Characterization of the human ridged and non-ridged skin: a comprehensive histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis

The structure of the human skin is directly dependent on its location and the mechanical forces to which it is subjected. In the present work, we have performed a comprehensive analysis of the human ridged and non-ridged skin to identify the differences and similarities between both skin types. For this purpose, human skin samples were obtained from dorsal hand skin (DHS), palmar hand skin (PHS), dorsal foot skin (DFS) and plantar foot skin (PFS) from the same cadaveric donors. Histological, histochemical and semiquantitative and quantitative immunohistochemical analyses were carried out to evaluate the epidermis, dermis and basement membrane. Results show that the epithelial layer of ridged skin had larger cell number and size than non-ridged skin for most strata. Melanocytes and Langerhans cells were more abundant in non-ridged skin, whereas Merkel cells were preferentially found in ridged skin. The expression pattern of CK5/6 was slightly differed between non-ridged and ridged skin. Involucrin expression was slightly more intense in non-ridged skin than in ridged skin. Collagen was more abundant in foot skin dermis than in hand skin, and in ridged skin as compared to non-ridged skin. Elastic fibers were more abundant in DHS. Biglycan was more abundant in foot skin than in hand skin. No differences were found for blood and lymphatic vessels. The basement membrane laminin was preferentially found in foot skin. These results revealed important differences at the epithelial, dermal and basement membrane levels that could contribute to a better knowledge of the human skin histology.This work was partially supported by Award no. AC17/00013 (NanoGSkin) by ISCIII thorough AES 2017 and within the EuroNanoMed framework

Emergence and spread of a B.1.1.28-derived P.6 lineage with Q675H and Q677H spike mutations in Uruguay

Uruguay controlled the viral dissemination during the first nine months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Unfortunately, towards the end of 2020, the number of daily new cases exponentially increased. Herein, we analyzed the country-wide genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 between November 2020 and April 2021. We identified that the most prevalent viral variant during the first epidemic wave in Uruguay (December 2020–February 2021) was a B.1.1.28 sublineage carrying Spike mutations Q675H + Q677H, now designated as P.6, followed by lineages P.2 and P.7. P.6 probably arose around November 2020, in Montevideo, Uruguay’s capital department, and rapidly spread to other departments, with evidence of further local transmission clusters; it also spread sporadically to the USA and Spain. The more efficient dissemination of lineage P.6 with respect to P.2 and P.7 and the presence of mutations (Q675H and Q677H) in the proximity of the key cleavage site at the S1/S2 boundary suggest that P.6 may be more transmissible than other lineages co-circulating in Uruguay. Although P.6 was replaced by the variant of concern (VOC) P.1 as the predominant lineage in Uruguay since April 2021, the monitoring of the concurrent emergence of Q675H + Q677H in VOCs should be of worldwide interest

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Research of methods for teachers to acquire the necessary knowledge for the development of 21st century skills in students in the face of post-pandemic global changes

La pandemia ocasionada por el covid-19 ha cambiado de una manera trascendental la manera como se imparte educación a nuestros niños según la UNESCO más de 1.200 millones de estudiantes abundaron el aula en el contexto de la pandemia, lo que nos obliga a replantearnos cual es la mejor manera de desarrollar las habilidades del siglo XXI a través de la capacitación del personal docente, para esto se analizó de manera muy detenida la posición y opinión de cada uno de los actores que intervienen en el proceso educativo buscando las falencias y los mejores modelos de mejora.The pandemic caused by the covid-19 has changed in a transcendental way the the way our children are educated according to UNESCO more than 1,200 million of students filled the classroom in the context of the pandemic, forcing us to rethink what is the best way to develop 21st century skills through training of the teaching staff, for this the position and opinion of each one of the actors involved in the educational process looking for the shortcomings and the best improvement models.Especialista en Gestión HumanaEspecializació

Increased mortality of Acanthoscelides obtectus by alkane-grown Beauveria bassiana

The effect of alkane-growth induction of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes), on the ability to kill the bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), was tested. Adult insects were sprayed with an 0.01% Tween 20 aqueous suspension of 4 × 10⁶ conidia/ml. The performance of fungi grown in complete agar medium containing glucose as carbon source (FS₀) was compared to that of alkane-grown fungi (FS₁) with n-hexadecane as the only carbon source. Mortality increased (p < 0.05) from 22 ± 4.5% to 44 ± 11.4% at day 7, and from 26 ± 5.5% to 60 ± 7.1% 14 days after treatment with FS₀ or FS₁ respectively. The insect epicuticular hydrocarbons were analysed by capillary gas chromatography (CGC); major components were saturated hydrocarbons, 27 to 29 carbons in length. A variety of methyl-branched isomers of C27 were the prevailing structures, and nC27 was the major straight chain component. Whole insect hydrocarbons were qualitatively identical to those of the epicuticular surface. Oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids accounted for almost 88% of the fungal fatty acids, irrespective of the carbon source used for growth; however, the unsaturated/saturated ratio diminished markedly from 4.32 (FS₀) to 2.47 (FS₁). These results indicate that alkane supplementation of culture media might be a tool to improve the virulence of some mycoinsecticides.Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plat

Expression of tachykinins and tachykinin receptors and interaction with kisspeptin in human granulosa and cumulus cells

The neurokinin B/NK receptor (NK3R) and kisspeptin/ kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R), two systems which are essential for reproduction, are coexpressed in human mural granulosa (MGC) and cumulus cells (CCs). However, little is known about the presence of other members of the tachykinin family in the human ovary. In the present study, we analyzed the expression of substance P (SP), hemokinin-1 (HK-1), NK1 receptor (NK1R), and NK2 receptor (NK2R) in MGCs and CCs collected from preovulatory follicles of oocyte donors at the time of oocyte retrieval. RT-PCR, quantitative RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and Western blotting were used to investigate the patterns of expression of tachykinin and tachykinin receptor mRNAs and proteins and the possible interaction between the tachykinin family and kisspeptin. Intracellular free Ca levels ([Ca]i) in MGCs after exposure to SP or kisspeptin in the presence of SP were also measured. We found that SP, HK-1, the truncated NK1R isoform NK1R-Tr, and NK2R were all expressed in MGCs and CCs. NK1R-Tr mRNA and NK2R mRNA and protein levels were higher in MGCs than in CCs from the same patients. Treatment of cells with kisspeptin modulated the expression of HK-1, NK3R, and KISS1R mRNAs, whereas treatment with SP regulated kisspeptin mRNA levels and reduced the [Ca]i response produced by kisspeptin. These data demonstrate that the whole tachykinin system is expressed and acts in coordination with kisspeptin to regulate granulosa cell function in the human ovary.The authors thank Dr. Françoise Bono for the generous gift of SR140333 and SR48968.Peer reviewe

Detail engineering cultural complex in Funza, Cundinamarca - Codinciv

Con la creciente necesidad del desarrollo de espacios donde se fomente la inclusión ciudadana en la cultura, el arte, el deporte y la educación, nace la idea de crear un centro de participación social que integre todos los aspectos nombrados anteriormente, por lo cual CODINCIV a través del diseño, programación, gestión y coordinación del proyecto Complejo Cultural Funza busca cumplir el objetivo de crear una proyección de perspectiva social y cultural en el municipio de Funza, para esto CODINCIV abordara la necesidad desde sus diferentes áreas de trabajo que garantizan diseños seguros y óptimos.With the increasing necessity of developing spaces where citizen inclusion in culture, art, sports and education is encouraged, the idea of creating a center for social participation that integrates all the aspects mentioned above was conceived. CODINCIV through the design, programming, management and coordination of the Funza Cultural Complex project seeks to fulfill the objective of creating a projection of social and cultural perspective in the municipality of Funza, for this CODINCIV will focus on the need from its different areas of work that guarantee safe and optimal designs.Ingeniero (a) CivilPregrad

"Orígenes": un proyecto de investigación del monumento natural "Cuevas de Fuentes de León" y su influencia en la economía local

En este artículo describimos cómo el proyecto arqueológico “ORÍGENES” ha influido en la economía local de la pequeña población de Fuentes de León, al sur de la provincia de Badajoz. Hace catorce años, cuando comenzó el proyecto, la base económica principal de Fuentes de León era la agricultura y fundamentalmente la ganadería extensiva especialmente dedicada a la cría y engorde del cerdo ibérico. Actualmente, gracias al desarrollo del proyecto ORÍGENES, estas cuevas son un punto de referencia para el turismo cultural en Extremadura. Más de un centenar de alojamientos turísticos de diferentes categorías y varios restaurantes han hecho que esta actividad se convierta en uno de los principales motores económicos de la localidad.With this paper we are going to describe how an Archeological Project (“ORIGENES”) has influenced in the economic system in a little village, Fuentes de León, on south of Badajoz province. Fourteen years ago, when we have started our Project, in Fuentes de León the main economic resource was the agriculture and, over all, the pigs breedings. There was no restaurants and lodgings in the locality. Today the archeological Project “ORÍGENES” has converted these caves with archeological deposit in a focal point for the cultural tourism in Extremadura. More than a hundred of accommodation units with differents categories and several restaurants have done of this activity the main economic resource of this locality.peerReviewe

Monismo y dualismo: Apuntes de jurisprudencia sobre el control constitucional de los tratados en Colombia

Entre las principales teorías del derecho internacional encontramos el dualismo y el monismo. La primera, entiende el derecho interno (nacional) y el derecho internacional como dos sistemas jurídicos que coexisten de manera separada, por lo que no se relacionan entre sí. Por otro lado, el monismo parte de la idea que los sistemas se cruzan. Al hacer parte de un mismo sistema, hay dos variantes de esta teoría. El monismo moderado con primacía del derecho internacional considera que este es superior que el derecho nacional. Por otro lado, el monismo moderado interno plantea lo opuesto. Cuales quiera que sea la teoría monista adoptada, busca que el "inferior" se adecue a sus principios. A partir del estudio del fenómeno de control constitucional en Colombia se evidencia la aplicación de las distintas teorías. En ese sentido, la obligatoriedad y eficacia del derecho internacional es cuestionada al ser contrastado con el derecho interno, particularmente con la Constitución de 1991. En Colombia, los tratados son incorporados mediante las leyes. Gracias al artículo 241 de la Constitución, la Corte Constitucional está facultada para analizar las leyes aprobatorias de tratado y contrastarlos con la Constitución. Aunque hoy en día el control constitucional es posterior a la ley aprobatoria y previo a que el ejecutivo ratifique un tratado, en los orígenes de esta figura surgió la polémica de los tratados con inconstitucionalidad sobreviniente. En ese sentido, los compromisos internacionales adoptados por Colombia antes del 91 pueden ser contrarios a la Constitución. Tal situación pone en entre dicho el principio de pacta sunt servanda. Sin embargo, como se estudiará a continuación, han sido diversos escenarios en los cuales se estudió la constitucionalidad de los tratados internacionales variando entre el dualismo y el monismo moderado. Con eso presente, en este documento, encontrarán nueve sentencias hito de control constitucional de los tratados. En cada una de ellas se analizará cómo llego la norma a ser estudiada por la Corte, los argumentos para su inconstitucionalidad, las consideraciones de la Corte, la teoría que aplicó y un breve comentario sobre la decisión y sus implicaciones