Composición y abundancia de especies de octocorales en el mar de Mármara, donde el Mediterráneo confluye con el mar Negro

Species composition and abundance of octocoral assemblages were investigated in the Sea of Marmara, which forms the connection between the Mediterranean and the Black Seas, two semi-enclosed seas with peculiar oceanographic conditions. Fourteen octocoral species were collected in the saline layer of the Marmara Sea (20-40 m), with a mean coral abundance of 5.21±5.11 colonies m–2 (mean ± SD) calculated from a total of 1390 colonies counted in transects. In spite of severe anthropogenic disturbances, dense assemblages of corals/gorgonians were observed during this study. The coralligenous communities—one of the most valuable structures of the Mediterranean Sea—harbored either Eunicella cavolini or Paramuricea macrospina as the dominant gorgonian in the Marmara Sea. Furthermore, the gorgonian assemblages of the Marmara Sea differed from those of the Mediterranean in their high abundance of P. macrospina and Spinimuricea klavereni, two species rarely encountered in the Mediterranean Sea at the studied depth range. The factors behind the observed differences are discussed in regard to the particular oceanographic conditions of the Marmara Sea. Finally, we revised the main threats to corals/gorgonians in the Marmara Sea and provided some insights on management recommendations for coral conservation in this area.En este trabajo se ha analizado la composición y abundancia de especies de octocorales de las comunidades bentónicas del mar de Mármara. Este mar conecta el Mediterráneo y el mar Negro, dos mares semicerrados con condiciones oceanográficas particulares. En la capa salina del mar de Mármara (20-40 m) se encontraron un total de catorce especies de octocorales. La abundancia media de colonias de las diferentes especies se obtuvo mediante la realización de transectos. En total se censaron 1390 colonias resultando en una abundancia media de corales de 5.21±5.11 colonias m–2 (media±DE). A pesar de que el mar de Mármara está sometido a severas perturbaciones antropogénicas, se observaron densas agregaciones de corales/ gorgonias durante este estudio. En las comunidades de coralígeno—una de las comunidades más emblemáticas del mar Mediterráneo—que se desarrollan en el mar de Mármara están dominadas por dos especies de gorgonias Eunicella cavolini o Paramuricea macrospina. Además las agregaciones de gorgonias del mar de Mármara diferían de las del Mediterráneo por su alta abundancia de P. macrospina y Spinimuricea klavereni, dos especies raramente encontradas en el mar Mediterráneo en el rango de profundidades estudiado. Los factores que podrían explicar los resultados se discuten teniendo en cuenta las condiciones oceanográficas particulares del mar de Mármara y las principales amenazas para los corales/gorgonias en el mar de Mármara. Finalmente, ofrecemos algunas recomendaciones de gestión para la conservación de los corales en esta área

Conserved Charges of Higher D Kerr-AdS Spacetimes

We compute the energy and angular momenta of recent D-dimensional Kerr-AdS solutions to cosmological Einstein gravity, as well as of the BTZ metric, using our invariant charge definitions.Comment: 11 pages, references added, equation correcte

Drying kinetic and physical properties of green laird lentil (Lens culinaris) in microwave drying

The objective of this study was to study the drying kinetics of green laird lentil (Lens culinaris) in microwave drying method. The drying data were fitted to the various thin-layer models. All the models were compared using three statistical parameters, that is, coefficient of determination R2, reduced mean square of the deviation X2 and root means square error RMSE. Also, the lentil’s physical and mechanical features crude protein, oil and ash parameters were specified under different microwave levels. It was concluded according to these values that the recommended model is the best model, which can define the drying curves at the practices at 300, 400, 550, 700 and 800 W in drying lentil by microwave.Key words: Microwave, lentil, physical properties, crude protein, drying

Optimum Power Allocation for Average Power Constrained Jammers in the Presense of Non-Gaussian Noise

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We study the problem of determining the optimum power allocation policy for an average power constrained jammer operating over an arbitrary additive noise channel, where the aim is to minimize the detection probability of an instantaneously and fully adaptive receiver employing the Neyman-Pearson (NP) criterion. We show that the optimum jamming performance can be achieved via power randomization between at most two different power levels. We also provide sufficient conditions for the improvability and nonimprovability of the jamming performance via power randomization in comparison to a fixed power jamming scheme. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate theoretical results

Photonuclear reactions with Zinc: A case for clinical linacs

The use of bremsstrahlung photons produced by a linac to induce photonuclear reactions is wide spread. However, using a clinical linac to produce the photons is a new concept. We aimed to induce photonuclear reactions on zinc isotopes and measure the subsequent transition energies and half-lives. For this purpose, a bremsstrahlung photon beam of 18 MeV endpoint energy produced by the Philips SLI-25 linac has been used. The subsequent decay has been measured with a well-shielded single HPGe detector. The results obtained for transition energies are in good agreement with the literature data and in many cases surpass these in accuracy. For the half-lives, we are in agreement with the literature data, but do not achieve their precision. The obtained accuracy for the transition energies show what is achievable in an experiment such as ours. We demonstrate the usefulness and benefits of employing clinical linacs for nuclear physics experiments

Effect of different segmentation methods using optical satellite imagery to estimate fuzzy clustering parameters for Sentinel-1A SAR images

Optical and SAR data are efficient data sources for shoreline monitoring. The processing of SAR data such as feature extraction is not an easy task since the images have totally different structure than optical imagery. Determination of threshold value is a challenging task for SAR data. In this study, SENTINEL-2A optical data was used as ancillary data to predict fuzzy membership parameters for segmentation of SENTINEL-1A SAR data to extract shoreline. SENTINEL-2A and SENTINEL-1A satellite images used were taken in September 9, 2016 and September 13, 2016 respectively. Three different segmentation algorithms which are selected from object, learning and pixel-based methods. They have been exploited to obtain land and water classes which have been used as an input data for parameter estimation. Thus, the performance of different segmentation algorithm has been investigated and analysed. In the first step of the study, Mean-Shift, Random Forest and Whale Optimization algorithms have been employed to obtain water and land classes from the SENTINEL-2A image. Water and land classes derived from each algorithm – are used as input data, and then the required parameters for the fuzzy clustering of SENTINEL-1A SAR image, were calculated. Lake Constance, Germany has been chosen as the study area. In this study, additionally an interface plugin has been developed and integrated into the open source Quantum GIS software platform. The developed interface allows non-experts to process and extract the shorelines without using any parameters. But, this system requires pre-segmented data as input. Thus, the batch process calculates the required parameters

Critical Points of D-Dimensional Extended Gravities

We study the parameter space of D-dimensional cosmological Einstein gravity together with quadratic curvature terms. In D>4 there are in general two distinct (anti)-de Sitter vacua. We show that for appropriate choice of the parameters there exists a critical point for one of the vacua, for which there are only massless tensor, but neither massive tensor nor scalar, gravitons. At criticality, the linearized excitations have vanishing energy (as do black hole solutions). A further restriction of the parameters gives a one-parameter cosmological Einstein plus Weyl^2 model with a unique vacuum, whose \Lambda is determined.Comment: 6 pages, typos correcte

The chicken or the egg; or Who ordered the chiral phase transition?

We draw an analogy between the deconfining transition in the 2+1 dimensional Georgi-Glashow model and the chiral phase transition in 3+1 dimensional QCD. Based on the detailed analysis of the former (hep-th/0010201) we suggest that the chiral symmetry restoration in QCD at high temperature is driven by the thermal ensemble of baryons and anti-baryons. The chiral symmetry is restored when roughly half of the volume is occupied by the baryons. Surprisingly enough, even though baryons are rather heavy, a crude estimate for the critical temperature gives $T_c=180$ Mev. In this scenario the binding of the instantons is not the cause but rather a consequence of the chiral symmetry restoration.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, comments about chiral symmetry at finite nuclear density are adde