Association between night shift work characteristics and anthropometric measures in the study population.

<p>^a adjusted for age (continuous, in years), smoking (never, ex-, current), packyears (continuous), marital status (never married, married/cohabitating, divorced/in separation, widow), body silhouette at age 20 (continuous, in the range of 1–9), and current MHT use (yes/no)</p><p>^breference—day shift nurses.</p><p>Association between night shift work characteristics and anthropometric measures in the study population.</p

Rotating night work, lifestyle factors, obesity and promoter methylation in <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> genes among nurses and midwives

<div><p>Some recent evidence suggests that environmental and lifestyle factors may modify DNA methylation. We hypothesized that rotating night work and several modifiable factors may be associated with the methylation of the promoter regions within two tumor suppressor and DNA repair genes: <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i>. The methylation status of <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> was determined via qMSP reactions using DNA samples derived from blood leucocytes of 347 nurses and midwives working rotating nights and 363 working during the days. The subjects were classified into unmethylated vs methylated <i>BRCA</i>1 and <i>BRCA</i>2 when the methylation index was 0% or >0%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for night work status, smoking, obesity, physical activity and alcohol drinking. Current night shift work or night work history was not associated with methylation status of the promoter sites within <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> genes. We observed weak associations between smoking and the methylation status of <i>BRCA</i>1 with OR = 1.50 (95%CI: 0.98–2.29) for current smoking, OR = 1.83, 95CI: 1.08–3.13 for smoking longer than 31 years, and 0.1>p>0.05 for trends for the number of cigarettes per day, smoking duration and packyears. In conclusion, no links between night shift work and methylation of the promoter region within the <i>BRCA</i>1, and <i>BRCA2</i> genes were observed in this exploratory analysis. The findings of our study weakly support the hypothesis that smoking may contribute to epigenetic events.</p></div

The association between methylation of <i>BRCA1</i> gene and lifestyle factors among nurses and midwives in the cross-sectional study.

<p>The association between methylation of <i>BRCA1</i> gene and lifestyle factors among nurses and midwives in the cross-sectional study.</p

The association between methylation of <i>BRCA2</i> gene and lifestyle factors among nurses and midwives in the cross-sectional study.

<p>The association between methylation of <i>BRCA2</i> gene and lifestyle factors among nurses and midwives in the cross-sectional study.</p

Selected characteristics of the studied population of nurses and midwives in the cross-sectional study.

<p>Selected characteristics of the studied population of nurses and midwives in the cross-sectional study.</p

Sleep quality and methylation status of core circadian rhythm genes among nurses and midwives

<p>Poor sleep quality or sleep restriction is associated with sleepiness and concentration problems. Moreover, chronic sleep restriction may affect metabolism, hormone secretion patterns and inflammatory responses. Limited recent reports suggest a potential link between sleep deprivation and epigenetic effects such as changes in DNA methylation profiles. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential association between poor sleep quality or sleep duration and the levels of 5-methylcytosine in the promoter regions of <i>PER1, PER2, PER3, BMAL1, CLOCK, CRY1 CRY2</i> and <i>NPAS2</i> genes, taking into account rotating night work and chronotype as potential confounders or modifiers. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 710 nurses and midwives (347 working on rotating nights and 363 working only during the day) aged 40–60 years. Data from in-person interviews about sleep quality, chronotype and potential confounders were used. Sleep quality and chronotype were assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI) and Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), respectively. Morning blood samples were collected. The methylation status of the circadian rhythm genes was determined via quantitative methylation-specific real-time PCR assays (qMSP) reactions using DNA samples derived from leucocytes. The proportional odds regression model was fitted to quantify the relationship between methylation index (MI) as the dependent variable and sleep quality or sleep duration as the explanatory variable. Analyses were carried out for the total population as well as for subgroups of women stratified by the current system of work (rotating night shift/day work) and chronotype (morning type/intermediate type/evening type). A potential modifying effect of the system of work or the chronotype was examined using the likelihood ratio test. No significant findings were observed in the total study population. Subgroup analyses revealed two statistically significant associations between a shorter sleep duration and 1) methylation level in <i>PER2</i> among day workers, especially those with the morning chronotype (OR = 2.31, 95%CI:1.24–4.33), and 2) methylation level in <i>CRY2</i> among subjects with the intermediate chronotype, particularly among day workers (OR = 0.52, 95%CI:0.28–0.96). The study results demonstrated a positive association between average sleep duration of less than 6 hours and the methylation level of <i>PER2</i> among morning chronotype subjects, and an inverse association for <i>CRY2</i> among intermediate chronotype subjects, but only among day workers. Both the system of work and the chronotype turned out to be important confounders and modifiers in a number of analyses, making it necessary to consider them as potential covariates in future research on sleep deficiency outcomes. Further studies are warranted to explore this under-investigated topic.</p

Pedagogical and psychological factors that influence player performance in youth football

Title: Psychological and pedagogical factors that influence player performance in youth football Objectives: The objective of the theoretical part is to analyze the psychological development of the player and the pedagogical aspects influencing the performance from the point of view of the educational activities of the coaches and parents. The selected theoretical starting points are then linked to the player's game play and its sporting development. The content of the research section is to examine the emotional reactions of the players of the preparatory and pupil categories in the clubs AC Sparta Praha and FK Dukla Praha. We analyzed the results of the emotional experience of the players and then we analyzed the differences of factors in the developmental stages of the sporting development and the results of the differences of emotional reactions of the players of both clubs. Methods: In this work we used a questioning method, namely a standardized DEMOR emotional reaction questionnaire examining emotional reactions of pupils. We have adapted it to the sport training environment and piloted. The research was conducted in seven teams of the AC Sparta Prague Football Club and seven teams of FK Dukla Prague in the U9-U15 category. Results: The results showed high values of positive emotional..

Characteristics of ICMD participants by age: Menopausal status, BMI, and measures of mammographic density.

<p>Characteristics of ICMD participants by age: Menopausal status, BMI, and measures of mammographic density.</p

Difference in square-root mammographic density measures in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal women and by time since menopause: Overall and in subgroups (pooled analyses).

<p>Difference in square-root mammographic density measures in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal women and by time since menopause: Overall and in subgroups (pooled analyses).</p

Association of square-root percent mammographic density with menopausal status and age.

<p>Associations of square-root percent density, by population group, with (a) menopausal status, (b) age among premenopausal women, and (c) age among postmenopausal women, meta-analysed overall and by ASR in source population (low, medium, high). Associations are adjusted for age (for [a] only), BMI, BMI2, parity, age at first birth, HRT use (never, current, former, ever, unknown), mammography view, and MD reader. Full names and details of studies/population groups presented in this figure are provided in <a href="http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002335#pmed.1002335.s011" target="_blank">S1 Text</a>. Chile is excluded from (a) and (c) as all women were premenopausal. Norway, Australia (Greek), and Australia (Italian) were not included in (a) and (b) as all women were postmenopausal. Turkey was excluded from (a) as selection of women implied that age completely determined menopausal status. ASR, age-standardised incidence rate; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HRT, hormone replacement therapy; MD, mammographic density; PD, percent mammographic density.</p