Constructing a Multilingual E-Learning Ontology through Web Crawling and Scraping

The emergence of digital technologies has transformed the landscape of education, driving the exploration of innovative methods to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of university e- learning. This study focuses on leveraging network management principles in combination with web crawling trends to propose a novel approach: a web crawling and scraping-driven method for constructing a multilingual ontology tailored specifically for university e-learning. The primary goal of this research is to create a comprehensive and continuously updated knowledge repository by systematically gathering and extracting information from a wide range of online sources. By incorporating multilingual capabilities into the proposed ontology, the aim is to transcend language barriers and establish a globally accessible and inclusive e-learning environment. This approach recognizes the intricate relationship between technology and education, highlighting the potential of automated data retrieval and ontology construction in reshaping the future of university e-learning. This research contributes significantly to the rapidly growing field of educational technology by introducing a forward-thinking paradigm. It empowers both educators and learners with a versatile and personalized learning experience that transcends cultural and linguistic boundaries. As the digital era continues to evolve, this approach serves as a beacon of innovation, exemplifying the transformative power of integrating cutting-edge technology with pedagogical efforts. In essence, this study presents a groundbreaking approach to enhance university e- learning by harnessing the capabilities of web crawling, scraping, and multilingual ontology construction. It emphasizes the importance of adapting to the ever-evolving digital landscape to provide an inclusive and accessible education experience for learners worldwide. Ultimately, this research represents a significant step forward in the ongoing effort to revolutionize education through the integration of advanced technology and pedagogical innovation

Use of the RS-ATL8 NFAT reporter system for diagnosis of hydatid disease

Despite major advances in the diagnosis of infections for many pathogenic organisms, there is still a problem obtaining an accurate immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infection due to its serological cross-reactivity with other species of taeniid cestodes or at higher taxonomic levels. For this reason, there are ongoing efforts to develop a better method for diagnosis of echinococcosis, especially when the parasite has a crucial role in hypersensitivity reactions. Like other helminthic infections, one of the immunological hallmarks is an elevated serum concentration of parasite-specific IgE. Our aim was to assess the use of IgE reporter system as a possible new method for diagnosis Echinococcus spp infection, using RS-ATL8 NFAT Reporter System, which is a humanised rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL) cell line that can be used to detect the presence of specific human IgE directed against Echinococcus allergens and cross-link their receptors, depending on luciferase generation as an indication of presence of parasite-specific IgE, pointing to infection. Towards this goal, we first optimised the use of the humanised RS-ATL8 Reporter System. This was achieved by optimisation of experimental conditions, such as cell density, stimulation time, optimum conditions for sensitising factors and stimulant optimum concentration. Once a robust standard operating procedure had been elaborated, the second goal was to choose a few Echinococcus antigens for the investigation into their immunogenic properties and potential diagnostic value and to express them recombinantly for testing through the RS-ATL8 NFAT Reporter System. The chosen antigens were EF1-alpha, EgAg5, AgB2, Cyclophilin, Eg19, EgTeg, and EgTPx

Characterization of Five Microsatellite Markers For Genetic Diversity Structure Analysis of Walnut (Juglans Regia L) in Five Village in Duhok Province

Five microsatellites markers (WGA202, WGA009, WGA332, WGA225 and WGA069) were used to characterize Persian walnuts (Juglans regia L.) populations in five villages (Sharanesh, Bedohe, Kanizarke (Akre), Kashane and Kuzo) of Duhok province. The microsatellites amplified (PCR products) a total of 186 alleles across all populations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 alleles in Sharanesh and Kashane populations to 10 alleles also in Sharanesh and Kashane populations, with an average of 7.4. The molecular sizes of the amplified bands ranged from 158 bp to 289 bp in all populations. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) within populations ranged from 0.59 at WGA225 to 0.65 in the locus WGA202 with an average of 0.61. The PIC value (0.88)  indicated that all markers were highly informative and useful for genetic diversity studies in these populations. The proportion of genetic variation presented among populations accounted for 8.4% of the total genetic diversity so it indicated a moderate level of genetic diversity between populations. The Fis average 0.24 indicated that, there was a regular tendency toward heterozygote deficiency and indicated the presence of inbreeding within the populations. The phylogenetic analysis or unrooted neighbor-joining tree highlighted the genetic distance among those five populations and separated them into two main groups placing each population according to its genetic background. The first group consists of populations Bedohe and Sharanesh in one subgroup and Kashane in second subgroup. The second group consists of populations Akre and Kuzo

Effect of Foliar Application of GA3 and Zinc on Growth, Yield and Quality of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) Tioga cv.

This investigation was carried out during growing season (2015 – 2016) on Strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch) Tioga cv.  Planted in the farm of college of Agriculture, university of Duhok, Kurdistan regions / Iraq to study the effect of GA3 with concentration (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg.L-1), and Zinc with concentration (0, 2 and 4 g.L-1), on growth, yield and quality ofstrawberry plant. According to the obtained results the GA3 and Zinc spraying especially at (300 mg.L-1 and 4g.L-1) respectively caused to improve most of the studied parameters, except of total acidity, decreased with increasing GA3 and Zinc concentrations. The interaction between GA3 and Zinc at high concentration resulted in the maximum values of leaf area (30.81cm), leaf chlorophyll content (42.53 SPAD), number of fruit per plant (21.07), yield (269.63g.plant-1), Total soluble solids (8.00 %) and anthocyanin (25.43 mg.100-1 g F. Wt).

COMBINED EFFECT OF FLUSHING AND HORMONAL TREATMENT ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL GOAT.

This study was aimed to investigate the combined effect of flushing and hormonal treatment on reproductive aspects of local goats, 60 adult does were divided equally into two groups, the first was fed concentrate plus grazing commencing 3 weeks prior to mating and continue for 4 weeks post mating (flushed) F, whereas the 2nd group was raised on pasture only (P). All does were synchronized using impregnated with 40 mg medroxy acetate for 14 days. Following sponges withdrawn, the flushed and non- flushed does were then sub-divided in to four equal groups, the 1st flushed does were injected with 250 i.u hCG (T1), the 2nd only flushed (T2), the 3rd was only injected with hCG (T3) and the 4th was the control (T4). Results revealed that estrus response was significantly higher in T1 (100%), followed by T3 and T4 (86.66%) and T2 (80%). Fertility rate was significantly (P˂0.01) higher in T1 (80%) followed by T3 (73.33%), T4 (66.66%) and T2 (60.0%). Highest kidding rate (120.0%) and litter size (1.50) was noticed in T1, while the lowest kidding rate (86.66%) were found in T2 and T4. Insulin level was significantly higher in flushed does (6.04) compared to non-flushed does (2.81 uIU/ML)

Use of humanised rat basophilic leukaemia cell line RS-ATL8 for the assessment of allergenicity of Schistosoma mansoni proteins.

BACKGROUND Parasite-specific IgE is thought to correlate with protection against Schistosoma mansoni infection or re-infection. Only a few molecular targets of the IgE response in S. mansoni infection have been characterised. A better insight into the basic mechanisms of anti-parasite immunity could be gained from a genome-wide characterisation of such S. mansoni allergens. This would have repercussions on our understanding of allergy and the development of safe and efficacious vaccinations against helminthic parasites. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A complete medium- to high-throughput amenable workflow, including important quality controls, is described, which enables the rapid translation of S. mansoni proteins using wheat germ lysate and subsequent assessment of potential allergenicity with a humanised Rat Basophilic Leukemia (RBL) reporter cell line. Cell-free translation is completed within 90 minutes, generating sufficient amounts of parasitic protein for rapid screening of allergenicity without any need for purification. Antigenic integrity is demonstrated using Western Blotting. After overnight incubation with infected individuals' serum, the RS-ATL8 reporter cell line is challenged with the complete wheat germ translation mixture and Luciferase activity measured, reporting cellular activation by the suspected allergen. The suitability of this system for characterization of novel S. mansoni allergens is demonstrated using well characterised plant and parasitic allergens such as Par j 2, SmTAL-1 and the IgE binding factor IPSE/alpha-1, expressed in wheat germ lysates and/or E. coli. SmTAL-1, but not SmTAL2 (used as a negative control), was able to activate the basophil reporter cell line. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE This method offers an accessible way for assessment of potential allergenicity of anti-helminthic vaccine candidates and is suitable for medium- to high-throughput studies using infected individual sera. It is also suitable for the study of the basis of allergenicity of helminthic proteins

Use of the RS-ATL8 NFAT reporter system for diagnosis of hydatid disease

Despite major advances in the diagnosis of infections for many pathogenic organisms, there is still a problem obtaining an accurate immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus infection due to its serological cross-reactivity with other species of taeniid cestodes or at higher taxonomic levels. For this reason, there are ongoing efforts to develop a better method for diagnosis of echinococcosis, especially when the parasite has a crucial role in hypersensitivity reactions. Like other helminthic infections, one of the immunological hallmarks is an elevated serum concentration of parasite-specific IgE. Our aim was to assess the use of IgE reporter system as a possible new method for diagnosis Echinococcus spp infection, using RS-ATL8 NFAT Reporter System, which is a humanised rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL) cell line that can be used to detect the presence of specific human IgE directed against Echinococcus allergens and cross-link their receptors, depending on luciferase generation as an indication of presence of parasite-specific IgE, pointing to infection. Towards this goal, we first optimised the use of the humanised RS-ATL8 Reporter System. This was achieved by optimisation of experimental conditions, such as cell density, stimulation time, optimum conditions for sensitising factors and stimulant optimum concentration. Once a robust standard operating procedure had been elaborated, the second goal was to choose a few Echinococcus antigens for the investigation into their immunogenic properties and potential diagnostic value and to express them recombinantly for testing through the RS-ATL8 NFAT Reporter System. The chosen antigens were EF1-alpha, EgAg5, AgB2, Cyclophilin, Eg19, EgTeg, and EgTPx

Volatilitetshanterande strategi - En strategi för att hantera risk och stabilisera riskjusterad avkastning

Volatility managing strategies have gained attention over the last few years due to theiralleged ability to increase portfolio return and mitigate risk. This thesis examines the performance and risk of a portfolio using such a strategy on the Swedish equity market. The strategy is dependent on the forecasting of volatility. Different volatility forecasting models are evaluated using different refitting intervals. The GARCH(1,1) model using a monthly refitting interval is found to be the most precise. When comparing it to the buy-and-hold portfolio, the results of the risk and return of the portfolio are ambiguous and the volatility managing strategy is only found to be beneficial when using a fixed volatility target when transaction costs are accounted for. Regarding distributional characteristics, the volatility managing strategy displays features of a lighter-tailed distribution in comparison to the buy-and-hold portfolio when using a dynamic volatility target. However, for the fixed target, the distributional characteristics are incoherent. Lastly, the volatility managing strategy is not found beneficial to the investor during a shorter period of high volatility. This thesis provides support for using a volatility managing strategy with a fixed volatility target for generating a higher return compared to the benchmark. However, it does not support conclusive evidence for obtaining a higher return without increasing the risk level of the investment.Användningen av volatilitetshanterande strategier har fått ökad uppmärksamhet under de senaste åren. Därför undersöker detta arbete avkastningen och risken hos en portfölj som använder en sådan strategi på den svenska aktiemarknaden. Investeringsstrategin är baserad på prognosen av volatilitet. Olika modeller för volatilitetsprediktion utvärderas för olika tidsintervall för att hitta modellen med högst precision. Denna studie finner att en GARCH(1,1) modell som omanpassar sig månadsvis resulterar i den mest exakta prediktionen. Med hänsyn till risk och avkastning så är resultaten för volatilitetsstrategin tvetydiga i jämförelse med en köp-och-behåll strategi. Volatilitetsstrategin är endast fördelaktig när ett fast volatilitetsmål används då transaktionskostnader inkorporeras. Med avseende på fördelningsegenskaper, så visar en volatilitetsstrategi med ett rörligt volatilitetsmål på egenskaper hos en fördelning med lättare svansar, i jämförelse med köp-och-behåll portföljen. För det fasta volatilitetsmålet så är fördelningsegenskaperna inkoherenta. Volatilitetsstrategin är inte fördelaktig för investeraren under en kortare period med hög volatilitet. Detta examensarbete ger underlag för användandet av en volatilitetshanterande strategi med ett fast volatilitetsmål för att uppnå en högre avkastning i relation till referensportföljen. Det bevisar dock inte att en högre avkastning går att uppnå utan att öka risken hos portföljen

Förbehandling av data: En studie som testar transformationer för stationaritet av finansiell data

In thesis within Industrial Economics and Applied Mathematics in cooperation with Svenska Handelsbanken given transformations was examined in order to assess their ability to make a given time series stationary. In addition, a parameter α belonging to each of the transformation formulas was to be decided. To do this an extensive study of previous research was conducted and two different tests of hypothesis where obtained to confirm output. A result was concluded where a value or interval for α was chosen for each transformation. Moreover, the first difference transformation is proven to have a positive effect on stationarity of financial data.Det här kandidatexamensarbetet inom Industriell Ekonomi och tillämpad matematik i samarbete med Handelsbanken undersöker givna transformationer för att bedöma deras förmåga att göra givna tidsserier stationära. Dessutom skulle en parameter α tillhörande varje transformations formel bestämmas. För att göra detta utfördes en omfattande studie av tidigare forskning och två olika hypotestester gjordes för att bekräfta output. Ett resultat sammanställdes där ett värde eller ett intervall för α valdes till varje transformation. Dessutom visade det sig att "first difference" transformationen är bra för stationäritet av finansiell data

Förbehandling av data: En studie som testar transformationer för stationaritet av finansiell data

In thesis within Industrial Economics and Applied Mathematics in cooperation with Svenska Handelsbanken given transformations was examined in order to assess their ability to make a given time series stationary. In addition, a parameter α belonging to each of the transformation formulas was to be decided. To do this an extensive study of previous research was conducted and two different tests of hypothesis where obtained to confirm output. A result was concluded where a value or interval for α was chosen for each transformation. Moreover, the first difference transformation is proven to have a positive effect on stationarity of financial data.Det här kandidatexamensarbetet inom Industriell Ekonomi och tillämpad matematik i samarbete med Handelsbanken undersöker givna transformationer för att bedöma deras förmåga att göra givna tidsserier stationära. Dessutom skulle en parameter α tillhörande varje transformations formel bestämmas. För att göra detta utfördes en omfattande studie av tidigare forskning och två olika hypotestester gjordes för att bekräfta output. Ett resultat sammanställdes där ett värde eller ett intervall för α valdes till varje transformation. Dessutom visade det sig att "first difference" transformationen är bra för stationäritet av finansiell data