‘Division of the Monochord’ and the science of harmonics in the Hellenistic era‘Kanon’un Bölünümü’ yazması ve Helenistik dönemde müzikbilim

This study will discuss the importance of the manuscript Division of the Monochord (Sectio Canonis in Latin, Katotomes Kanonos in Greek) in the history of Greek harmonic science. Estimated to be a work dating from the early years of the Hellenistic Era, Division of the Monochord remains to be the earliest full-text document that presents the Pythagorean approach to harmonics in a systematic framework. Starting with a discussion on the nature of sound which – as it states - is based on movement as well as the reasons of consonance and dissonance, the work continues relating the rules of concordance with arithmetic principles and re-examines these principles within a musical framework, ultimately leading to the final part which teaches to establish the Greater Perfect System on a monochord (kanon). Kanon which bears meanings as rule, rightness, truthful model and scale in ancient Greek, thus becomes a instrumental device in Pythagorean musical theory, reflecting the truth along with its visual and audible counterparts. Besides presenting a detailed examination of this manuscript, the aim of this study is to evaluate the text along with the historical, philosophical and scientific dimensions that surround it. Considered from this point, it will be revealed that Division of the Monochord is much more than a simple music theory manuscript for the Pythagoreans, but rather a “project of truth”.ÖzetBu çalışmada Kanon’un Bölünümü yazmasının Antik Çağ müzik-teori tarihindeki önemi tartışılacaktır. Helenistik dönemin ilk yüzyılından kalma bir eser olduğu tahmin edilen Kanon’un Bölünümü, Pisagorcuların müzik teorisine yaklaşımlarının sistematik bir çerçevede ele alındığının tarihte tespit edilebildiği ilk tam metindir. Sesin doğası, sesler arası uyumluluğun nedenleri, bu nedenlerin aritmetik prensiplerle açıklanması ve daha sonra bu prensiplerin müzikal bağlamda tekrar ele alındığı Kanon’un Bölünümü yazması, son önermelerinde monokort (kanon) enstrümanı üzerinde iki oktavlık diyatonik sistemin kurulması ile sonlanır. Antik Yunan’da doğru bir model ve ölçek anlamında kullanılan kanon kelimesi, böylelikle Pisagorcu müzik kuramında da doğru’yu gösteren bir bilgi ve bu doğru bilginin görsel ve duyumsal yansımalarının deneyimlendiği bir ölçek enstrüman olacaktır. Çalışmanın amacı, bu yazmanın detaylı bir incelemesi olmanın yanı sıra, yazmanın Helenistik dönem müzik biliminde, onu çevreleyen tarihsel, felsefi ve bilimsel boyutları ile birlikte değerlendirilmesidir. Bu açılardan değerlendirildiğinde Kanon’un Bölünümü’nün Pisagorcular için basit bir müzik teorisi yazmasından çok bir “hakikat projesi” olduğu ortaya çıkacaktır.

Şelpe Tekniğinde Armonik Uygulamalar Için Sistemleştirme Yöntemi

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Social Sciences, 2020Tez (Doktora) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2020This study aims to identify the musical texture of traditional and contemporary Şelpe music, to present a new system to analyze the multipart musical creation of Saz/Bağlama using the Şelpe technique, and to provide practical performance symbols for Şelpe players. This study also aims to demonstrate structures of vertical textures, such as chords and their finger positioning on Saz/Bağlama's fretboard. In this systemization, the matrix diagrams of mathematics are used to display the coordinates of any kind of chords and their finger positioning on the fretboard. The features of the Matrix system in this systematization are quite different from the Matrix arrays of mathematics. The structure of this systemization is thoroughly explained, tested and presented by samplings such as analyses, arrangements, compositions, notations, figures, and tables. The multi-purpose aspect of this systemization was especially emphasized by showing samples of analyses, compositions, and musical accompanimentsBu çalışmada; geleneksel ve modern Şelpe tekniği ile ortaya konulan müziğin müziksel dokusunu tanımlamak ve Şelpe tekniğinin kullanıldığı Saz/Bağlama'nın çoksesli müzik üretimlerini analiz etmek üzere, dikey müzik dokularını ve bu dokuyu oluşturan akor gibi yapıların sap üzerinde el pozisyonlamasını gösteren bir sistem sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Temelde herhangi bir tür akorun ve onun sap üzerinde el pozisyonlamasını göstermek üzere oluşturulan bu sistematizasyonda matematikte kullanılan matris kodlaması kullanılmıştır. Oluşturulan sistem, analiz, aranje ve kompozisyon çalışmaları, notasyonlar, figür ve tablolar gibi birçok örneklemle detaylı bir şekilde sunulmuş ve sistematizasyon tüm yapısı ile ortaya konulmuştur. Özellikle de, oluşturulan bu sistematizasyonun çok amaçlı bir şekilde kullanılabilirliği birçok analiz, kompozisyon ve eşlikleme örnekleri ile sergilenerek vurgulanmıştır.DoktoraPh.D

Analytical Approaches to Harmonic Practices in Şelpe Performing of Saz/Bağlama

The Şelpe technique of Saz/Bağlama goes a long way back, having its roots in various pastoral-nomadic communities of Central Asia and Middle East. Recently, The Saz/ Bağlama artists of urban centers re-explored the traditional Şelpe technique by learning directly from the local artists or from their recordings. Especially, during the 1980s and 90s, Şelpe technique and its almost forgotten Parmak Vurma sub-technique employed by Yörük community from Teke region, were main subjects to re-exploration and revivalist research of a couple of Saz/Bağlama artists with musical backgrounds based on the urban music tradition. Furthermore, they hybridized the techniques taken from classical or flamenco guitar, dutar, and dombra and alike with the traditional Şelpe technique. Hence, a particular musical component of Anatolian folk music, Şelpe technique, became a subject of revivalist studies aiming at opening new paths for Saz/Bağlama music in a new musical environment. One of the core aims of the re-invention and modernization process of the Şelpe technique was to invent the new multipart musical textures by the way of achieving a sort of synthesis with traditional harmonic practices of the Şelpe and Western harmonic practices. In this direction, various arrangements and compositions have been produced and presented through public performances of the contemporary Şelpe by the Saz/Bağlama masters in the cities. The genuine multipart musical textures of traditional Şelpe performance and the synthesis produced by the incorporation of tonal harmonic practices into Şelpe technique have called forth a systematic approach and theoretical models forming the performance standards of the modern Şelpe. The main objective of this analytical approach would be the creation of a system displaying Şelpe’s all vertical musical structures pertaining to traditional, modern, and mixed harmonic practices, indicating the related positions on the Saz/Bağlama fingerboar

A Dataset of rhythmic pattern reproductions and baseline automatic assessment system

Comunicació presentada a: 20th annual conference of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR) celebrat del 4 al 8 de novembre de 2019 a Delft, Països Baixos.This work presents a novel dataset comprised of audio and jury evaluations for rhythmic pattern reproduction performances by students applying for a conservatory. Data was collected in-loco during entrance exams where students were asked to imitate a set of rhythmic patterns played by teachers. In addition to the pass or fail grades provided by the members of the jury during the exam sessions, a subset of the data was also evaluated by external annotators on a 4-level scale. A baseline automatic assessment system is presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the dataset. Preliminary results deliver an accuracy of 76% for a simple pass/fail logistic regression classifier and a mean average error of 0.59 for a linear regression grade estimator. The implementation is also made publicly available to serve as baseline for alternative assessments systems that may leverage the dataset.This work was conducted during a visiting scholar period at Universitat Pompeu Fabra, sponsored by the Capes Foundation within the Ministry of Education, Brazil (grant n. 88881.189929/2018-01). The dataset was collected during a project funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, TUBITAK, Grant [215K017]

Design and Implementation of an Interactive Interface for Demand Response and Home Energy Management Applications

Demand response (DR) implementations have recently found wide application areas in the context of smart grids. The effectiveness of these implementations is primarily based on the willingness of end-users to be involved in such programs. In this paper, an interactive and user-friendly interface is presented in order to facilitate and accordingly to increase the participation of end-users in DR programs. The proposed interface has the capability of providing the targeted information about the DR events to end-users and system operators, as well as allowing end-users to interactively monitor and control the progress of their appliances. In addition to its benefits to system operators and thus to the improved operation of power systems, the proposed interface particularly aims to exploit the potential energy-related cost savings by providing the required information and resources to end-users via mobile phone. A separate interface apart from the mentioned end-user oriented interface has also been developed for the system operator to more effectively check the status of DR applications in detail. The capabilities of the proposed concept are evaluated in a real smart home in terms of various aspects

A Dataset of rhythmic pattern reproductions and baseline automatic assessment system

Comunicació presentada a: 20th annual conference of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR) celebrat del 4 al 8 de novembre de 2019 a Delft, Països Baixos.This work presents a novel dataset comprised of audio and jury evaluations for rhythmic pattern reproduction performances by students applying for a conservatory. Data was collected in-loco during entrance exams where students were asked to imitate a set of rhythmic patterns played by teachers. In addition to the pass or fail grades provided by the members of the jury during the exam sessions, a subset of the data was also evaluated by external annotators on a 4-level scale. A baseline automatic assessment system is presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the dataset. Preliminary results deliver an accuracy of 76% for a simple pass/fail logistic regression classifier and a mean average error of 0.59 for a linear regression grade estimator. The implementation is also made publicly available to serve as baseline for alternative assessments systems that may leverage the dataset.This work was conducted during a visiting scholar period at Universitat Pompeu Fabra, sponsored by the Capes Foundation within the Ministry of Education, Brazil (grant n. 88881.189929/2018-01). The dataset was collected during a project funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, TUBITAK, Grant [215K017]

Volumetric decrease of pancreas after abdominal irradiation, it is time to consider pancreas as an organ at risk for radiotherapy planning

Abstract Background Volumetric shrinkage of normal tissues such as salivary glands, kidneys, hippocampus are observed after radiotherapy. We aimed to assess the alterations in pancreatic volume of patients who received abdominal radiotherapy and define pancreas as an organ at risk for radiation treatment planning. Material-methods Forty-nine patients operated for gastric adenocarcinoma who received adjuvant abdominal radiotherapy were in the study group, 27 patients with early stage disease who did not need adjuvant treatment after surgery comprised the control group. An experienced radiologist contoured the pancreas of all the patients from computed tomographies imported to the planning system obtained either for radiation planning purpose or for follow-up after surgery. The same procedure was repeated one year later for both groups. Measured volume of the pancreas was expressed in cm3. Results Mean pancreatic volumes were similar in both groups at the onset of the study, 51,34 ± 20,33 cm3, and 50,12 ± 23,75 cm3 in the irradiated and the control groups respectively (p = 0,63). One year later, mean pancreatic volumes were significantly decreased in each group; 22,48 ± 10,53 cm3, 44,18 ± 23,08 cm3 respectively, p < 0,001. However, the decrease in pancreatic volume was significantly more pronounced in the irradiated group in comparison to the control group, p < 0,001. Conclusion Volumetric decrease in normal tissues after radiotherapy is responsible for loss of organ function and radiation related late side effects. Although pancreas is a radiation sensitive organ losing its volume and function after radiation exposure, it is not yet considered as an organ at risk for radiation treatment planning. Pancreas should be contoured as an organ at risk, dose-volume histogram for the organ should be created, and safe organ doses should be determined. This is the first study declaring pancreas as an organ at risk for radiation toxicity and the necessity of defining dose constraints for the organ

The role of bioelectrical impedance analysis, NT-ProBNP and inferior vena cava sonography in the assessment of body fluid volume in children with nephrotic syndrome

Background: Assessment of volume status and differentiating “underfill” and “overfill” edema is essential in the management of patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS). Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the volume status of NS patients by using different methods and to investigate the utility of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in children with NS. Methods: The hydration status of 19 patients with NS (before treatment of NS and at remission) and 25 healthy controls was assessed by multifrequency BIA, serum N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter, left atrium diameter (LAD) and vasoactive hormones. Results: Renin, aldosterone levels, IVC diameter and LAD were not statistically different between the groups. NT-proBNP values were statistically higher in the attack period compared to remission and the control group (p = 0.005 for each). Total body water (TBW), overhydration (OH) and extracellular water (ECW) estimated by the BIA measurement in the attack group was significantly higher than that of the remission group and controls. There were no significant correlations among volume indicators in group I and group II. However, significant correlations were observed between NT-proBNP and TBW/BSA (p = 0.008), ECW/BSA (p = 0.003) and ECW/ICW (p = 0.023) in the healthy group. TBW was found to be higher in patients with NS in association with increased ECW but without any change in ICW. NT-proBNP values were higher in patients during acute attack than during remission. Conclusions: Our findings support the lack of hypovolaemia in NS during acute attack. In addition, BIA is an easy-to-perform method for use in routine clinical practice to determine hydration status in patients with NS

The neglected value of phosphate ion for respiratory functions in cardiac surgery

Objective: Hypophosphatemia can cause a chain of chemical reactions leading to acute respiratory failure. Therefore it is of potential with regard torelevance with postoperative respiratory complications. The aim of our study was to evaluate the correlation between the serum phosphate level and pulmonary functions after cardiac surgery. Material: A total of 66 patients who had a normal initial phosphate level and who had cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass in a tertiary healthcare hospital between November 2013 and May 2014 were enrolled in our study. All of their data was retrospectively evaluated. Method: All the operations were performed by the same surgical team. Patients were grouped according to postoperative serum phosphate levels as group A with normal level and group B with low level. Results: The demographic and pre-operative variables were found to be similar between both groups (p > 0.05). Intraoperative and postoperative comparisons of the two groups showed that the postoperative phosphate level (p = 0.001) and postoperative use of inotropic agent (p = 0.047) differed significantly. Correlation analyses showed a significant negative correlation between postoperative phosphate levels and time of mechanical ventilatory support (r = -0.367; r(2) = 0.135; p = 0.002). Conclusions: Hypophosphatemia was found to be an independent risk factor for prolonged mechanical ventilatory support. Postoperative measuring of phosphate serum levels should not be underestimated after cardiac surgery

The effect of idiopathic premature ventricular complexes on left ventricular ejection fraction.

Aim: Current literature lacks a definitive threshold of idiopathic premature ventricular complex (PVC) burden for predicting cardiomyopathy (CMP). The main objective of the present study was to evaluate relationship between the PVC burden and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Method: This multicenter, cross-sectional study included 341 consecutive patients with more than 1,000 idiopathic PVC in 24 hr of Holter monitoring admitted to the cardiology clinics between January 2019 and May 2019 in the nineteen different centers. The primary outcome was the LVEF measured during the echocardiographic examination. Result: Overall, the median age was 50 (38-60) and 139 (49.4%) were female. Percentage of median PVC burden was 9% (IQR: 4%-17.4%). Median LVEF was found 60% (55-65). We used proportional odds logistic regression method to examine the relationship between continuous LVEF and candidate predictors. Increase in PVC burden (%) (regression coefficient (RE) -0.644 and 95% CI -1.063, -0.225, p < .001), PVC QRS duration (RE-0.191 and 95% CI -0.529, 0.148, p = .049), and age (RE-0.249 and 95% CI -0.442, -0.056, p = .018) were associated with decrease in LVEF. This inverse relationship between the PVC burden and LVEF become more prominent when PVC burden was above 5%. A nomogram developed to estimate the individual risk for decrease in LVEF. Conclusion: Our study showed that increase in PVC burden %, age, and PVC QRS duration were independently associated with decrease in LVEF in patients with idiopathic PVC. Also, inverse relationship between PVC burden and LVEF was observed in lower PVC burden than previously known