Fusariosis manifesting as targetoid purpuric cutaneous lesions in immunocompromised patients

[No abstract available

Molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance and characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi B clinical isolates

Salmonella enterica serotip Paratyphi B tüm dünyada ve Türkiye’de daha az görülen bir serotip olmasına rağmen hastanemizde en sık izole edilen serotip olup, 2007 yılında izolasyon sıklığında belirgin bir artış olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, hastanemizin mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarında izole edilen S.Paratyphi B izolatlarının antibiyotiklere direncinin, genişlemiş spektrumlu beta-laktamaz (GSBL) üretiminin ve moleküler epidemiyolojisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Ekim 2005-Aralık 2012 tarihleri arasında farklı hastalara ait çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen 109 Salmonella izolatından S.Paratyphi B olarak tanımlanan 70’i çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. İzolatlar konvansiyonel yöntemlere ilaveten Phoenix otomatize mikrobiyoloji sistemi (Becton Dickinson, ABD) ile tanımlanmıştır. İzolatların serotiplendirilmesi lam aglütinasyonu ile Kauffmann-White şemasına göre yapılmıştır. Antibiyotiklere direnç BD Phoenix? otomatize sistemi ve disk difüzyon testleriyle belirlenmiştir. GSBL enzimleri kombine disk testi, izoelektrik odaklama, polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) ve dizi analizi ile araştırılmıştır. Ekim 2005-Ağustos 2008 tarihleri arasında izole edilen 51 izolatın moleküler epidemiyolojisi XbaI enzimi kullanılarak değişken alanlı jel elektroforezi (PFGE) ile incelenmiştir. S.Paratyphi B izolatları farklı hastalara ait 46 kan, 16 dışkı, 4 kemik iliği, 2 idrar ve 2 yara olmak üzere toplam 70 örnekten izole edilmiştir. İzolatlarda nalidiksik asit direnci %18.6, ampisilin, sefotaksim ve sefepim direnci %2.9, seftazidim ve kotrimoksazol direnci %1.4 olarak belirlen- miştir. İki izolatta GSBL üretimi saptanmış ve birinde TEM-1 ile birlikte CTX-M-15, diğerinde CTX-M-3 bulunmuştur. PFGE ile 51 izolattan 46 (%90)’sının ilişkili olduğu ve A kümesinde olduğu görülmüştür. A kümesinde yer alan izolatlarda A1 (7), A2 (11), A3 (7), A4 (18), A5 (2) ve A6 (1) olmak üzere altı alt tip dağılımı izlenmiştir. Kalan beş izolatta ise A kümesi ile ilişkisiz üç farklı patern (ikisi B, birer adet C, D ve E) saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, hastanemizde S.Paratyphi B izolatlarında antibiyotik direnci düşük olmasına rağmen CTX-M-3 ve CTX-M-15 gibi Salmonella’larda sık rastlanmayan GSBL’lerin saptanmış olması dikkat çekicidir. Bu çalışma, literatür araştırmasına göre, Türkiye’de Salmonella türlerinde blaCTX-M-15 ve S. Paratyphi B’de blaCTX-M-3 genlerinin ilk bildirimidir. Elde edilen veriler, izolatların çoğunun genetik ilişkili olup bölgemizde salgına neden olduğunu ve Salmonella türlerinde saptanan GSBL’lerin tedavide tehdit oluşturduğunu düşündürmektedir.Although Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi B is the less frequently isolated serotype world- wide and in Turkey, it is the most common serotype in our hospital, with a marked increase in 2007. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility and the extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) profile, and molecular epidemiology of S. Paratyphi B isolates detected in our hospital microbiology laboratory. Seventy isolates identified as S. Paratyphi B from 109 Salmonella iso- lates obtained from clinical specimens from different patients between October 2005 and December 2012, were included in the study. In addition to conventional methods, isolates were identified using the Phoenix automated microbiology system (Becton Dickinson, USA). Serotyping of the isolates was performed on the basis of slide agglutination and the Kauffmann-White scheme. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the BD Phoenix automated system and disk diffusion test. ESBL enzymes were investigated using the combined disk test, isoelectric focusing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. The molecular epidemiology of the 51 isolates obtained between October 2005 and August 2008 was examined with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using the XbaI enzyme. S. Paratyphi B isolates were obtained from 70 specimens (46 blood, 16 fecal, 4 bone marrow, 2 urine and 2 wound) each from different patients. Resistance to nalidixic acid was determined in 18.6%, resistance to ampicillin, cefotaxime and cefepime in 2.9% and to ceftazidime and co-trimoxazole in 1.4% of the isolates. ESBL production was detected only in two isolates; in one TEM-1 was accompanied by CTX-M-15 and in the other isolate CTX-M-3 was found. Forty-six of the 51 isolates (90%) were found to be genetically related by PFGE and were placed in cluster A. The distribution of the isolates in cluster A revealed six subtypes as A1 (n= 7), A2 (n= 11), A3 (n= 7), A4 (n= 18), A5 (n= 2) and A6 (n= 1). Three different patterns not related to the cluster A were determined in the remaining five isolates (two were B, one of each was C, D and E). In conclusion, although the rate of antibiotic resistance was low in the S. Paratyphi B isolates in our hospital, rare types of ESBLs such as CTX-M-3 and CTX-M-15 were detected in Salmonellae. As far as the current literature is considered, this is the first report in Turkey of blaCTX-M-15 in Salmonella spp. and blaCTX-M-3 genes in S. Paratyphi B. The results may indicate a possible future threat to the treatment of Salmonella infections. Since most of the isolates were genetically related, this might suggest an epidemic in our region

Molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance and characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi B clinical Isolates

BESLI, YESIM/0000-0003-4574-6036; KOLAYLI, FETIYE/0000-0003-2474-4541WOS: 000336195500001PubMed: 24819257Although Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi B is the less frequently isolated serotype worldwide and in Turkey, it is the most common serotype in our hospital, with a marked increase in 2007. the purpose of this study was to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility and the extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) profile, and molecular epidemiology of S. Paratyphi B isolates detected in our hospital microbiology laboratory. Seventy isolates identified as S. Paratyphi B from 109 Salmonella isolates obtained from clinical specimens from different patients between October 2005 and December 2012, were included in the study. in addition to conventional methods, isolates were identified using the Phoenix automated microbiology system (Becton Dickinson, USA). Serotyping of the isolates was performed on the basis of slide agglutination and the Kauffmann-White scheme. the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the BD Phoenix (TM) automated system and disk diffusion test. ESBL enzymes were investigated using the combined disk test, isoelectric focusing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. the molecular epidemiology of the 51 isolates obtained between October 2005 and August 2008 was examined with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using the Xbal enzyme. S. Paratyphi B isolates were obtained from 70 specimens (46 blood, 16 fecal, 4 bone marrow, 2 urine and 2 wound) each from different patients. Resistance to nalidixic acid was determined in 18.6%, resistance to ampicillin, cefotaxime and cefepime in 2.9% and to ceftazidime and co-trimoxazole in 1.4% of the isolates. ESBL production was detected only in two isolates; in one TEM-1 was accompanied by CTX-M-15 and in the other isolate CTX-M-3 was found. Forty-six of the 51 isolates (90%) were found to be genetically related by PFGE and were placed in cluster A. the distribution of the isolates in cluster A revealed six subtypes as A1 (n= 7), A2 (n= 11), A3 (n= 7), A4 (n= 18), AS (n= 2) and A6 (n= 1). Three different patterns not related to the cluster A were determined in the remaining five isolates (two were B, one of each was C, D and E). in conclusion, although the rate of antibiotic resistance was low in the S. Paratyphi B isolates in our hospital, rare types of ESBLs such as CTX-M-3 and CTX-M-15 were detected in Salmonellae. As far as the current literature is considered, this is the first report in Turkey of bla(CTX-M-15) in Salmonella spp. and bla(CTX-M-3) genes in S. Paratyphi B. the results may indicate a possible future threat to the treatment of Salmonella infections. Since most of the isolates were genetically related, this might suggest an epidemic in our region

COVID-19 associated bacterial infections in intensive care unit: a case control study

Abstract We described the secondary bacterial infections (SBI) among COVID-19 patients in comparison with non-COVID-19 patients. We performed a retrospective case–control study between January 01, 2020 and April 01, 2022. Including the adult patients, who stayed ≥ 72 h in intensive care unit (ICU). In total 405 patients were included, 135 had (33.3%) COVID-19, with similar age and gender. The length of stay in ICU was not different (11.4 vs 8.2, p = 0.109), however mean intubation days were higher among COVID-19 cases (6.5 vs 3.8, p = 0.005), SBI were more common among COVID-19 cases (34% vs 10.7%, p < 0.001). Among the patients with pneumonia, the rate of gram-positive bacteria was higher in COVID-19 group than the control group (39% vs 5%, p = 0.006). The predictors for SBI were having COVID-19 (OR: 2.3, Cl 1.25–4.32, p = 0.008), days of intubation (OR: 1.05, Cl 1.01–1.10, p = 0.004), and being male (OR: 2, Cl 1.12–3.58, p = 0.018). The predictors of mortality were COVID-19 (OR: 2.38, Cl 1.28–4.42, p = 0.006), days of intubation (OR: 1.06, Cl 1.03–1.09, p < 0.001), active hematologic malignancy (OR: 3.1, Cl: 1.33–7.28, p = 0.09), active solid tumors (OR: 2.44, Cl 1.21–4.91, p = 0.012), and coronary artery diseases (OR: 1.8, Cl 1.01–3.52, p = 0.045). The most common SBI in COVID-19 patients were methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. No carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales related infections were detected in COVID-19 patients

Pseudomonas aeruginosa antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, resistance mechanisms and international clonal lineages: update from ESGARS-ESCMID/ISARPAE Group

Scope: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen considered one of the paradigms of antimicrobial resistance, is among the main causes of hospital-acquired and chronic infections associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This growing threat results from the extraordinary capacity of P. aeruginosa to develop antimicrobial resistance through chromosomal mutations, the increasing prevalence of transferable resistance determinants (such as the carbapenemases and the extended spectrum β-lactamases), and the global expansion of epidemic lineages. The general objective of this initiative is to provide a comprehensive update of P. aeruginosa resistance mechanisms, especially for the extensively drug-resistant (XDR)/difficult to treat resistance (DTR) international high-risk epidemic lineages, and how the recently approved β-lactams and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations may affect resistance mechanisms and the definition of susceptibility profiles. Methods: To address this challenge, the European Study Group for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (ESGARS) from the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) launched the "Improving Surveillance of Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Europe" (ISARPAE) initiative in 2022, supported by the Joint programming initiative on antimicrobial resistance (JPIAMR) network call and included a panel of over 40 researchers from 18 European Countries. Thus, an ESGARS-ISARPAE position paper was designed and the final version agreed after four rounds of revision and discussion by all panel members. Questions addressed in the position paper: To provide an update on (i) the emerging resistance mechanisms to classical and novel antipseudomonal agents, with a particular focus on β-lactams, (ii) the susceptibility profiles associated with the most relevant β-lactam resistance mechanisms, (iii) the impact of the novel agents and resistance mechanisms on the definitions of resistance profiles and (iv) the globally expanding XDR/DTR high-risk lineages and their association with transferable resistance mechanisms. Implication: The evidence presented herein can be used for coordinated epidemiological surveillance and decision-making at the European and global level

Pseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas\ aeruginosa antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, resistance mechanisms and international clonal lineages: update from ESGARS-ESCMID/ISARPAE Group

International audienceScopePseudomonas aeruginosa, a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen considered one of the paradigms of antimicrobial resistance, is among the main causes of hospital-acquired and chronic infections associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This growing threat results from the extraordinary capacity of P. aeruginosa to develop antimicrobial resistance through chromosomal mutations, the increasing prevalence of transferable resistance determinants (such as the carbapenemases and the extended spectrum β-lactamases), and the global expansion of epidemic lineages. The general objective of this initiative is to provide a comprehensive update of P. aeruginosa resistance mechanisms, especially for the extensively drug-resistant (XDR)/difficult to treat resistance (DTR) international high-risk epidemic lineages, and how the recently approved β-lactams and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations may affect resistance mechanisms and the definition of susceptibility profiles.MethodsTo address this challenge, the European Study Group for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (ESGARS) from the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) launched the “Improving Surveillance of Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Europe” (ISARPAE) initiative in 2022, supported by the Joint programming initiative on antimicrobial resistance (JPIAMR) network call and included a panel of over 40 researchers from 18 European Countries. Thus, an ESGARS-ISARPAE position paper was designed and the final version agreed after four rounds of revision and discussion by all panel members.Questions addressed in the position paperTo provide an update on (i) the emerging resistance mechanisms to classical and novel antipseudomonal agents, with a particular focus on β-lactams, (ii) the susceptibility profiles associated with the most relevant β-lactam resistance mechanisms, (iii) the impact of the novel agents and resistance mechanisms on the definitions of resistance profiles and (iv) the globally expanding XDR/DTR high-risk lineages and their association with transferable resistance mechanisms.ImplicationThe evidence presented herein can be used for coordinated epidemiological surveillance and decision-making at the European and global level