bioantropológicos, cerámicos, líticos, arqueofaunísticos e históricos realizados nos informan sobre la subsistencia de los grupos humanos y parte de los conjuntos tecnológicos utilizados y descartados tanto en tiempos prehispánicos como históricos en la isla de Chiloé. Se espera que la implementación de este trabajo contribuya con estrategias futuras de restauración y puesta en valor que respeten los usos históricos y contemporáneos de diversas localidades patrimoniales.Heritage restoration of historic monuments involves specific challenges for its implementation. In this scenario, archaeological work is a fundamental part of that legal, conservation, and community process. We present the results of the documentation and archaeological excavations carried out beneath the floor of the centenarian Church of San Juan (Dalcahue, Chiloé) and the San Juan 1 archaeological site in the western Patagonian archipelago. Historical burials (ca. 280 to 140 cal years BP) and diverse archaeological materials recovered from sedimentary matrices that resulted from a succession of occupations by marine hunter-gatherers (from ca. 6.000 BP) constitute a set of information that supports the cultural sequence of the area. Thus, the bioanthropological, ceramic, lithic, archaeofaunistic, and historical analyses inform us about the subsistence of human groups and part of the technological assemblages used and discarded both in pre-Hispanic and historical times at Chiloé island. We expect that the example set in this work contributes to future restoration and enhancement strategies that respect historical and contemporary uses of various heritage sites