55 research outputs found
Supporting an integrated transportation infrastructure and public space design: A coupled simulation method for evaluating traffic pollution and microclimate
Traditional urban and transport infrastructure planning that emphasized motorized transport has fractured public space systems and worsened environmental quality, leading to a decrease in active travel. A novel multiscale simulation method for supporting an integrated transportation infrastructure and public space design is presented in this paper. This method couples a mesoscale agent-based traffic prediction model, traffic-related emission calculation, microclimate simulations, and human thermal comfort assessment. In addition, the effects of five urban design strategies on traffic pollution and pedestrian level microclimate are evaluated (i.e., a “two-fold” evaluation). A case study in Beijing, China, is presented utilizing the proposed urban modeling-design framework to support the assessment of a series of transport infrastructure and public space scenarios, including the Baseline scenario, a System-Internal Integration scenario, and two External Integration scenarios. The results indicate that the most effective way of achieving an environmentally- and pedestrian- friendly urban design is to concentrate on both the integration within the transport infrastructure and public space system and the mitigation of the system externalities (e.g., air pollution and heat exhaustion). It also demonstrates that the integrated blue-green approach is a promising way of improving local air quality, micro-climatic conditions, and human comfort
Socioeconomic differences in adolescents’ smoking: a comparison between Finland and Beijing, China
Background: Various studies have demonstrated the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and health
and health behaviour among adolescents. However, few studies have compared the socioeconomic difference in
adolescent smoking between countries with different stage of smoking. The purpose of this study was to examine
and compare the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and adolescent smoking in Beijing, China and
Finland through the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study.
Methods: The data used in this study were derived from the Chinese HBSC linked project survey 2008 in Beijing
and the Finnish HBSC survey 2006. The final sample included 2005 Chinese and 1685 Finnish 15-year-old
schoolchildren. The associations between Family Affluence Scale (FAS), as the SES measure, and adolescents’
smoking behaviour, including ever smoked, weekly smoking and the early onset of smoking were examined
separately in two countries through binary logistic regression.
Results: Compared to students from the high FAS group, Chinese boys from the low FAS group were more likely to
report having ever smoked (OR = 2.12, 95 % CI = 1.49–3.01) and being early onset of smoking (OR = 2.17, 95 % CI = 1.
44–3.26). Finnish girls from the low FAS group were more likely to report being weekly smokers (OR = 1.68, 95 % CI = 1.
07–2.65). No significant difference was found for Chinese girls and Finnish boys.
Conclusions: This study indicated different patterns of socioeconomic difference in smoking between Chinese and
Finnish adolescents by gender and by smoking behaviour, which suggests that socioeconomic inequalities in smoking
are different among adolescents in countries with different stage of smoking. Country specific policies and
interventions for different target groups should be encouraged and designed for reducing the prevalence of
adolescents’ smoking.peerReviewe
A case study of the counterpart technical support policy to improve rural health services in Beijing
Role of Traffic Emission on Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Pollutant Concentration on Urban Road Network: A Case of Beijing
Combination of Acupuncture with Medication for Treatment of Hyperplasia of Mammary Glands in 46 Cases
Expressions of HIV-Related Stigma among Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China
In China, HIV-related stigma is considered as a formidable barrier in the combat against the HIV epidemic. There have been few qualitative investigations on HIV-related stigma in China, especially among a vulnerable population of rural-to-urban migrants. Based on 90 in-depth interviews conducted in 2002–2003 with rural-to-urban migrants in Beijing and Nanjing, China, this study examines the forms and expressions of HIV-related stigma from migrants' perspectives regarding HIV infection and individuals at risk of HIV infection. Consistent with the general framework on stigma, Chinese rural-to-urban migrants' attitudes toward HIV infected individuals take forms of denial, indifference, labeling, separation, rejection, status loss, shame, hopelessness, and fear. These stigmatizing attitudes were mainly derived from fears of AIDS contagion and its negative consequences, fears of being associated with the diseases, and culturally relevant moral judgments. In addition to universal AIDS stigma, both traditional Chinese culture and socially marginalized position of rural migrant population have contributed to culturally unique aspects of stigmatizing attitudes among rural-to-urban migrants. These multifaceted manifestations of HIV-related stigma suggest that HIV stigma reduction intervention needs to address multiple aspects of HIV stigma and stigmatization including personal, cultural, institutional, and structural factors
Additional file 1 of Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy: a 10-year, multi-center, retrospective study in Beijing
Additional file 1: Data 1. The basic information of fetus of APIP patients
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