Análisis de los factores relevantes para la emisión de bonos en el Mercado de Valores costarricense

Proyecto de graduación (Licenciatura en Administración de Empresas. Enfasis en Finanzas) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Administración de Empresas, 2012.El presente estudio se realizó en el primer semestre del año 2012 con el fin de identificar los factores que definen las condiciones en las que se emiten los bonos con plazos de 5 años en colones y dólares, así como su relación con la calificación de riesgo asignado en el mercado costarricense para ese período. La investigación se dividió en siete capítulos, en el primero se definió el problema de investigación y con base a este los objetivos y alcance del estudio. Posteriormente, se creó un marco teórico el cual sustentó los conceptos y temas implicados en el estudio seguido de un marco metodológico en el que se detallan las pautas de la investigación. Por último, la tercera etapa consistió en el trabajo de campo, durante el cual se aplicaron entrevistas a la población en estudio, las entidades que tenían inscritas alguna emisión de bonos a 5 años plazo en colones o dólares en Costa Rica en el primer semestre del año 2012

Thiosulfinate-Enriched Allium sativum Extract as an Adjunct to Antibiotic Treatment of Sepsis in a Rat Peritonitis Model

Up to now, there are no studies that have shown a decrease in morbidity and mortality in the context of sepsis and septic shock, except for antibiotic therapy and the objective-guided resuscitation strategy. The goal was to evaluate the use of thiosulfinate-enriched Allium sativum extract (TASE) as an adjuvant in the management of sepsis. An experimental in vivo study was carried out with male Sprague Dawley® rats. Animals were randomized in three treatment groups: the control group (I), antibiotic (ceftriaxone) treatment group (II) and ceftriaxone plus TASE treatment group (III). All animals were housed and inoculated with 1 × 1010 CFU/15 mL of intraperitoneal Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Subsequently, they received a daily treatment according to each group for 7 days. Clinical, analytical, microbiological, and histopathological parameters were evaluated. Statistically significant clinical improvement was observed in the ceftriaxone plus TASE vs. ceftriaxone group in weight, ocular secretions, whiskers separation and physical activity level (p ≤ 0.05). When comparing interleukins on the third day of treatment between II and III, we found statistically significant differences in IL-1 levels (p < 0.05). Blood and peritoneal liquid cultures of group I were positive for multisensitive E. coli. Group II and III cultures were negative for E. coli, although an overgrowth of Enterococcus faecalis was found. In conclusion, TASE used as an adjuvant to antibiotic treatment in the management of sepsis could improve response profiles with sepsis attenuation, thus reducing overall mortality after an animal peritonitis model

Los proyectos de extensión social como mecanismos de intervención

La Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira a través de la Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones Innovación y Extensión busca promover la Extensión Universitaria como una estrategia que permite a la Universidad el intercambio, aplicación e integración del conocimiento cientí co, tecnológico, artístico y cultural, la vinculación con la realidad social, cultural, económica y productiva de la región y del país. Estas actividades le dan valor a las capacidades institucionales y generan una articulación e integración entre la docencia y la investigación, lo cual permite la identi cación de problemáticas y la propuesta de alternativas de solución; además de identi car oportunidades en el sector externo para realizar intervenciones y alianzas que conduzcan a fortalecer y aportar al desarrollo económico, cultural y el bienestar de la comunidad en general.Convocatoria interna para la financiación de proyectos de extensión social, cultural y artísticoVicerrectoria de investigaciones, innovación y extensiónTABLA DE CONTENIDO PRÓLOGO.............................................................................................................5 EIDOS ENSAMBLE EXTENSIÓN CULTURAL FORMACIÓN DE PÚBLICOS .............................................................................................................8 Carmen Elisa Vanegas L PROYECTO “ARCO, VIOLIN Y FLECHAS. SEMBRANDO SEMILLAS DE PAZ”................................................................................................................18 Fredy Muñoz Navarro MARIPOSAS........................................................................................................31 Diego González Ocampo Sonia Liliana Ramírez ESCUELA ITINERANTE: PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN PARA LA RECUPERACIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO FOTOGRÁFICO EN RISARALDA........................................................................................................41 Johana Guarín Medina CONSTRUYENDO FUTURO: TALLERES EXPERIENCIALES PARA EL FORTALECIMIENTO DE HABILIDADES SOCIOEMOCIONALES / CONSTRUYENDO FUTURO: EXPERIENTIAL WORKSHOPS FOR THE STRENGTHENING OF SOCIO-EMOTIONAL SKILLS.............................53 Natalia Bohórquez Bedoya Rafael Andrés Gálvez Cárdenas Santiago Pescador Manuela Botero Valentina Román Camilo Puentes Lloyd Morris Andrés García CARTILLA INFORMATIVA DEL PROYECTO DE EXTENSIÓN SOLIDARIA Y CULTURAL “ASTROVIERNES Y LUNA AL PARQUE”.............................................................................................................74 Edwin Andrés Quintero Salazar FOMENTO DEL ESTUDIO DE PROGRAMAS DE TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA EN LOS COLEGIOS DE LA CIUDAD DE PEREIRA UTILIZANDO LABORATORIOS MEDIADOS A TRAVÉS DE TIC / PROMOTION OF THE STUDY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING IN THE SCHOOLS OF THE PEREIRA CITY USING LABORATORIES THROUGH TIC................................................................88 Arley Bejarano Martínez Cristian Andrés Escudero Zapata Leidy Esperanza Pamplona Berón Andrés Felipe Calvo Salced

Down syndrome as risk factor for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization : A prospective multicenter epidemiological study

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in childhood, particularly in premature infants, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. To compare the hospitalization rates due to RSV infection and severity of disease between infants with and without Down syndrome (DS) born at term and without other associated risk factors for severe RSV infection. In a prospective multicentre epidemiological study, 93 infants were included in the DS cohort and 68 matched by sex and data of birth (±1 week) and were followed up to 1 year of age and during a complete RSV season. The hospitalization rate for all acute respiratory infection was significantly higher in the DS cohort than in the non-DS cohort (44.1% vs 7.7%, P<.0001). Hospitalizations due to RSV were significantly more frequent in the DH cohort than in the non-DS cohort (9.7% vs 1.5%, P=.03). RSV prophylaxis was recorded in 33 (35.5%) infants with DS. The rate of hospitalization according to presence or absence of RSV immunoprophylaxis was 3.0% vs 15%, respectively. Infants with DS showed a higher rate of hospitalization due to acute lower respiratory tract infection and RSV infection compared to non-DS infants. Including DS infants in recommendations for immunoprophylaxis of RSV disease should be considered

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field