Size and weight reduction in Holothuria scabra processed as beche-de-mer

Growing demand for beche-de-mer in the marine export market has naturally led to considerable debate among fishery biologists in our country on the problem of irrational exploitation of the natural stock. Along the Tamil Nadu coast Holothuria scabra is fished for beche-de-mer preparation. Studies on the size at first maturity indicated that the spawning size is 201-230 mm and this size group after processing attains a reduced size of 73-80 mm. Revival of the natural stock can take place and this would help in encountering specimens beyond the size of 75 mm in length. More studies are required on the biology of Holothurians to determine precisely the period of maturity and spawning in different species in a year and it is advisable to observe a 'closed season' each year to conserve the holothurian resources

On Weakly Symmetric and Weakly Conformally Symmetric Spaces Admitting Veblen Identities

In the present paper some properties involving curvature tensor,conformal curvature tensor, Ricci tensor and scalar curvature, on weakly symmetric, weakly conformally symmetric and pseudo symmetric spaces are obtained

TRAIL-induced variation of cell signaling states provides nonheritable resistance to apoptosis.

TNFα-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), specifically initiates programmed cell death, but often fails to eradicate all cells, making it an ineffective therapy for cancer. This fractional killing is linked to cellular variation that bulk assays cannot capture. Here, we quantify the diversity in cellular signaling responses to TRAIL, linking it to apoptotic frequency across numerous cell systems with single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF). Although all cells respond to TRAIL, a variable fraction persists without apoptotic progression. This cell-specific behavior is nonheritable where both the TRAIL-induced signaling responses and frequency of apoptotic resistance remain unaffected by prior exposure. The diversity of signaling states upon exposure is correlated to TRAIL resistance. Concomitantly, constricting the variation in signaling response with kinase inhibitors proportionally decreases TRAIL resistance. Simultaneously, TRAIL-induced de novo translation in resistant cells, when blocked by cycloheximide, abrogated all TRAIL resistance. This work highlights how cell signaling diversity, and subsequent translation response, relates to nonheritable fractional escape from TRAIL-induced apoptosis. This refined view of TRAIL resistance provides new avenues to study death ligands in general

Arabidopsis GLAUCE promotes fertilization-independent endosperm development and expression of paternally inherited alleles

Early seed development of sexually reproducing plants requires both maternal and paternal genomes but is prominently maternally influenced. A novel gametophytic maternal-effect mutant defective in early embryo and endosperm development, glauce ( glc), has been isolated from a population of Arabidopsis Ds transposon insertion lines. The glc mutation results from a deletion at the Ds insertion site, and the molecular identity of GLC is not known. glc embryos can develop up to the globular stage in the absence of endosperm and glc central cells appear to be unfertilized. glc suppresses autonomous endosperm development observed in the fertilization-independent seed ( fis) class mutants. glc is also epistatic to mea, one of the fis class mutants, in fertilized seeds, and is essential for the biparental embryonic expression of PHE1, a repressed downstream target of MEA. In addition, maternal GLC function is required for the paternal embryonic expression of the ribosome protein gene RPS5a and the AMP deaminase gene FAC1, both of which are essential for early embryo and endosperm development. These results indicate that factors derived from the female gametophyte activate a subset of the paternal genome of fertilized seeds

Performance and Emission Characteristics Of CI Engine Using Waste Cooking Oil As An Alternate Fuel

In presence scenario,thegreatest potential represent as biodiesel production. The major drawbacks of the petroleum diesel, producing emission pollutants from the diesel engines to the environment. To avoid such problem, concentrating on alternate fuel. It plays an important role for the non-disturbance of the atmosphere. Waste cooking oil (WCO) was used to produce biodiesel fuel in order to reduce wastes polluting the environment. This paper deals on impact of biodiesel performance and emission characteristics of CI engine. But the larger viscosity of any waste cooking oil (WCO) is found major problem in use of an engine directly. The properties of fuel such as calorific value, flash point and cetane number of the biodiesel were to be analysed. The performance and emission tests were carried out by B25, B50, B75 and B100 blends of waste cooking palm oil at different loads and such results were compared with petroleum diesel at 200 bar and 230btdc and 210bar and 230btdc. This Performance results reveal that the biodiesel gives higher brake thermal efficiency and lower brake-specific fuel consumption with the different blendingrsquos. Emission results showed that in most cases, NOx is increased, and HC, CO, and PM emissions are decreased. Through this experimental test which type of blending was found the best suitable for engine. In this paper, various blends of waste cooking palm oil and varying the injection parameters such as injection timing, crank angle to increase the performance of an engine and mutually reduces the emissions without any modification of diesel engine

LACHESIS restricts gametic cell fate in the female gametophyte of Arabidopsis

In flowering plants, the egg and sperm cells form within haploid gametophytes. The female gametophyte of Arabidopsis consists of two gametic cells, the egg cell and the central cell, which are flanked by five accessory cells. Both gametic and accessory cells are vital for fertilization; however, the mechanisms that underlie the formation of accessory versus gametic cell fate are unknown. In a screen for regulators of egg cell fate, we isolated the lachesis (lis) mutant which forms supernumerary egg cells. In lis mutants, accessory cells differentiate gametic cell fate, indicating that LIS is involved in a mechanism that prevents accessory cells from adopting gametic cell fate. The temporal and spatial pattern of LIS expression suggests that this mechanism is generated in gametic cells. LIS is homologous to the yeast splicing factor PRP4, indicating that components of the splice apparatus participate in cell fate decisions

S6K1 regulates hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and leukemia maintenance.

Hyperactivation of the mTOR pathway impairs hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions and promotes leukemogenesis. mTORC1 and mTORC2 differentially control normal and leukemic stem cell functions. mTORC1 regulates p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E–binding (eIF4E-binding) protein 1 (4E-BP1), and mTORC2 modulates AKT activation. Given the extensive crosstalk that occurs between mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling pathways, we assessed the role of the mTORC1 substrate S6K1 in the regulation of both normal HSC functions and in leukemogenesis driven by the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion oncogene MLL-AF9. We demonstrated that S6K1 deficiency impairs self-renewal of murine HSCs by reducing p21 expression. Loss of S6K1 also improved survival in mice transplanted with MLL-AF9–positive leukemic stem cells by modulating AKT an