Electron density in the solar corona from type III radio bursts

It has been proven that electron density in the solar corona is determined by observing the frequency drift of type III radio bursts. We investigated the certain dependence of the scale height on the distance, which allows us to obtain different dependence of the frequency drift rate (FDR) on the frequency. The scale height is presented in a combination of two distance dependencies as H= αλT+(1-α)f(r). As a result of integration of equation, we obtain the electron density ne(r) in the form ne= n0(1+y)((-1) ⁄ ((1-α)b)),  y=((1-α)/(α)) b ((r)/(λT) and the constants are determined in comparison with the empirical formulas for FDR. In particular, using the well-known empirical formula (dν)/(dt)=-0.01ν1.84, we can obtain (1-α)b=0.42. The obtained calculation results are compared with the results of other authors and they have been found to be consistent when choosing the parameters included in the formula. The calculation shows that this formula is in good agreement with the data at distances from the lower corona to the Earth's orbit. This dependence of electron density makes it possible to agree with the observed FDR as a function of frequency

Heterogeneous Effects of Commodity Price Shocks on Inflation Rates. Evidence from a Panel Study.

Do commodity price shocks have heterogeneous effect on countries based on their export and import profiles? I address this question through a panel study of 142 countries using Export and Import Indexes aimed at differentiating the retail pass-through and fiscal balance channel of transmission of Commodity Price shocks on inflation. The results show that an increase in the Export Index leads to a decrease in contemporary inflation while an increase in the Import Index leads to an increase in inflation in the next year. Average causal mediating effect of the Export Index on Inflation through the Fiscal Balance was shown to be negative

Numerical and Experimental Study on Vortex Rope with MGV in the Micro-Class Hydro Francis Turbine

Energy consumption is a huge part of our daily life. Today we gather most of our energy from coal, oil and natural gas also known fossil fuels. Generating electricity on our planet, requires plenty of massive power plants and transmission grid system delivery to the power. Renewable energy comes from a source that is not depleted when using such as wind, solar and hydropower. Hydropower is the largest source of renewable energy which is capture the energy of falling water to generate electricity as well can be efforts produce number of benefits such as a water supply, flood control and irrigation system. Micro-hydropower installation can provide power to the out-settlement or small community. These usually range between 5kW-100kW of electricity output. In this study, numerical and experimental analysis of 3kW micro-class Francis turbine carried out to predict performance of the turbine. A Draft tube is one of the most important part of Francis turbine which connects the runner exit to the tailrace where the water is being finally discharged at atmospheric pressure from the reaction turbine. There are several issues in the draft tube like pressure pulsation, effect of cavitation on draft tube performance, vortex rope study etc. At part-load condition vortex form it hits structure constantly which is affect the performance of the turbine. This study focused on prediction of vortex behavior at the draft tube and numerical results obtained the hydraulic performance of 3kW micro-class Francis turbine with the inlet pipe, a spiral casing with 12 guide vanes, 6 stay vanes and the runner having 13 blades and a draft tube. Ansys CFX software used to simulate for the numerical analysis of micro-class Francis turbine. Three misaligned guide vane (MGV) openings with 5 different MGV openings were chosen to analyze the influence of the pressure pulse in the turbine. Additionally, PIV technique was used to investigate flow velocity in the draft tube. In the numerical simulation, different sets of operating points were selected to get performance characteristics of the turbine and best efficiency point indicated 91.67% efficiency at 0.02m3/s, power output 3.32kW. For misaligned guide vanes, more options can be tried out by misaligning more guide vanes, at higher angles. Additionally, based on the numerical analysis of a Francis turbine, the results for efficiency obtained from simulation are found to good agreement with the model results obtained from the manufacturer. From the performed experiment on performance test of Francis turbine using the Francis turbine experimental set-up in the Flow Informatics Laboratory at Korean Maritime and Ocean University. The experimental analysis of the turbine showed a significant result. The turbine operated at different vane angle setting were obtained and tested by varying the parameters as a guide vane angle in the 6 different range of between 2-12 degrees, speed, and 500-1700 rpm respectively. The lowest difference between the experimental and numerical results was 2.03% and the maximum difference between the experimental and numerical results was 6.12 %. Numerical efficiency higher than experimental efficiency.CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 History of hydropower 2 1.3 Classification of the hydropower plant 3 1.3.1 River Power Plant (Run-Of-River) 4 1.3.2 Pumped storage hydropower plant 5 1.3.3 Reservoir hydropower plant 5 1.3.4 Instream technology using existing facilties 6 1.4 Organization of hydropower plant 6 CHAPTER 2. HYDRO TURBINES 8 2.1 Classification of turbine 8 2.1.1 Based on head and quantity of water available 8 2.1.2 Classification based on action of the water flowing through runner 9 2.1.3 Classification based on Direction of flow of water in runner 10 2.1.4 Classification based on specific speed 10 2.2 Francis turbine 12 2.2.1 Components of the Francis turbine 12 2.2.2 Spiral Casing 13 2.2.3 Runner 13 2.2.4 Guide vanes and stay vanes 14 2.2.5 Draft tube 14 2.3 Cavitation in francis turbine 19 CHAPTER 3. PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF SETUP TURBINE 22 3.1 Modeling 22 3.2 Numerical analysis 28 3.2.1 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) 28 3.2.2 Grid discretization 29 3.2.3 Boundary condition 31 3.2.4 Hydraulic efficiency and power characteristic 32 3.2.5 Flow feature and pressure distribution 34 3.3 Unsteady flow analysis 41 3.3.1 Unsteady flow at full load 41 3.3.2 Unsteady flow at partial load 45 3.3.3 A draft tube swirl 46 3.3.4 Vortex rope in part flow 46 3.4 Signal analysis 52 3.5 Misaligned guide vane 55 CHAPTER 4. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS 58 4.1 Eexperimental setup 58 4.2 Experimental apparatus specifications 60 4.2.1 Torque Transducer 60 4.2.2 Powder brake 62 4.2.3 Pressure transducers 63 4.2.4 Flow mmeter 64 4.3 Calibration and uncertainty analysis 66 4.4 Eexperimental procedure 67 4.4.1 Starting the Pump 67 4.4.2 Starting the Francis turbine 67 4.4.3 Hydraulic efficiency of experimental 67 4.5 PIV experiment 70 4.5.1 Overview of PIV Flow Visualization 70 4.5.2 Configuration of PIV experiment device 71 4.5.3 Lighting and tracking particles 73 4.5.4 Result of the PIV experiment 75 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION 82 Acknowledgement 83 References 84Maste

腹部大動脈瘤形成における、平滑筋細胞でのTimp1遺伝子誘導

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is known to develop mainly by the increased diameter of aorta through metalloproteinases (MMPs). Although activities of MMPs are tightly regulated by the presence of tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMPs) and imbalances between MMPs and TIMPs may serve to fragility of arterial wall, little is known about TIMPs behavior in aneurysmal formation. Here, we utilized a murine experimental AAA model, and found that by immunohistochemical analysis, Timp1 as and Timp1 mRNA levels was also revealed in aortic tissue in AAA by RT-PCR. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α significantly activated both Mmp9 and Timp1 expression, and they were blocked by Jun kinase inhibitor (SP600125) in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, a proteasome inhibitor (MG132), which is known as an agent for inhibition of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), significantly inhibited the TNF-α-induced expression of Timp1, whereas MG132, which also works as an activator of c-Jun/AP-1 pathway, strongly increased Mmp9. Taken together, inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, may simultaneously induce MMPs and TIMPs for the remodeling of the medial layer, leading to the increased diameter of the aorta, the aneurysm.広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(医学)Philosophy in Medical Sciencedoctora

ヘリコプター衛星通信用時間ダイバーシチAFC方式の特性改善

電気通信大学200

Mongolischer Tsam-Tanz

Die hier vorgelegte Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Tsam-Tanz und seiner Rolle in der Mongolei. Mit diesem Forschungsprojekt wurde untersucht, unter welchen Bedingungen und historischen Abläufen sich der „Tsam“ genannte religiöse Tanz in der Mongolei etablieren konnte. Meine Forschungsfragen aus theaterwissenschaftlicher Perspektive betreffen somit einen von Europa geographisch weit entfernten und fremden kulturellen Raum. In der Wissenschaft sind die Entwicklungen dieses Tsam-Tanzes bisher lediglich im Rahmen der Religionsgeschichte und der Mongolistik in akademischen Kreisen diskutiert worden. Geschichtlich gesehen betrifft die Untersuchung des Tsam-Tanzes in der Mongolei einen sich über mehr als drei Jahrhunderte erstreckenden Zeitraum. Nach ersten Kontakten mit dem tibetischen Buddhismus der Kagyupa im 12. Jahrhundert missionierten tibetische Mönche der Gelugpa im 17. Jahrhundert intensiv die Mongolen, stark unterstützt von lokalen Fürsten und dem Gelben Kaiser. Der in Tibet entstandene Tsam-Tanz wurde im 18. Jahrhundert in der Mongolei eingeführt. Der autochthone Schamanismus wurde aber nicht verdrängt und ist bis heute lebendig, die Bevölkerung fühlt sich beiden Richtungen zugehörig. Natürlich haben sich mongolische Wissenschaftler längst des Themas angenommen. In „Wisdom of Sudar and Shastir“ hat Chürelbaatar die spannungsreiche Geschichte des Erdene-Zuu Tsam-Tanzes beschrieben, dem ersten mongolischen Tsam-Tanz. Ein Essay von Rinčen über den Besuch eines Mandschu-Ministers bei dieser ersten Aufführung im Erdene-Zuu-Kloster ergänzt Chürelbaatars Untersuchung. Der Tsam wurde hierauf von vielen Klöstern ein- oder zweimal im Jahr zur Ehrung des einen oder anderen Heiligen mit einer Dauer von ein bis zwei Tagen aufgeführt. In Maske und Kostüm ließen die buddhistischen Mönche Götter und Bodhisattvas vor der staunenden Bevölkerung vom Himmel herabsteigen. Sich in magischen Kreisen bewegend raunten sie Beschwörungsformeln, in ihren Hand- und Fußstellungen teilten sich die Götter mit. An dieser rituellen religiösen Schnittstelle zum Theater lassen sich vor allem zwei Standpunkte aus der theaterwissenschaftlichen Perspektive unterscheiden: Einerseits handelt es sich bei der Aufführung des Tsam-Tanzes um psychologisch-realistische Prozesse des Theaters, andererseits zeigen sich wesentliche Unterschiede zwischen Ritual und Theater. Interessant ist, dass sich einerseits aus dem Tsam mongolisches Theater entwickelte, andererseits, dass Theater wieder rituelle Züge bekommen könnte. Die wechselseitige Beziehung von Ritual und Theater erlebt man bei einer mongolischen Tsam-Aufführung. Die Darsteller des Tsam-Tanzes sind hochrangige Mönche, die sich in Konzentration und Meditation schulten und sich mit den dargestellten Gottheiten identifizieren, es werden auch historische und religiöse Persönlichkeiten dargestellt. Das so vorgeführte Weltbild präsentiert auch idealtypisch gute und schlechte menschliche Eigenschaften und mahnt die eigene Endlichkeit ein. Der bewusste Zuschauer erlebt sich so als Pilger und kann eine Transformation erfahren: Die enthaltenen Opferelemente entsorgen seelischen Ballast und vermitteln neue Kraft. Die Aufarbeitung dieses komplexen Kulturerbes bietet ein interessantes Forschungsfeld und erfordert die Zusammenarbeit verschiedener wissenschaftlicher Disziplinen.The work presented here deals with the Tsam dance and its role in Mongolia. This research project investigated, under which conditions and historical events the "Tsam" called religious dance has been established in Mongolia. My research questions from a theater scientific perspective affect a geographically distant and alien cultural space far away from Europe. In science the evolution of this Tsam dance has been discussed in the past only in academic circles as a part of the history of religion and the Mongolian. Historically the investigation of the Tsam dance in Mongolia concerns a period of more than three centuries. After initial contacts with the Tibetan Buddhism of Kagyupa in the 12th century Tibetan monks of the Gelugpa proselytized in the 17th century the Mongols intense, strongly supported by local princes and the Yellow Emperor. The Tsam dance arised in Tibet and has been introduced to Mongolia within the 18th century. The indigenous shamanism was not replaced and is still alive, the population feels both directions belong to. Of course, Mongolian scientists have long assumed this issue. In "Wisdom of Sudar and Shastir“ Chürelbaatar has described the exciting history of the Erdene-Zuu Tsam dance, the first Mongolian Tsam dance. An essay by Rinčen about the visit of a Manchu minister at this first performance at Erdene-Zuu Monastery supplements Chürelbaatars investigation. Sich in magischen Kreisen bewegend raunten sie Beschwörungsformeln, in ihren Hand- und Fußstellungen teilten sich die Götter mit. The Tsam was thereupon performed by many monasteries once or twice a year in honor of one or the other saint with a duration of one or two days. With mask and costume the Buddhist monks let descend gods and bodhisattvas from heaven to the astonished people. Moving themself within magic circles they whispered incantations and the movements of their hand and foot positions were shared with the gods. At this ritual religious interface to the theater you can share with two different views from the theater scientific perspective: On the one hand, the performance of the Tsam dance is a psychologically realistic processes of the theater, on the other hand, there are shown considerable differences between ritual and theater. It is interesting that on the one hand, the Mongolian theater evolved from Tsam, on the other, that theater could get again ritual trains. Die Darsteller des Tsam-Tanzes sind hochrangige Mönche, die sich in Konzentration und Meditation schulten und sich mit den dargestellten Gottheiten identifizieren, es werden auch historische und religiöse Persönlichkeiten dargestellt. The mutual relationship between ritual and theater can be experienced at a Mongolian Tsam performance. The characters in the Tsam dance are high-ranking monks, trained in concentration and meditation, who can identify with the figures shown, there are historical and religious figures represented too. The thus provided World view also presents the ideal type good and bad human characteristics and reminds us the own mortality. The conscious audience experiences ist own pilgrimage and may undergo a transformation: the elements contained in victim dispose emotional ballast and provide new energy. The analysis of this complex heritage offers an interesting field of research and collaboration with various scientific disciplines

Functional properties of fermented soymilk by Lactobacillus fermentum BM-325

Soy products have attracted much attention recently as carriers for probiotics. Fermentation of soymilk with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was found to improve the nutritional and bioactivity values of consumed foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate functional properties of fermented soymilk with probiotic LAB strain Lactobacillus fermentum BM-325, based on their growth behavior, enzymes and antioxidant activities. Growth behavior such as viable cell number, pH, total acidity and enzyme activities were determined during fermentation period. Maximum number of viable cell was Log10 CFU·ml-1 12.6±0.9, maximum β-glucosidase activity was 78.9±3.9 U·mg-1 and maximum α-galactosidase activity was 97.7±4.8 U·mg-1, as well as antioxidant activity was IC50 0.04±0.002 mg·mL-1. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEI) activity was determined in fermented soymilk and in partially purified peptide fraction. The ACEI activity was reached 60% after 20 h fermentation in soymilk. Our results suggested that fermentation of Lactobacillus fermentum BM-325 in soymilk for 4 h could be used to increase bioactivity of soymilk and suitable for the development of functional food

A study in digital prototyping and multidisciplinary design team collaboration

This thesis presents results of work that: (1) examined collaboration between engineering and industrial design students in solving biomedical design tasks, as well as gathering information on student perceptions of the relative usefulness of digital prototyping tools employed in the development of the design projects, and (2) reviewed the design literature while focusing on areas related to a computer-aided product realization course curriculum, namely: reflective practice in design, design thinking, computer-aided design (CAD) and creativity, prototyping, 3D printing, and next generation CAD. In the fall of 2015 twenty-three students were enrolled in a testbed computer-aided product design course. In the first half of the semester these students were familiarized with a common set of 3D CAD and digital prototyping (i.e., 3D printing, 3D scanning) tools. The second half of the semester was devoted to biomedical device design project tasks, where course participants were assigned to six teams in order to solve a specific design problem. Each team included members from bioengineering, industrial design, and either systems or mechanical engineering, or both. There were two main course instructors, one from engineering and one from industrial design. The course also included a teaching professor from bioengineering, a graduate research assistant, as well as a graduate teaching assistant. We hypothesized that ready access to 3D printing aids in successful design outcomes and addressed the following research questions: (1) what activities do multidisciplinary student teams pursue in the early stages of design?, (2) what benefits and challenges with regard to multidisciplinary design collaboration do students frequently note?, (3) what are the students’ perceived understandings of the effectiveness of cloud-based 3D CAD tools on both team collaboration and design concept development?, and (4) what are the students’ perceptions of the use of 3D printing for developing design solutions? A combination of methods, including audio recordings, reflection journals and surveys were employed to answer these research questions. The results of this work showed that course participants had positive views of the multidisciplinary composition of the design teams. Another finding was that the use of the digital prototyping tools, in particular the use of the cloud-based 3D CAD tool and 3D printing was helpful in supporting collaboration as well as in improving the likelihood of successful design outcomes. Another key finding from reviewing design literature was the role and importance of reflection in design education and practice. The results of this study have implications for promoting design team collaboration across disciplines, in particular among engineering and design students, and for contributing to effective teaching, learning and exploitation of new 3D CAD digital prototyping tools in engineering design education. Finally, based on the overall results of this thesis, recommendations aimed at improving the course curriculum are discussed

Sustainable Use of Crushed Concrete Waste as A Road Base Material

Crushed concrete waste is a by-product from building demolition and constitutes a principal component of municipal solid waste consisting of concrete, sand, brick, rock, metals and timber. Over 50% of this waste is commonly sent to land-filled sites, resulting in the impact on the limited capacity of land-filled sites. Nowadays, the sources of virgin natural aggregates aredepleted by increases in demand of using a virgin material in building and infrastructure, construction and maintenance facilities. This depletion leads to the utilisation of crushed concrete waste to replace natural aggregates in road and highway construction. Of key significance of this study is to present alternative materials for road and highway construction on the production of the proper guideline for road base by using crushed concrete waste.Sophisticated tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical responses of compacted crushed concrete subjected to applied loads simulated from traffic loads. Unconfined compressive strength, shear strength parameters and the resilient modulus of such material were determined. Our findings showed that crushed concrete waste is able to be utilised as a road base material. The results of this study will enhance increased use of crushed concrete waste in road and highway construction and will, therefore, alternatively reduce consumption and costs in manufacturing virgin aggregates

Development of artificial intelligence models for the enrichment and exploitation of geospatial data in the built environment

Geospatial data treatment is an important task since it is a big part of big data. Nowadays, geospatial data exploitation is lacking in terms of artificial intelligence. In this work, we focus on the usage of a machine learning models to exploit geospatial data. We will follow a complete workflow from the collection and first descriptive analysis of the data to the development and evaluation of the different machine learning algorithms. From download dataset we will predict if the download will lead to civil work, in other words, it is a classification problem. We conclude that combining machine learning and geospatial data we can get a lot out of it