Etude experimentale de l'evaporation d'un brouillard de gouttelettes dans un ecoulement de canal chauffé et turbulent

L’étude présentée traite de l’évaporation de gouttelettes polydisperses bi-composants dans un écoulement de canal chauffé et très fortement turbulent. Les diamètres et les composantes axiale et radiale de la vitesse des gouttelettes sont mesurés par anémométrie phase doppler

Reference Correlation of the Viscosity of Squalane from 273 to 373 K at 0.1 MPa

International audienceThe paper presents a new reference correlation for the viscosity of squalane at 0.1 MPa. The correlation should be valuable as it is the first to cover a moderately high viscosity range, from 3 to 118 mPa s. It is based on new viscosity measurements carried out for this work, as well as other critically evaluated experimental viscosity data from the literature. The correlation is valid from 273 to 373 K at 0.1 MPa. The average absolute percentage deviation of the fit is 0.67, and the expanded uncertainty, with a coverage factor k = 2, is 1.5%

The ALADIN system and its canonical model configurations AROME CY41T1 and ALARO CY40T1

The ALADIN System is a numerical weather prediction (NWP) system developed by the international ALADIN consortium for operational weather forecasting and research purposes. It is based on a code that is shared with the global model IFS of the ECMWF and the ARPEGE model of Meteo-France. Today, this system can be used to provide a multitude of high-resolution limited-area model (LAM) configurations. A few configurations are thoroughly validated and prepared to be used for the operational weather forecasting in the 16 partner institutes of this consortium. These configurations are called the ALADIN canonical model configurations (CMCs). There are currently three CMCs: the ALADIN baseline CMC, the AROME CMC and the ALARO CMC. Other configurations are possible for research, such as process studies and climate simulations. The purpose of this paper is (i) to define the ALADIN System in relation to the global counterparts IFS and ARPEGE, (ii) to explain the notion of the CMCs, (iii) to document their most recent versions, and (iv) to illustrate the process of the validation and the porting of these configurations to the operational forecast suites of the partner institutes of the ALADIN consortium. This paper is restricted to the forecast model only; data assimilation techniques and postprocessing techniques are part of the ALADIN System but they are not discussed here

Supercooled liquid water clouds observed over Dome C, Antarctica: temperature sensitivity and cloud radiative forcing

Clouds affect the Earth climate with an impact that depends on the cloud nature (solid and/or liquid water). Although the Antarctic climate is changing rapidly, cloud observations are sparse over Antarctica due to few ground stations and satellite observations. The Concordia station is located on the eastern Antarctic Plateau (75∘ S, 123∘ E; 3233 m above mean sea level), one of the driest and coldest places on Earth. We used observations of clouds, temperature, liquid water, and surface irradiance performed at Concordia during four austral summers (December 2018–2021) to analyse the link between liquid water and temperature and its impact on surface irradiance in the presence of supercooled liquid water (liquid water for temperature less than 0 ∘C) clouds (SLWCs). Our analysis shows that, within SLWCs, temperature logarithmically increases from −36.0 to −16.0 ∘C when liquid water path increases from 1.0 to 14.0 g m−2. The SLWC radiative forcing is positive and logarithmically increases from 0.0 to 70.0 W m−2 when liquid water path increases from 1.2 to 3.5 g m−2. This is mainly due to the downward longwave component that logarithmically increases from 0 to 90 W m−2 when liquid water path increases from 1.0 to 3.5 g m−2. The attenuation of shortwave incoming irradiance (that can reach more than 100 W m−2) is almost compensated for by the upward shortwave irradiance because of high values of surface albedo. Based on our study, we can extrapolate that, over the Antarctic continent, SLWCs have a maximum radiative forcing that is rather weak over the eastern Antarctic Plateau (0 to 7 W m−2) but 3 to 5 times larger over West Antarctica (0 to 40 W m−2), maximizing in summer and over the Antarctic Peninsula.</p

Biocompatible Nanocomplexes for Molecular Targeted MRI Contrast Agent

Accurate diagnosis in early stage is vital for the treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of poly lactic acid–polyethylene glycol/gadolinium–diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (PLA–PEG/Gd–DTPA) nanocomplexes using as biocompatible molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. The PLA–PEG/Gd–DTPA nanocomplexes were obtained using self-assembly nanotechnology by incubation of PLA–PEG nanoparticles and the commercial contrast agent, Gd–DTPA. The physicochemical properties of nanocomplexes were measured by atomic force microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. The T1-weighted MR images of the nanocomplexes were obtained in a 3.0 T clinical MR imager. The stability study was carried out in human plasma and the distribution in vivo was investigated in rats. The mean size of the PLA–PEG/Gd–DTPA nanocomplexes was 187.9 ± 2.30 nm, and the polydispersity index was 0.108, and the zeta potential was −12.36 ± 3.58 mV. The results of MRI test confirmed that the PLA–PEG/Gd–DTPA nanocomplexes possessed the ability of MRI, and the direct correlation between the MRI imaging intensities and the nano-complex concentrations was observed (r = 0.987). The signal intensity was still stable within 2 h after incubation of the nanocomplexes in human plasma. The nanocomplexes gave much better image contrast effects and longer stagnation time than that of commercial contrast agent in rat liver. A dose of 0.04 mmol of gadolinium per kilogram of body weight was sufficient to increase the MRI imaging intensities in rat livers by five-fold compared with the commercial Gd–DTPA. PLA–PEG/Gd–DTPA nanocomplexes could be prepared easily with small particle sizes. The nanocomplexes had high plasma stability, better image contrast effect, and liver targeting property. These results indicated that the PLA–PEG/Gd–DTPA nanocomplexes might be potential as molecular targeted imaging contrast agent

Quinoa phenotyping methodologies: An international consensus

Quinoa is a crop originating in the Andes but grown more widely and with the genetic potential for significant further expansion. Due to the phenotypic plasticity of quinoa, varieties need to be assessed across years and multiple locations. To improve comparability among field trials across the globe and to facilitate collaborations, components of the trials need to be kept consistent, including the type and methods of data collected. Here, an internationally open-access framework for phenotyping a wide range of quinoa features is proposed to facilitate the systematic agronomic, physiological and genetic characterization of quinoa for crop adaptation and improvement. Mature plant phenotyping is a central aspect of this paper, including detailed descriptions and the provision of phenotyping cards to facilitate consistency in data collection. High-throughput methods for multi-temporal phenotyping based on remote sensing technologies are described. Tools for higher-throughput post-harvest phenotyping of seeds are presented. A guideline for approaching quinoa field trials including the collection of environmental data and designing layouts with statistical robustness is suggested. To move towards developing resources for quinoa in line with major cereal crops, a database was created. The Quinoa Germinate Platform will serve as a central repository of data for quinoa researchers globally.Fil: Stanschewski, Clara S.. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Arabia SauditaFil: Rey, Elodie. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Arabia SauditaFil: Fiene, Gabriele. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Arabia SauditaFil: Craine, Evan B.. Washington State University; Estados UnidosFil: Wellman, Gordon. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Arabia SauditaFil: Melino, Vanessa J.. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Arabia SauditaFil: Patiranage, Dilan S. R.. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Arabia SauditaFil: Johansen, Kasper. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Arabia SauditaFil: Schmöckel, Sandra M.. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Arabia SauditaFil: Bertero, Hector Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Producción Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura; ArgentinaFil: Oakey, Helena. University of Adelaide; AustraliaFil: Colque Little, Carla. Universidad de Copenhagen; DinamarcaFil: Afzal, Irfan. University of Agriculture; PakistánFil: Raubach, Sebastian. The James Hutton Institute; Reino UnidoFil: Miller, Nathan. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Streich, Jared. Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Amby, Daniel Buchvaldt. Universidad de Copenhagen; DinamarcaFil: Emrani, Nazgol. Christian-albrechts-universität Zu Kiel; AlemaniaFil: Warmington, Mark. Agriculture And Food; AustraliaFil: Mousa, Magdi A. A.. Assiut University; Arabia Saudita. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Arabia SauditaFil: Wu, David. Shanxi Jiaqi Agri-Tech Co.; ChinaFil: Jacobson, Daniel. Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Andreasen, Christian. Universidad de Copenhagen; DinamarcaFil: Jung, Christian. Christian-albrechts-universität Zu Kiel; AlemaniaFil: Murphy, Kevin. Washington State University; Estados UnidosFil: Bazile, Didier. Savoirs, Environnement, Sociétés; Francia. Universite Paul-valery Montpellier Iii; FranciaFil: Tester, Mark. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Arabia Saudit

Schizophrénie, vieillissement et dépression

International audienceLa dépression du patient souffrant de schizophrénie est une question clinique importante. Les estimations de fréquence sont très variables selon les études. Elles s'étendent de 7 à 75 %. L'expression clinique évolue avec l'âge : les symptômes positifs diminuent d'intensité au profit des symptômes négatifs, et pour certains auteurs au profit des symptômes affectifs, essentiellement la dépression

European Space Agency experiments on thermodiffusion of fluid mixtures in space

Abstract.: This paper describes the European Space Agency (ESA) experiments devoted to study thermodiffusion of fluid mixtures in microgravity environment, where sedimentation and convection do not affect the mass flow induced by the Soret effect. First, the experiments performed on binary mixtures in the IVIDIL and GRADFLEX experiments are described. Then, further experiments on ternary mixtures and complex fluids performed in DCMIX and planned to be performed in the context of the NEUF-DIX project are presented. Finally, multi-component mixtures studied in the SCCO project are detailed