Determination of Head Kinematics from Impact Acceleration Test Data Using Neural Networks

This paper presents a study of feed-forward neural network (NN) systems developed to determine the head kinematics of subjects who are exposed to impact accelerations. The neural networks process accelerometer data collected during short-duration impact acceleration tests conducted at the National Biodynamcis Laboratory of the University of New Orleans. During an impact acceleration experiment, the subject sits on the sled chair and a piston gives impetus to the sled to travel down a track. Head data is gathered by an array of nine accelerometers. Two more accelerometers are mounted on the sled. The neural processing systems produce the history of the rotational and translational position, velocity, and acceleration of the origin of the accelerometer array mounted on the mouth. Output produced by a least squares algorithm that uses both photographic and accelerometer raw data are used as a baseline and to provide training data for the neural networks. The main disadvantages of the NNs are their speed, and that statistical information and accurate modeling of the testing system are not required. Results show that the neural networks provide accurate information about the kinematics of the subject even when no photographic data are used

Determination of Head Kinematics from Impact Acceleration Test Data Using Neural Networks

This paper presents a study of feed-forward neural network (NN) systems developed to determine the head kinematics of subjects who are exposed to impact accelerations. The neural networks process accelerometer data collected during short-duration impact acceleration tests conducted at the National Biodynamcis Laboratory of the University of New Orleans. During an impact acceleration experiment, the subject sits on the sled chair and a piston gives impetus to the sled to travel down a track. Head data is gathered by an array of nine accelerometers. Two more accelerometers are mounted on the sled. The neural processing systems produce the history of the rotational and translational position, velocity, and acceleration of the origin of the accelerometer array mounted on the mouth. Output produced by a least squares algorithm that uses both photographic and accelerometer raw data are used as a baseline and to provide training data for the neural networks. The main disadvantages of the NNs are their speed, and that statistical information and accurate modeling of the testing system are not required. Results show that the neural networks provide accurate information about the kinematics of the subject even when no photographic data are used

Comparison on thrust characteristic of linear oscillatory actuators

This paper is aimed to analyze the thrust characteristics for two types of Linear Oscillatory Actuator using 3D-Finite Element Method (FEM). The coil currents are analyzed according to the variation displacement of moving yoke of the first one of the LOA. The thrust, normal force and cogging force are analyzed according to the variation of the airgap length, thickness taper and high taper of second LOA. The size of both model of LOA is same but comparison refers to the characteristic of voltage, coil current, number of winding and force. The result of this project can be see from the graph of characteristic both model. Finally, the best characteristics of LOA can be constructed from the result

Evaluation of free radical scavenging and anti-lipoxygenase activity in various fractions of ayurvedic polyherbal decoction, Punarnavadi kashayam

651-659Punarnavadi kashayam (PK), a classical ayurvedic polyherbal decoction prescribed for abating various inflammatory conditions, was analysed for its total phytochemical content, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activity in order to validate its traditional usage. PK was sequentially fractionated using solvents of different polarity and the preliminary phytochemical screenings were performed. Free radical scavenging activity was determined using various biochemical assays while the anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by determining the anti-lipoxygenase activity using FOX assay. Ethyl acetate fraction showed better free radical scavenging activity as compared to the corresponding positive controls. The same fraction exhibited the better IC50 for 5- and 12-lipoxygenase inhibition assay than the positive control, showing its anti-inflammatory property. The phytochemical analysis revealed a higher content of phytochemicals in ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and methanol fractions which displayed the correlation between phenolic content and the bioactivity. Overall, PK can effectively scavenge free radicals and inhibit lipoxygenase enzymes, thereby decreasing the production of free radicals and pro-inflammatory leukotrienes

Evaluation of free radical scavenging and anti-lipoxygenase activity in various fractions of ayurvedic polyherbal decoction, Punarnavadi kashayam

Punarnavadi kashayam (PK), a classical ayurvedic polyherbal decoction prescribed for abating various inflammatory conditions, was analysed for its total phytochemical content, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activity in order to validate its traditional usage. PK was sequentially fractionated using solvents of different polarity and the preliminary phytochemical screenings were performed. Free radical scavenging activity was determined using various biochemical assays while the anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by determining the anti-lipoxygenase activity using FOX assay. Ethyl acetate fraction showed better free radical scavenging activity as compared to the corresponding positive controls. The same fraction exhibited the better IC50 for 5- and 12-lipoxygenase inhibition assay than the positive control, showing its anti-inflammatory property. The phytochemical analysis revealed a higher content of phytochemicals in ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and methanol fractions which displayed the correlation between phenolic content and the bioactivity. Overall, PK can effectively scavenge free radicals and inhibit lipoxygenase enzymes, thereby decreasing the production of free radicals and pro-inflammatory leukotrienes

A putative biomarker signature for clinically effective AKT inhibition: correlation of in vitro, in vivo and clinical data identifies the importance of modulation of the mTORC1 pathway

Our identification of dysregulation of the AKT pathway in ovarian cancer as a platinum resistance specific event led to a comprehensive analysis of in vitro, in vivo and clinical behaviour of the AKT inhibitor GSK2141795. Proteomic biomarker signatures correlating with effects of GSK2141795 were developed using in vitro and in vivo models, well characterised for related molecular, phenotypic and imaging endpoints. Signatures were validated in temporally paired biopsies from patients treated with GSK2141795 in a clinical study. GSK2141795 caused growth-arrest as single agent in vitro, enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis in vitro and reduced tumour volume in combination with platinum in vivo. GSK2141795 treatment in vitro and in vivo resulted in ~50-90% decrease in phospho-PRAS40 and 20-80% decrease in fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. Proteomic analysis of GSK2141795 in vitro and in vivo identified a signature of pathway inhibition including changes in AKT and p38 phosphorylation and total Bim, IGF1R, AR and YB1 levels. In patient biopsies, prior to treatment with GSK2141795 in a phase 1 clinical trial, this signature was predictive of post-treatment changes in the response marker CA125. Development of this signature represents an opportunity to demonstrate the clinical importance of AKT inhibition for re-sensitisation of platinum resistant ovarian cancer to platinum

Genomic analysis of family data reveals additional genetic effects on intelligence and personality

BioRXiv version. Please see https://rubenarslan.github.io/generation_scotland_pedigree_gcta/ to access this website in a browsable form

Brugia malayi Antigen (BmA) inhibits HIV-1 trans-infection but neither BmA nor ES-62 alter HIV-1 infectivity of DC induced CD4+ Th-cells

One of the hallmarks of HIV-1 disease is the association of heightened CD4+ T-cell activation with HIV-1 replication. Parasitic helminths including filarial nematodes have evolved numerous and complex mechanisms to skew, dampen and evade human immune responses suggesting that HIV-1 infection may be modulated in co-infected individuals. Here we studied the effects of two filarial nematode products, adult worm antigen from Brugia malayi (BmA) and excretory-secretory product 62 (ES-62) from Acanthocheilonema viteae on HIV-1 infection in vitro. Neither BmA nor ES-62 influenced HIV-1 replication in CD4+ enriched T-cells, with either a CCR5- or CXCR4-using virus. BmA, but not ES-62, had the capacity to bind the C-type lectin dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) thereby inhibiting HIV-1 trans-infection of CD4+ enriched T-cells. As for their effect on DCs, neither BmA nor ES-62 could enhance or inhibit DC maturation as determined by CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR expression, or the production of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-α. As expected, due to the unaltered DC phenotype, no differences were found in CD4+ T helper (Th) cell phenotypes induced by DCs treated with either BmA or ES-62. Moreover, the HIV-1 susceptibility of the Th-cell populations induced by BmA or ES-62 exposed DCs was unaffected for both CCR5- and CXCR4-using HIV-1 viruses. In conclusion, although BmA has the potential capacity to interfere with HIV-1 transmission or initial viral dissemination through preventing the virus from interacting with DCs, no differences in the Th-cell polarizing capacity of DCs exposed to BmA or ES-62 were observed. Neither antigenic source demonstrated beneficial or detrimental effects on the HIV-1 susceptibility of CD4+ Th-cells induced by exposed DCs