Теоретический анализ дифракции гауссова пучка на ступенчатой фазовой структуре (СФС)

The paper analyzes the interaction of a Gaussian beam with a phase step structure (PSS). The shape of the spatial spectrum at the output of such a scheme is examined. The most detailed description was done for the case when the size of the PSS phase difference is 180 degrees. The effects that occur at the displacement of SPS in the plane perpendicular to the direction of incidence of the laser beam were considered. Discussions for the possible practical application of the scheme were carried out.В работе проведён анализ взаимодействия гауссова пучка со ступенчатой фазовой структурой (СФС). Исследована форма пространственного спектра на выходе такой схемы. Наиболее детально описан частный случай, когда величина фазового перепада СФС составляет 180 градусов. Исследованы эффекты, которые имеют место при смещении СФС в плоскости, перпендикулярной направлению падения лазерного излучения. Обсуждаются возможные практические применения схемы

A proteomic atlas of senescence-associated secretomes for aging biomarker development.

The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has recently emerged as a driver of and promising therapeutic target for multiple age-related conditions, ranging from neurodegeneration to cancer. The complexity of the SASP, typically assessed by a few dozen secreted proteins, has been greatly underestimated, and a small set of factors cannot explain the diverse phenotypes it produces in vivo. Here, we present the "SASP Atlas," a comprehensive proteomic database of soluble proteins and exosomal cargo SASP factors originating from multiple senescence inducers and cell types. Each profile consists of hundreds of largely distinct proteins but also includes a subset of proteins elevated in all SASPs. Our analyses identify several candidate biomarkers of cellular senescence that overlap with aging markers in human plasma, including Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), stanniocalcin 1 (STC1), and serine protease inhibitors (SERPINs), which significantly correlated with age in plasma from a human cohort, the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Our findings will facilitate the identification of proteins characteristic of senescence-associated phenotypes and catalog potential senescence biomarkers to assess the burden, originating stimulus, and tissue of origin of senescent cells in vivo

Surgical treatment of the adhesive interstinal obstruction in children

Introduction. Adhesive intestinal obstruction (AIO) is one of the most difficult and unsolved problems of the abdominal surgery in children. Aim of the study. To explore the possibility of using hyaluronic acid solution for the treatment of intraperitoneally adhesions in children. Methods. 84 children were operated on AIO. The children were divided into two groups. HAS was not used in I group (56 patients). HAS was used in II group (28 patients). The follow-up of children from 1 to 4 years. From 84 patients on AIO: 21 (25 %) operated on for early adhesive intestinal obstruction, 63 (75 %) – on late adhesive intestinal obstruction. Recurrent AIO was in 12 (14,29 %) children. Results. In the I group (56 children) in the first year after surgery with adhesion syndrome turned 13 (23,21 %) children, up to 4 years - 20 (35,71 %) patients. In the II group (28 children) adhesion syndrome (cured conservatively) over 3 years postoperative period turned 2 (7,14 %) patients, indicating the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid solution for the purpose for treatment of the adhesions abdominal cavity in children. Conclusion. The hyaluronic acid solution is effective in the treatment of adhesive intestinal obstruction in children and is accompanied by a recurrence of the adhesion syndrome 7,14 % (n=28 children) on the difference in the group without using it – 35,71 % (n=56 children)

Исследование оптоэлектронного датчика угловых смещений на основе глубокой отражательной фазовой дифракционной решётки

An optoelectronic device for measurements of small angular displacements based on a diffraction of a laser beam on a deep reflective phasetype grating was suggested and investigated. The grating's depth is about several wavelengths. The zero diffraction order's power dependency on the incident angle of a laser beam was investigated theoretically and experimentally. There were found conditions when linear conversion of angular vibrations into changes of power of zero order took place. The experimentally measured sensitivity of the device was rad with channel bandwidth of 800 Hz and signal-to-noise ratio 10.Предложен и исследован оптоэлектронный датчик малых угловых перемещений на основе дифракции лазерного пучка на глубокой отражательной фазовой дифракционной решётке. Проведён теоретический анализ и экспериментальные исследования характеристик датчика

Algorithmic assessment of cellular senescence in experimental and clinical specimens

The development of genetic tools allowed for the validation of the pro-aging and pro-disease functions of senescent cells in vivo. These discoveries prompted the development of senotherapies—pharmaceutical interventions aimed at interfering with the detrimental effect of senescent cells—that are now entering the clinical stage. However, unequivocal identification and examination of cellular senescence remains highly difficult because of the lack of universal and specific markers. Here, to overcome the limitation of measuring individual markers, we describe a detailed two-phase algorithmic assessment to quantify various senescence-associated parameters in the same specimen. In the first phase, we combine the measurement of lysosomal and proliferative features with the expression of general senescence-associated genes to validate the presence of senescent cells. In the second phase we measure the levels of pro-inflammatory markers for specification of the type of senescence. The protocol can help graduate-level basic scientists to improve the characterization of senescence-associated phenotypes and the identification of specific senescent subtypes. Moreover, it can serve as an important tool for the clinical validation of the role of senescent cells and the effectiveness of anti-senescence therapies

SILAC Analysis Reveals Increased Secretion of Hemostasis-Related Factors by Senescent Cells

Cellular senescence irreversibly arrests cell proliferation, accompanied by a multi-component senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that participates in several age-related diseases. Using stable isotope labeling with amino acids (SILACs) and cultured cells, we identify 343 SASP proteins that senescent human fibroblasts secrete at 2-fold or higher levels compared with quiescent cell counterparts. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that 44 of these proteins participate in hemostasis, a process not previously linked with cellular senescence. We validated the expression of some of these SASP factors in cultured cells and in vivo. Mice treated with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, which induces widespread cellular senescence in vivo, show increased blood clotting. Conversely, selective removal of senescent cells using transgenic p16-3MR mice showed that clearing senescent cells attenuates the increased clotting caused by doxorubicin. Our study provides an in-depth, unbiased analysis of the SASP and unveils a function for cellular senescence in hemostasis

Оптимізація хірургічного лікування спайкової хвороби у дітей

Adhesive disease is a term used to describe conditions associated with the formation of an adhesive process in the abdominal cavity as a result of a number of reasons, the main of which is mechanical damage to the parietal and visceral peritoneum and it is characterized by varying degrees of pain and frequent adhesions.Спайкова хвороба – термін, який використовується для опису станів, пов’язаних з утворенням адгезивного процесу в черевній порожнині в результаті ряду причин, основною з яких є механічне ушкодження парієтальної та вісцеральної очеревини, і характеризується різним ступенем вираженості больового синдрому та частими виникненнями спайкової кишкової непрохідності

Composition and Acidification of the Culture Medium Influences Chronological Aging Similarly in Vineyard and Laboratory Yeast

Chronological aging has been studied extensively in laboratory yeast by culturing cells into stationary phase in synthetic complete medium with 2% glucose as the carbon source. During this process, acidification of the culture medium occurs due to secretion of organic acids, including acetic acid, which limits survival of yeast cells. Dietary restriction or buffering the medium to pH 6 prevents acidification and increases chronological life span. Here we set out to determine whether these effects are specific to laboratory-derived yeast by testing the chronological aging properties of the vineyard yeast strain RM11. Similar to the laboratory strain BY4743 and its haploid derivatives, RM11 and its haploid derivatives displayed increased chronological life span from dietary restriction, buffering the pH of the culture medium, or aging in rich medium. RM11 and BY4743 also displayed generally similar aging and growth characteristics when cultured in a variety of different carbon sources. These data support the idea that mechanisms of chronological aging are similar in both the laboratory and vineyard strains