La adición en los textos del programa “Todos a Aprender”

Este estudio aborda los tipos de problema de estructura aditiva propuestos en los textos del programa todos a aprender del MEN. El propósito es analizar la visión que los textos de la serie Proyecto tienen y promueven sobre la operación adición, en relación con los referentes teóricos y pedagógicos que la comunidad académica y el MEN asumen como orientadores para el desarrollo de la calidad educativa. Se aplica la técnica de análisis de texto, desde el enfoque mixto de investigación. Las categorías de análisis son: contexto del enunciado, palabras involucradas, estructura semántica, estructura sintáctica y estructura del texto. Los resultados parciales señalanque los problemas con mayor presencia son los de tipo numérico, de combinacióny de la forma “a+b=?”

Genotyping low-grade gliomas among hispanics

Q2164-172Background. Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are classified by the World Health Organization as astrocytoma (DA), oligodendroglioma (OD), and mixed oligoastrocytoma (OA). TP53 mutation and 1p19q codeletion are the most-commonly documented molecular abnormalities. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1/2 mutations are frequent in LGGs; however, IDH-negative gliomas can also occur. Recent research suggests that ATRX plays a significant role in gliomagenesis. Methods. We investigated p53 and Olig2 protein expression, and MGMT promoter methylation, 1p19q codeletion, IDH, and ATRX status in 63 Colombian patients with LGG. The overall survival (OS) rate was estimated and compared according to genotype. Results. The most common histology was DA, followed by OD and OA. IDH1/2 mutations were found in 57.1% and MGMT+ (positive status of MGMT promoter methylation methyl-guanyl-methyl-transferase gene) in 65.1% of patients, while overexpression of p53 and Olig2 was present in 30.2% and 44.4%, respectively, and 1p19q codeletion in 34.9% of the patients. Overexpression of ATRX was analyzed in 25 patients, 16% tested positive and were also mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase and negative 1p19q-codelition. The median follow-up was 15.8 months (95% CI, 7.6–42.0) and OS was 39.2 months (95% CI, 1.3–114). OS was positively and significantly affected by MGMT+, 1p19q codeletion, surgical intervention extent, and number of lobes involved. Multivariate analysis confirmed that MGMT methylation status and 1p19q codeletion affected OS. Conclusions. This is the first study evaluating the molecular profile of Hispanic LGG patients. Findings confirmed the prognostic relevance of MGMT methylation and 1p19q codeletion, but do not support IDH1/2 mutation as a relevant marker. The latter may be explained by sample size and selection bias. ATRX alterations were limited to patients with DA and were mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase and negative 1p19q-codelition

Furniture portfolio design and metal office furniture production platform

Las empresas nacionales fabricantes de estructuras metálicas atraviesan una diminución en sus ventas debido a la creciente importación de productos asiáticos que poseen precios inferiores, lo que impacta negativamente la oferta laboral y la economía nacional. Con base en ello, se propone la incursión de los productos estructurales metálicos nacionales en el sector productor de muebles de oficina, el cual, se encuentra estable y en crecimiento continuamente. Este proyecto consiste en el desarrollo de un portafolio de tres productos identificados, mediante la investigación de mercado, como aquellos más atractivos y competitivos para potenciar la utilización de los productos metálicos estructurales nacionales, de los cuales, el más crítico, fue optimizado en su diseño con la metodología DFMA. Consecuentemente, se realizó la distribución y selección de las máquinas de la plataforma de producción de estos productos, dónde, la máquina dobladora fue diseñada a detalle bajo una metodología secuencial de diseño conceptual, básico y de detalle de ingeniería. Por último, para garantizar la viabilidad del proyecto, fueron realizados los presupuestos, el cálculo de la inversión y estudio financiero, dónde se evidenció un retorno de la inversión de menos de 2 años y un crecimiento considerable de las utilidades netas en una empresa moderada del sector que adoptara el proyecto.The national companies that manufacture metal structures are losing their sales due to the growing importation of Asian products that have lower prices, which negatively impacts the labor supply and the national economy. Based on this, the incursion of the national metallic structural products into the office furniture producing sector is proposed, which is stable and continuously growing. This project consists of the development of a portfolio of three identified products, through market research, as the most attractive and competitive to promote the use of national structural metal products, of which, the most critical, was optimized in its design with the DFMA methodology. Consequently, the distribution and selection of the machines of the production platform of these products was carried out, where, the bending machine was designed in detail under a sequential methodology of conceptual design, basic and engineering detail. Finally, in order to guarantee the viability of the project, the budgets, the calculation of the investment and financial study were made, where a return of the investment of less than 2 years was evidenced and a considerable growth of the net profits in a moderate company of the sector that will adopt the project

Cefalea persistente luego de infección por Covid-19; ¿Un dolor de cabeza?

COVID-19 infection produces multiple clinical manifestations, among which headache has been frequently observed. We report the case of a 30-year-old patient with COVID-19 infection 2 months ago who consults at pain specialist for headache of moderate intensity, throbbing, with a sensation of hyperalgesia, burning and heat, a sensation of currents, in the parietal and occipital region bilateral, persistent, that does not improve with usual analgesics. After ruling out space-occupying lesions, neurovascular and rheumatological alterations; with a single significant history of viral infection, chronic craniofacial atypical headache was considered as a sequel to COVID-19. We invite the scientific community to continue etiological research in this area after the increasing appearance of post-COVID syndrome with extrapulmonary manifestations, such as neurological complications.La infección por COVID-19 produce múltiples manifestaciones clínicas, dentro de las cuales se ha observado con frecuencia la cefalea. Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 30 años con infección por COVID-19 hace 2 meses quien consulta a especialista de dolor por cefalea de intensidad moderada, pulsátil, con sensación de hiperalgesia, ardor y calor, corrientazos, en región parietal y occipital bilaterales, persistente que no mejora con analgésicos habituales. Tras descartarse lesiones ocupantes de espacio, alteraciones neurovasculares y reumatológicas; con antecedente de importancia infección viral se consideró cefalea atípica crónica cráneo–facial, como secuela del COVID-19. Se invita a la comunidad científica a continuar la investigación etiológica en esta área tras la creciente aparición de síndrome post COVID con manifestaciones extrapulmonares, como lo son las complicaciones neurológicas

La adición en los textos del programa “Todos a Aprender”

Este estudio aborda los tipos de problema de estructura aditiva propuestos en los textos del programa todos a aprender del MEN. El propósito es analizar la visión que los textos de la serie Proyecto tienen y promueven sobre la operación adición, en relación con los referentes teóricos y pedagógicos que la comunidad académica y el MEN asumen como orientadores para el desarrollo de la calidad educativa. Se aplica la técnica de análisis de texto, desde el enfoque mixto de investigación. Las categorías de análisis son: contexto del enunciado, palabras involucradas, estructura semántica, estructura sintáctica y estructura del texto. Los resultados parciales señalanque los problemas con mayor presencia son los de tipo numérico, de combinacióny de la forma “a+b=?”

La Penalización de los delitos informáticos en Colombia

s/

Effect of cleaning treatment on adhesion of Streptococcus agalactiae to milking machine surfaces

Streptococcus agalactiae is a common subclinical mastitis agent in dairy cattle. In this study, the influence of hygiene procedure time on the adhesion of S. agalactiae to rubber and silicone surfaces used in milking machines was evaluated. The effect of hygiene practices on the thermodynamic and microscopic features of both surfaces was also evaluated. The hydrophobicity of milking machines and bacterial surfaces was investigated by measuring the contact angle with a goniometer 0, 30, 90, and 180 days after a full hygiene procedure simulated using rubber and silicone coupons. As the time of cleaning procedures enhanced, there was a reduction in the adhesion of S. agalactiae to both surfaces. The rubber and silicone surfaces were hydrophobic in all treatments (ΔGTOTsws0), which makes the adhesion process difficult. Photomicrographs showed rapid wear of both surfaces, pointing to damages caused by cleaning agents. However, the silicone was more resistant to cleaning and sanitizing treatments. Thus, this work shows that changes caused by hygiene procedures in the thermodynamic and in the morphology of milking surfaces have an enormous importance in the S. agalactiae adhesion and, consequently, in mastitis transmission between cattle herd

Genotyping low-grade gliomas among Hispanics

Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are classified by the World Health Organization as astrocytoma (DA), oligodendroglioma (OD), and mixed oligoastrocytoma (OA). TP53 mutation and 1p19q codeletion are the most-commonly documented molecular abnormalities. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1/2 mutations are frequent in LGGs; however, IDH-negative gliomas can also occur. Recent research suggests that ATRX plays a significant role in gliomagenesis. We investigated p53 and Olig2 protein expression, and MGMT promoter methylation, 1p19q codeletion, IDH, and ATRX status in 63 Colombian patients with LGG. The overall survival (OS) rate was estimated and compared according to genotype. The most common histology was DA, followed by OD and OA. IDH1/2 mutations were found in 57.1% and MGMT+ (positive status of MGMT promoter methylation methyl-guanyl-methyl-transferase gene) in 65.1% of patients, while overexpression of p53 and Olig2 was present in 30.2% and 44.4%, respectively, and 1p19q codeletion in 34.9% of the patients. Overexpression of ATRX was analyzed in 25 patients, 16% tested positive and were also mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase and negative 1p19q-codelition. The median follow-up was 15.8 months (95% CI, 7.6–42.0) and OS was 39.2 months (95% CI, 1.3–114). OS was positively and significantly affected by MGMT+, 1p19q codeletion, surgical intervention extent, and number of lobes involved. Multivariate analysis confirmed that MGMT methylation status and 1p19q codeletion affected OS. This is the first study evaluating the molecular profile of Hispanic LGG patients. Findings confirmed the prognostic relevance of MGMT methylation and 1p19q codeletion, but do not support IDH1/2 mutation as a relevant marker. The latter may be explained by sample size and selection bias. ATRX alterations were limited to patients with DA and were mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase and negative 1p19q-codelition

A comprehensive analysis of factors related to carmustine/bevacizumab response in recurrent glioblastoma

Purpose Patients with recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) have a poor prognosis, with survival ranging from 25 to 40 weeks. Antiangiogenic agents are widely used, showing a variable response. In this study, we explored the efcacy of carmustine plus bevacizumab (BCNU/Bev) for treating rGBM. Methods/patients In this study, we assessed 59 adult patients with histologically confrmed rGBM who were treated with BCNU/Bev as second-line regimen. The response rate (RR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated according to their molecular expression profle, including CD133 mRNA expression, MGMT methylation (pMGMT), PDGFR amplifcation, YKL40 mRNA expression, IDH1/2 condition, p53 and EGFRvIII mutation status. Results Median follow-up was 18.6 months, overall RR to the combination was 56.3%, and median PFS was 9.0 months (95% CI 8.0–9.9). OS from time of diagnosis was 21.0 months (95% CI 13.2–28.7) and from starting BCNU/Bev it was 10.7 months (95% CI 9.5–11.8). IDH1/2 mutations were found in 30.5% of the patients, pMGMT in 55.9% and high CD133 mRNA expression in 57.6%. Factors which positively afected PFS included performance status (p=0.015), IDH+ (p=0.05), CD133 mRNA expression (p=0.009) and pMGMT+ (p=0.007). OS was positively afected by pMGMT+ (p=0.05). Meanwhile, YKL40 negatively afected PFS (p=0.01) and OS (p=0.0001). Grade≥3 toxicities included hypertension (22%) and fatigue (12%). Conclusions BCNU/Bev is a safe and tolerable treatment for rGBM. Patients with MGMT+/IDH+ derive the greatest beneft from the treatment combination in the second-line setting. Nonetheless, high YKL40 expression discourages the use of antiangiogenic therapy