Alcohol prevention programs

Alcohol consumption is a problem on almost every college campus. The problem not only affects the drinkers, but also the roommates who have to put up with the behavior, the faculty who try to teach these students, and the support services staff who does what it can to reduce the behavior, or at least its negative effects Because of the problem of drinking, many programs have been developed to try to get students to drink responsibly or to refrain from drinking. Despite these programs, the amount of drinkers on college campuses remains astoundingly high. What types of programs really do make the students aware of the consequences of drinking

Caring Beyond Constraint: A Nursing Model of Presence in a Time Limited Procedural Practice

The purpose of this paper is to support the value of maintaining presence within a time limited procedural practice. Specifically, it presents the significance of a nursing presence model based on Jean Watson\u27s human caring theory within an outpatient procedural endoscopy unit which has high patient volumes and time limited processes. It describes the process for developing a care model of nursing presence and methods used to integrate this model into practice. It also includes an evaluation of the methods to determine themes and make comparisons to determine effectiveness of theory integration into nursing practice

Comparing Accretion Disks and Dark Matter Spikes in Intermediate Mass Ratio Inspirals

Intermediate Mass Ratio Inspirals (IMRIs) will be observable with space-based gravitational wave detectors such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). To this end, the environmental effects in such systems have to be modeled and understood. These effects can include (baryonic) accretion disks and dark matter (DM) overdensities, so called spikes. For the first time, we model an IMRI system with both an accretion disk and a DM spike present and compare their effects on the inspiral and the emitted gravitational wave signal. We study the eccentricity evolution, employ the braking index and derive the dephasing index, which turn out to be complementary observational signatures. They allow us to disentangle the accretion disk and DM spike effects in the IMRI system.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to PRD. Code available online at http://github.com/DMGW-Goethe/imrip

Mershon Center for International Security Studies Annual Report 2007-2008

The University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history.Since 1967, the Mershon Center for International Security Studies has worked to fulfill the vision of Ralph D. Mershon. He gave his generous gift to The Ohio State University nearly 50 years ago to ensure that civilians would study military activities. The mission of the Mershon Center is to advance the understanding of national security in a global context. Rarely has that task seemed more urgent and complicated. Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan continue, and it has become increasingly clear that military force alone will not bring them to a close. There is a need for cultural, economic, and political expertise as well. As the security agenda has grown, the Mershon Center has complemented its focus on the use of force and diplomacy with equal attention to the cultures and ideas that underpin security, and to the institutions that manage conflict. Projects sponsored by the center aim to explore fundamental questions such as: • How can military force be used effectively to advance political aims? When and why will its use succeed on the battlefield but fail politically? • What role do national and religious identities play in conflict? Are they immutable or can we devise strategies to ameliorate the conflicts they generate? • What institutions have been successful in managing violent conflict? How can such institutions be built and sustained? The Mershon Center promotes collaborative research on these themes among colleagues from more than 15 departments across Ohio State. It does this by funding multidisciplinary faculty and student research and undergraduate study abroad scholarships. The center also hosts numerous seminars and conferences, enriching intellectual life on campus by bringing some of the world’s leading scholars and practitioners to Ohio State. The Mershon Center’s principal aim is to produce scholarship that has lasting value. This year we are especially proud of the recognition received by several of our colleagues for the work they have done. Allan Millett was awarded the 2008 Pritzker Military Library Literature Award for Lifetime Achievement in Military Writing. John Mueller received the Warren J. Mitofsky Award for Excellence in Public Opinion Research. Peter Shane was named executive director of The Knight Commission on the Information Needs of Communities in a Democracy. The faculty members and the students they attract are the lifeblood of the Mershon Center and the main benefit of being its director. This year, I am particularly happy to welcome Dr. and Col. (ret.) Peter Mansoor as the Raymond E. Mason Jr. Chair in Military History. Peter is a highly decorated officer with more than 26 years of distinguished service. Prior to coming to Ohio State, he served as executive officer to Gen. David Petraeus in Baghdad. Peter holds a PhD in history and is author of The GI Offensive in Europe (Kansas, 1999). His most recent book is Baghdad at Sunrise: A Brigade Commander’s War in Iraq (Yale, 2008). More information about the Mershon Center, along with photos and videos from many talks given here, are available on our web site at mershoncenter.osu.edu. RICHARD K. HERRMANN DIRECTOR, MERSHON CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES PROFESSOR, POLITICAL SCIENCEResearch: Faculty Spotlight ; Research on Use of Force and Diplomacy ; Research on Ideas, Identities, and Decisional Processes ; Research on Institutions that Manage Violent Conflict. -- Faculty Publications and Honors: Books ; Articles, Essays, and Book Chapters ; Honors, Awards, and Service. -- Events: Conferences ; Furniss Book Award and Kruzel Memorial Lecture ; Speaker Series. -- Students, Visitors, and Fellows: Ralph D. Mershon Study Abroad Scholarship ; Undergraduate Activities ; Graduate Student Research ; Postdoctoral Fellows and Visiting Scholars. -- Oversight Committee

Genetic diversity, infection prevalence, and possible transmission routes of Bartonella spp. in vampire bats

Bartonella spp. are globally distributed bacteria that cause endocarditis in humans and domestic animals. Recent work has suggested bats as zoonotic reservoirs of some human Bartonella infections; however, the ecological and spatiotemporal patterns of infection in bats remain largely unknown. Here we studied the genetic diversity, prevalence of infection across seasons and years, individual risk factors, and possible transmission routes of Bartonella in populations of common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) in Peru and Belize, for which high infection prevalence has previously been reported. Phylogenetic analysis of the gltA gene for a subset of PCR-positive blood samples revealed sequences that were related to Bartonella described from vampire bats from Mexico, other Neotropical bat species, and streblid bat flies. Sequences associated with vampire bats clustered significantly by country but commonly spanned Central and South America, implying limited spatial structure. Stable and nonzero Bartonella prevalence between years supported endemic transmission in all sites. The odds of Bartonella infection for individual bats was unrelated to the intensity of bat flies ectoparasitism, but nearly all infected bats were infested, which precluded conclusive assessment of support for vector-borne transmission. While metagenomic sequencing found no strong evidence of Bartonella DNA in pooled bat saliva and fecal samples, we detected PCR positivity in individual saliva and feces, suggesting the potential for bacterial transmission through both direct contact (i.e., biting) and environmental (i.e., fecal) exposures. Further investigating the relative contributions of direct contact, environmental, and vector-borne transmission for bat Bartonella is an important next step to predict infection dynamics within bats and the risks of human and livestock exposures

Is it up to them? Individual leverages for sufficiency

Sufficiency is one important strategy for sustainable development. At an individual level, we need a better understanding of the relationship between sufficiency attitude and CO2 footprint. In this paper, we analyze sufficiency as a psychological determinant of low-carbon lifestyles and introduce an empirical measurement scale for individual sufficiency attitudes. Sufficiency aims at a total reduction of resource consumption, which is urgently needed to achieve our climate and sustainable development goals. This paper explores individual attitude towards a sufficiency-oriented lifestyle as a driver of a low carbon footprint. Survey data of 310 participants was analyzed to test whether individual sufficiency attitude manifests in people’s carbon footprint. The results provide evidence for this relationship but its strength varies between behavioral domains ‐ that is, heating, electricity, food consumption, everyday mobility, air travel. Potential structural and individual barriers to reducing CO2 emissions are discussed as possible factors that could explain differences between the behavioral domains. We argue that intrapersonal factors matter for sustainable lifestyles but that policy-making and structural change should complement and facilitate voluntary endeavors to achieve low-carbon lifestyles

Brexit: Negotiation phase and scenarios of a drama in three acts

Brussels and London are gearing up for the Brexit negotiations. Prime Minister Theresa May delivered her Brexit speech and the Supreme Court ruled that the UK Parliament has to give its assent. The British government is still planning to declare that the UK intends to leave the EU by the end of March 2017. But how will the Brexit negotiations unfold? Valentin Kreilinger, Sophia Becker and Laura Maria Wolfstädter systematize the next steps in the process and examine the individual procedural requirements in order to analyse the legal and institutional context of Article 50 TEU

Efecto de la ceniza volcánica sobre la supervivencia de ortópteros en la Patagonia

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la toxicidad de las cenizas volcánicas del volcán Puyehue-cordón Caulle en la supervivencia de dos especies de Orthoptera: la tucura Dichroplus vittigerum y la langosta verde Brugilis sp. Se utilizaron dos granulometrías de ceniza para evaluar el efecto de las erupciones volcánicas sobre estos insectos. El análisis químico de la ceniza de esta erupción demostró que estas fueron muy abrasivas y estuvieron predominantemente compuestas por fragmentos de sílice (SiO2) y alúmina (Al2O3), dos sustancias con propiedades insecticidas. En el norte de la Patagonia, ambas especies de ortópteros son polífagas, masticadoras de pastos y dicotiledóneas. Los datos de laboratorio mostraron que la exposición sostenida a la ceniza volcánica provocó mortalidad en adultos de ambas especies. La supervivencia de D. vittigerum disminuyó significativamente bajo las dos granulometrías. La supervivencia de Brugilis sp. se redujo significativamente ante la ceniza fina. Estos resultados sugieren que la erupción volcánica, con la consiguiente suspensión del material piroclástico en el aire, pudo haber impactado negativamente sobre las poblaciones de ortópteros mediante la mortalidad de adultos. La ceniza del complejo volcánico Puyehue-Caulle se podría comparar con la aplicación de un insecticida de amplio espectro no persistente, causando una reducción temporal en poblaciones de ortópteros.The aim of this work was to evaluate the ash toxicity from the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic complex on the survival of two Orthopteran species: the grasshoper Dichroplus vittigerum and the green locust Brugilis sp. Two grain size were used to evaluate the effect of volcanic eruption on these insects. Chemical analyses from this eruption proved that the ashes were very abrasive and predominantly composed of silica shards (SiO2) and aluminia (Al2O3), two substances with insecticidal properties. In northern Patagonia, both orthopteran species are polyphagous chewers on grasses and dicots. The laboratory data showed that sustained exposure to volcanic ash induced mortality in adult grasshoppers. Survival of D. vittigerum significantly decreased once exposed to the two ash granulometries. In turn, Brugilis sp. survival was significantly reduced when exposed to fine grain ashes. These results suggest that the onset of the volcanic eruption with the consequent suspension of the pyroclastic material in the air might negatively impacted these orthopteran due to the mortality of adults. The ash from the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic complex could be compared to the application of non-persistent and broad spectrum insecticide, causing a temporary reduction in orthopteran populations.Fil: Fernandez Arhex, Valeria Cristina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Amadio, María Emilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Enriquez, Andrea Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Pietrantuono, Ana Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Becker, Guillermo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Bruzzone, Octavio Augusto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Norte. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Carlos de Bariloche; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentin

Consequences of altered eicosanoid patterns for nociceptive processing in mPGES-1-deficient mice

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis in the spinal cord plays a major role in the development of inflammatory hyperalgesia and allodynia. Microsomal PGE2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) isomerizes COX-2-derived PGH2 to PGE2. Here, we evaluated the effect of mPGES-1-deficiency on the noci-ceptive behavior in various models of nociception that depend on PGE2 synthesis. Surprisingly, in the COX-2-dependent zymosan-evoked hyperalgesia model, the nociceptive behavior was not reduced in mPGES-1-deficient mice despite a marked decrease of the spinal PGE2 synthesis. Similarly, the nociceptive behavior was unaltered in mPGES-1-deficient mice in the formalin test. Importantly, spinal cords and primary spinal cord cells derived from mPGES-1-deficient mice showed a redirection of the PGE2 synthesis to PGD2, PGF2α and 6-keto-PGF1α (stable metabolite of PGI2). Since the latter prostaglandins serve also as mediators of noci-ception they may compensate the loss of PGE2 synthesis in mPGES-1-deficient mice

Comparison of first-line and second-line terlipressin versus sole norepinephrine in fulminant ovine septic shock

The Surviving Sepsis Guidelines suggest the use of vasopressin in case of catecholamine-refractory septic shock. Terlipressin (TP) as a V-1-selective AVP analogue is a potential alternative, though data regarding the first-line administration in septic shock are scarce. The present study explored and compared the effects of first-line vs. second-line infusion of TP or sole norepinephrine regarding organ function, fluid and norepinephrine requirements and survival in fulminant ovine septic shock. Peritoneal sepsis was induced in 23 ewes after laparotomy and faecal withdrawal from the caecum. After onset of shock, causal and supportive sepsis therapy (antibiotics, peritoneal lavage, fluids and open-label norepinephrine) was performed in all animals. Concurrently, animals were randomized to receive 0.9% sodium chloride (control group) or TP (2 mu g.kg(-1).h(-1), first-line group) after shock onset. In the second-line TP group, TP (2 mu g.kg(-1).h(-1)) was started once norepinephrine requirements exceeded 0.5 mu g.kg(-1).min(-1). No significant differences were found between groups regarding survival, haemodynamics as well as fluid-and catecholamine-requirements. Kidney function and electron microscopic kidney injury were comparable between groups. In the present model of fulminant ovine septic shock, first-line TP infusion had no significant effect on fluid and norepinephrine requirements or organ dysfunction as compared to second-line TP infusion or placebo