Economic Impact of the Ministry of Defence's Budget: Methodological Design and Results for the Spanish Economy

This article analyses the economic impact of the expenditure budget of the Spanish Ministry of Defence (MoD) and its Autonomous Agencies (AA), distinguishing direct, indirect and induced effects. The input-output methodology is used to find intersectoral effects on the rest of the economy. The article quantifies the economic impact in terms of production, gross value added (GVA), employed population, tax revenue, and also in terms of its contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) of Spain in 2010. The results show that the activity of the MoD and AA generates 1.2% of the country's GDP and 1.7% of total employment in that year

Directory of PCPS Member Firms, October 1, 1991

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_assoc/1597/thumbnail.jp

1987 Warbler

The 1987 Warbler, yearbook of Eastern Illinois Universityhttps://thekeep.eiu.edu/warbler/1065/thumbnail.jp

Conception et développement de nouveaux ligands des transporteurs ABCG2 et MRP1 dans le cadre de la résistance à de multiples drogues anticancéreuses.

Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents (Multidrug Resistance or MDR) is a major hurdle for anticancer chemotherapy. Among different mechanisms involved in MDR, the overexpression of membrane proteins belonging to ABC family is the most relevant one. Among such proteins, ABCG2 and MRP1 are considered to play an important role. These transporters are able to induce a massive efflux of anticancer agents out of the cancer cells, reducing their intracellular concentration and their therapeutic potency. In order to overcome this resistance, novel modulators of ABCG2 and MRP1 were designed, synthetized and tested biologically. In this context, new derivatives of chromones as inhibitors of ABCG2 were developed in order to restore sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, molecular modelling of new pharmacophores allowed us to gather new data exploring ABCG2-ligand interactions. New modulators of MRP1, derivatives of flavonoids, are able to induce a massive efflux of intracellular glutathione that is mediated by the protein, without being transported and causing selective apoptosis of cancer cells overexpressing MRP1.La résistance à de multiples drogues anticancéreuses (Multidrug Resistance ou MDR) est actuellement un problème majeur dans le cas de nombreuses chimiothérapies. Parmi les mécanismes à l'origine de la MDR, la surexpression de protéines membranaires de type ABC est le plus étudié. Les deux protéines ABCG2 et MRP1 sont parmi les protéines membranaires impliquées. Ces transporteurs sont capables d'induire un efflux massif des agents anticancéreux hors des cellules cancéreuses, réduisant ainsi leur concentration intracellulaire et donc leur efficacité thérapeutique. Afin de contrecarrer cette chimiorésistance, notre objectif s'est concentré sur le développement de nouveaux modulateurs d'ABCG2 et de MRP1. Dans ce cadre, de nouveaux inhibiteurs d'ABCG2, dérivés de chromones, ont été conçus afin de restaurer la sensibilité des cellules cancéreuses aux agents anticancéreux. De plus, la modélisation de modèles pharmacophores nous a permis d'obtenir de nouvelles informations quant aux interactions ABCG2-ligands. Les nouveaux modulateurs de MRP1, dérivés de flavonoïdes, sont capables quant à eux d'induire un efflux massif de glutathion cellulaire via MRP1, sans être transportés eux même, entraînant l'apoptose sélective des cellules cancéreuses surexprimant le transporteur

Accounting Firms & Practitioners 1985

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_guides/1942/thumbnail.jp

Computational study of T cell repolarization during target elimination

T Cells are one of the most important players of the immune system. They are responsible for the elimination of the pathogen-infected or tumorigenic cells (target cells). When a target cell is recognized, the T Cell establishes a contact zone called the immunological synapse (IS). Subsequently, the cytoskeleton rotates and the MTOC relocates to the IS. The cytoskeleton rotation is correlated with a movement of organelles attached to microtubules (MT). The MTOC repositioning results from an interplay between MTs and dyneins in the IS pulling MTs via two mechanisms: cortical sliding and capture-shrinkage. Since many aspects of the process remain unknown, we designed a theoretical model for the molecular-motor-driven motion of the MT cytoskeleton in the cell with one or two IS. The model offers explanations of several experimental results including the biphasic nature of the MTOC movement. We also compared the two mechanisms in different cell configurations and found that the T Cell performs one of the most important immune reactions with stunning efficiency by the advantageous placement of dyneins and by employing two mechanisms acting in synergy. We also analyzed Ca2+ diffusion in the T Cell following the MTOC repositioning. We provided the evidence that mitochondria relocate towards the IS with the MTOC and their placement together with their ability of absorption and redistribution significantly increase the Ca2+ concentration.T Zellen sind einer der wichtigsten Spieler des Immunsystems. Sie sind verantwortlich für die Beseitigung von infizierten-oder tumorösen Zellen (Zielzellen). Wenn eine Zielzelle erkannt ist, schafft die T-Zelle eine Immunologische Synapse (IS) genannte Kontaktzone. Dann rotiert das Zytoskelett und das MTOC zieht zur IS. Die Rotation ist mit einer Bewegung von an Mikrotubuli (MT) angehefteten Organellen korreliert. Die MOTC Umpositionierung ergibt sich aus dem Zusammenspiel zwischen MT und Dyneinen in der IS wobei MTs über zwei Mechanismen gezogen werden: ”cortical slidingünd ”captureshrinkage”. Da viele Aspekte des Prozesses unbekannt bleiben entwarfen wir ein theoretisches Modell für die durch molekulare Dyneinen Bewegung des MT Zytoskeletts in der Zelle mit einer oder zwei IS. Das Modell bietet Erklärungen mehrerer experimenteller Ergebnisse einschließlich der biphasischen Natur der MTOC Bewebung. Ebenso verglichen wir die beiden Mechanismen unter verschiedenen Konfigurationen und fanden, dass die T-Zelle eine der wichtigsten Immunreaktionen durch nutzbar Anordnung von Dyneinen und Einsatzes zweier in Synergie arbeitenden Mechanismen mit erstaunlicher Effizienz durchführt. Wir analysierten auch folgenden Ca2+ Diffusion in der T-Zelle. Wir liefern den Nachweis, dass Mitochondrien mit das MTOC zu der IS ziehen und ihre Plazierung, zusammen mit der Fähigkeit der Absorption und Umverteilung, die global Ca2+ Konzentration signifikant steiger