Educational procedures guided by emancipatory principles for education on soils in higher education: A proposal

ABSTRACT The traditional paradigm of education, although outdated, still supports Soil Educational procedures in several Brazilian universities. However, the strategic documents of these institutions (Institutional Development Plan-IDP, Institutional Political Project-IPP and Pedagogical Projects of Courses-PPC's) support a critical vision of education, which converges with the emancipatory paradigm and with the purpose of Soil Education (SE), which is the formation and transformation of subjects for conscious actions in reality. To overcome this problem, we propose educational procedures guided by emancipatory principles for two disciplines related to the subject of soils in Higher Education (HE) in a traditional paradigm structure, with the objective of meeting the conception of education supported in the strategic documents of a Brazilian public university and achieving the purpose of SE. A bibliographical research and documental analysis of the strategic documents were carried out to form a theoretical and methodological base. In addition, emancipatory principles were considered in the elements that made up the educational procedures in SE. The proposal was analyzed and discussed based on the behavior of these principles in the structure of the disciplines. To verify how the proposal articulates with the conception of education defended by the university, the analysis started from the didactic-pedagogical aspects expressed in the IDP, IPP, PPC's and Teaching Plans of the disciplines involved in the research. We emphasize that it was possible to propose and apply educational procedures on soils with emancipatory principles within a traditional paradigm structure. Some principles were considered in essence, while others could not be considered or were only partially considered, showing that the traditional paradigm limits principles that go against its foundations. The proposal responded more to the concept of critical education defended in the strategic documents than the Soil Educational procedures with traditional principles elaborated and used by professors, since the proposal considered the student’s protagonism, the constitution of their autonomy, knowledge as relational, research as an educational principle, interculturality and procedural and continuous evaluation. On the other hand, procedures with traditional principles considered students as passive subjects, knowledge was seen as fragmented and their approach was made in an authoritarian way, disregarding students’ knowledge and the evaluation was quantitative. Furthermore, the convergence of educational intentionality between Education in Soils and education with emancipatory principles allows us to state that the emancipatory paradigm was an alternative to achieve the educational and formative purpose in educational processes on soils

Physicochemical characterization of ‘Pera’ orange fruits selections grafted on two rootstocks in the São Francisco Valley, Brazil

A laranjeira ‘Pera’ é uma variedade de origem desconhecida mas bem conhecida na citricultura brasileira, cultivada originalmente na Baixada Fluminense (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil), e difundida no início do século 20, quando foi introduzida em Limeira (São Paulo, Brasil), tornando-se a copa mais cultivada no país, desde então, contribuindo significativamente para a expansão e consolidação da citricultura brasileira. O trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a qualidade pós-colheita de quatro clones de laranja Pera enxertadas em dois porta-enxertos em condições semiáridas, através da determinação das características físicas e físico-químicas dos frutos. Foram avaliados as caracteríticas fisicas: massa (g), diâmetro e comprimento do fruto (mm); firmeza (Lb) e espessura da casca (mm); número de sementes. Determinado o teor de vitamina C e sólidos solúveis (ºBrix); além da acidez titulável (g de ácido cítrico 100 mL-1), do indice de maturação (relação SS/AT) e do rendimento do suco (%). A interação cultivares porta-enxertos e copa de laranjeira induziu a diferenças nos atributos físicos e qualidade dos frutos, sendo o ‘Limão Cravo’ o porta-enxerto que induziu a melhores frutos na laranjeira ‘Pera D-9’, que registraram maiores massas e diâmetros, associados a cascas mais espessas, menor teor de sólidos solúveis, menor acidez e maior teor de vitamina C, enquanto os frutos da laranja ‘Pera C-21’ apresentaram maiores comprimentos e teores de sólidos solúveis e os da laranja ‘Pera D-12’, menor número de sementes e maior rendimento de suco. Os parâmetros de qualidade observados nos frutos das cultivares de laranjeiras ‘Pera’ se mostraram condizentes com o padrão exigido para o mercado in natura

Vascularization of the cloacal bursa in Gallus gallus domesticus (master gris cou plumé lineage)

Estudou-se a vascularização da bolsa cloacal em aves da linhagem Master Gris Cou Plumé, quanto a sua origem, número e distribuição dos vasos. Procedeu-se a dissecação dos vasos por meio de duas incisões paramedianas na base do pigóstilo, em 20 exemplares de seis semanas de idade após fixação em solução aquosa de formol a 10%. Anteriormente à fixação, a artéria isquiádica direita foi canulada para perfusão do sistema arterial com solução aquosa a 50% de Neoprene Látex “450”, corado com pigmento vermelho. A bolsa cloacal foi irrigada pelas artérias: bursocloacal direita, presente em 19 exemplares (95%) apresentando de um a cinco ramos arteriais; bursocloacal esquerda, presente em todos os casos (100%), apresentando de um a cinco ramos arteriais; cloacal direita, observada em 13 aves (65%), exibindo de um a quatro ramos arteriais; cloacal esquerda, presente em 13 aves (65%), emitindo de dois a três ramos arteriais; e ilíacas internas direita e esquerda, observadas uma única vez (5%), que enviaram dois ramos arteriais. Quanto à distribuição, pode-se afirmar que os quadrantes caudais da bolsa cloacal, de ambos antímeros, foram os que mais receberam ramos arteriais, sendo que o esquerdo recebeu ramos da A. bursocloacal, A. cloacal e A. ilíaca interna em 19 casos (95%), 13 (65%) e um (5%), respectivamente. Os quadrantes craniais direito e esquerdo foram irrigados por ramos da A. bursocloacal em cinco (25%) e quatro casos (20%), respectivamente. Foram observadas grandes variações no aporte sanguíneo da bolsa cloacal da linhagem estudada em relação às demais da espécie Gallus gallus domesticus, concluindo-se que estas diferenças podem estar associadas à maior ou menor funcionalidade do órgão, ou mesmo das características morfofuncionais da linhagem empregada. Estatisticamente não foram observadas diferenças em relação às artérias responsáveis pelo suprimento sanguíneo, quando considerado o antímero e o número de ramos arteriais enviados à bolsa cloacal. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe vascularization of the cloacal bursa in fowls from Master Gris Cou Plumé lineage was studied in relation to origin, number and distribution of vessels. After cannulation of the right sciatic artery in 20 specimens of six-week-old, the arterial system was perfused with a 50% aqueous solution of Neoprene Latex "450" colored with red pigment. Subsequently the specimens were fixated in aqueous 10% formaldehyde. Vessels were dissected through two paramedian incisions at the base of the pygostyle. The cloacal bursa showed to be irrigated by the arteries: right bursocloacal, present in 19 specimens (95%) with one to five arterial branches; left bursocloacal, present in all cases (100%) and showing one to five arterial branches; right cloacal, observed in 13 birds (65%) with one to four arterial branches; left cloacal, also present in 13 birds, sending two to three arterial branches; and right and left internal iliac arteries, observed only in a single individual (5%), which sent two arterial branches. As for distribution, it can be stated that the caudal quadrants of both sides of cloacal bursa were the ones that most received arterial branches. The left one received branches from the bursocloacal, cloacal and internal iliac arteries in 19 (95%), 13 (65%) and one (5%) cases, respectively. The right and the left cranial quadrants were irrigated, respectively, by branches of the bursocloacal artery in five cases (25%) and in four cases (20%). Great variations in blood supply of cloacal bursa were observed in the lineage studied in relation to others lineages of the species Gallus gallus domesticus, concluding that these differences may be associated with greater or lesser functionality of this organ, or even the morphofunctional characteristics of the tested lineage. Statistically were not found significant differences in relation to the arteries responsible by blood supply when considered antimere and number of arterial branches sent to the cloacal bursa

Bioproducts from agro-industrial plant residues: opportunities for sustainable reuse / Bioprodutos de resíduos agroindustriais vegetais: oportunidades ao reaproveitamento sustentável

The expansion of agricultural production is increasingly accelerated, as a result of the greater need for food caused by population growth and, consequently, this growth results in the generation of greater amounts of waste. In general, the inspection of public environmental agencies and society demand from agribusinesses actions that increasingly seek the use of new environmental technologies for the destination of production residues, which can drastically reduce the impacts caused to the environment, in addition to add commercials values and increase the profitability of the projects. This study aimed to analyze the potential of the elaboration of bioproducts with agro-industrial residues for agricultural crops and that have the potential application for the Extreme South of Bahia region, Brazil, by conducting a descriptive survey of the generation that occurred in other regions. This systematic review was carried out by searching for scientific articles in the SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science databases, using the keywords "bioproduct" and "waste", in the years 2015 to 2021. The articles reported 93 agro-industrial residues derived from 48 agricultural products that generated more than 200 bioproducts, which demonstrates the potential of the theme for the creation of several bioproducts in the region, mainly with sugarcane residues. Considering the high production of sugarcane and the consequent generation of residues from this cultivation in the Extreme South of Bahia, this study indicates several opportunities for returning these discarded goods to a new productive cycle (Reverse Logistics), which can provide environmental, economic and environmental benefits. for the region

Survey of hearing disorders in an urban population in Rondonia, Northern Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of hearing loss for the population in the urban area. METHODS: A cross-sectional household survey based on the World Health Organization Ear and Hearing Disorders Survey Protocol was conducted in 298 households in the urban area of Monte Negro, Rondonia, Northern Brazil, from 2005 to 2007. Ear examinations, behavioral audiometry and pure tone audiometry were conducted on 577 individuals. RESULTS: The results showed that 3.8% (95%CI 2.17;5.45) of population were classified in the disabling hearing impairment category. The prevalence of moderate hearing impairment was 3.4%; severe impairment was 0.4%; and profound hearing impairment was not found. CONCLUSIONS: The impairing hearing loss prevalence found in this study is within of the international prevalence for this level of hearing loss and smaller than observed in a previous study in the South region of Brazil.OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência de perda auditiva da população urbana. MÉTODOS: Estudo domiciliar transversal em 298 domicílios da área urbana de Monte Negro, RO, de 2005 a 2007. O estudo foi baseado no Protocolo de Pesquisa em Audição e Distúrbios da Audição, da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Exames de orelha, audiometria comportamental e audiometria tonal foram realizados em 577 indivíduos estudados. RESULTADOS: Foram classificados na categoria de deficiência auditiva incapacitante 3,8% (IC95% 2,17;5,45) do total dos indivíduos estudados. A prevalência de deficiência auditiva moderada foi de 3,4%; deficiência auditiva severa foi de 0,4%. Não foi encontrada deficiência auditiva profunda. CONCLUSÕES: O grau de prevalência de perda auditiva incapacitante encontrada no estudo foi equivalente à prevalência internacional para este grau e menor quando comparada ao resultado obtido em estudo anterior na região Sul do Brasil.OBJETIVO: Identificar la prevalencia de pérdida auditiva de la población urbana. MÉTODOS: Estudio domiciliar transversal en 298 domicilios del área urbana de Monte Negro, RO, Brasil, de 2005 a 2007. El estudio se basó en el Protocolo de Investigación en Audición y Disturbios de la Audición, de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se realizaron exámenes de oreja, audiometría conductual y audiometría tonal en 577 de los individuos estudiados. RESULTADOS: Se clasificaron en la categoría de deficiencia auditiva incapacitante, 3,8% (95% IC 2,17;5,45) de los individuos estudiados. La prevalencia de deficiencia auditiva moderada fue de 3,4%; deficiencia auditiva severa fue de 0,4%. No se encontró deficiencia auditiva profunda. CONCLUSIONES: El estudio estableció la prevalencia de 3,8% de pérdida auditiva en la región de Monte Negro

Genome-wide diversity and differentiation in New World populations of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.

BACKGROUND: The Americas were the last continent colonized by humans carrying malaria parasites. Plasmodium falciparum from the New World shows very little genetic diversity and greater linkage disequilibrium, compared with its African counterparts, and is clearly subdivided into local, highly divergent populations. However, limited available data have revealed extensive genetic diversity in American populations of another major human malaria parasite, P. vivax. METHODS: We used an improved sample preparation strategy and next-generation sequencing to characterize 9 high-quality P. vivax genome sequences from northwestern Brazil. These new data were compared with publicly available sequences from recently sampled clinical P. vivax isolates from Brazil (BRA, total n = 11 sequences), Peru (PER, n = 23), Colombia (COL, n = 31), and Mexico (MEX, n = 19). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS/CONCLUSIONS: We found that New World populations of P. vivax are as diverse (nucleotide diversity π between 5.2 × 10-4 and 6.2 × 10-4) as P. vivax populations from Southeast Asia, where malaria transmission is substantially more intense. They display several non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions (some of them previously undescribed) in genes known or suspected to be involved in antimalarial drug resistance, such as dhfr, dhps, mdr1, mrp1, and mrp-2, but not in the chloroquine resistance transporter ortholog (crt-o) gene. Moreover, P. vivax in the Americas is much less geographically substructured than local P. falciparum populations, with relatively little between-population genome-wide differentiation (pairwise FST values ranging between 0.025 and 0.092). Finally, P. vivax populations show a rapid decline in linkage disequilibrium with increasing distance between pairs of polymorphic sites, consistent with very frequent outcrossing. We hypothesize that the high diversity of present-day P. vivax lineages in the Americas originated from successive migratory waves and subsequent admixture between parasite lineages from geographically diverse sites. Further genome-wide analyses are required to test the demographic scenario suggested by our data

Dissecting central post-stroke pain:a controlled symptom-psychophysical characterization

Central post-stroke pain affects up to 12% of stroke survivors and is notoriously refractory to treatment. However, stroke patients often suffer from other types of pain of non-neuropathic nature (musculoskeletal, inflammatory, complex regional) and no head-to-head comparison of their respective clinical and somatosensory profiles has been performed so far. We compared 39 patients with definite central neuropathic post-stroke pain with two matched control groups: 32 patients with exclusively non-neuropathic pain developed after stroke and 31 stroke patients not complaining of pain. Patients underwent deep phenotyping via a comprehensive assessment including clinical exam, questionnaires and quantitative sensory testing to dissect central post-stroke pain from chronic pain in general and stroke. While central post-stroke pain was mostly located in the face and limbs, non-neuropathic pain was predominantly axial and located in neck, shoulders and knees (P < 0.05). Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory clusters burning (82.1%, n = 32, P < 0.001), tingling (66.7%, n = 26, P < 0.001) and evoked by cold (64.1%, n = 25, P < 0.001) occurred more frequently in central post-stroke pain. Hyperpathia, thermal and mechanical allodynia also occurred more commonly in this group (P < 0.001), which also presented higher levels of deafferentation (P < 0.012) with more asymmetric cold and warm detection thresholds compared with controls. In particular, cold hypoesthesia (considered when the threshold of the affected side was <41% of the contralateral threshold) odds ratio (OR) was 12 (95% CI: 3.8–41.6) for neuropathic pain. Additionally, cold detection threshold/warm detection threshold ratio correlated with the presence of neuropathic pain (ρ = −0.4, P < 0.001). Correlations were found between specific neuropathic pain symptom clusters and quantitative sensory testing: paroxysmal pain with cold (ρ = −0.4; P = 0.008) and heat pain thresholds (ρ = 0.5; P = 0.003), burning pain with mechanical detection (ρ = −0.4; P = 0.015) and mechanical pain thresholds (ρ = −0.4, P < 0.013), evoked pain with mechanical pain threshold (ρ = −0.3; P = 0.047). Logistic regression showed that the combination of cold hypoesthesia on quantitative sensory testing, the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory, and the allodynia intensity on bedside examination explained 77% of the occurrence of neuropathic pain. These findings provide insights into the clinical-psychophysics relationships in central post-stroke pain and may assist more precise distinction of neuropathic from non-neuropathic post-stroke pain in clinical practice and in future trials

Effect of Irrigation Depths and Salinity Levels on the Growth and Production of Forage Palm Orelha de Elefante Mexicana

Although the adaptation of forage palm to the Brazilian semi-arid, it may be influenced by soil and climatic conditions of this region, irregular rainy periods, high annual evapotranspiration and soils with a low water retention capacity. These factors may reduce crop production during dry seasons, including forage. The present research aimed at analyzing the effect of irrigation with different water depths and levels of salinity on Orelha de Elefante Mexicana cultivar. The study was carried out in pots in the Federal University of Campina Grande, from September 2017 to December 2018. Experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme 4 x 4, with 4 replications. Four irrigation water depths were applied (25, 50, 75, and 100%), as a function of water retention capacity of soil and four levels of electrical conductivity: 0.60; 3.00; 5.40 and 7.80 dS m−1. Morphometric and production variables were evaluated. Plant growth was not affected by irrigation water depth and levels of salinity, except the thickness of secondary cladode. Primary cladodes showed the greatest average values (4.03 cladodes) for 376.00 mm depth. The other variables evaluated did not present significant effects under treatments. Saline water did not affect the total production of the cultivar