Variación estructural y dinámica del crecimiento de la sabina albar (Juniperus thurifera L.) en un sabinar manejado tradicionalmente en Soria

10 páginas, 1 tabla, 4 figuras.- Comunicación presentada al 5º Congreso Forestal Español que se celebró del 21 y 25 de septiembre de 2009 en Ávila, bajo el lema “Montes y sociedad: saber qué hacer”.Los sabinares de sabina albar (Juniperus thurifera L.) son de gran valor ecológico y productivo en áreas de clima continental en España. Sin embargo, las características básicas relacionadas con la variación estructural, la dinámica del crecimiento y los efectos del manejo son desconocidas. Su conocimiento es fundamental para el desarrollo de políticas de manejo sostenible y de conservación. Como área de estudio se seleccionó el monte “El Enebral” en la Sierra de Cabrejas, Soria, el cual presenta un sabinar históricamente manejado. El monte de unas 3.300 ha de extensión se dividió mediante una malla regular de 350 x 350 m. La sabina más próxima a cada nudo de esta malla fue medida, talada y seccionada a intervalos de 0,5 m en altura con el objeto de estimar su edad y evaluar sus patrones de crecimiento en diámetro y altura. Se muestrearon un total de 107 individuos. Se utilizaron técnicas dendrocronológicas y de análisis espacial para estudiar la variación estructural y los patrones de crecimiento. Las variables estructurales, como el diámetro y la altura de las sabinas, estuvieron determinadas por la edad y la variación en la tasa de crecimiento, mientras que los factores ambientales mostraron un papel secundario sobre la variación estructural. Durante los últimos 300 años, el establecimiento de las sabinas fue continuo en el tiempo, pero discontinuo en el espacio, con amplias áreas dominadas por sabinas con una edad similar. La heterogeneidad espacial de la distribución de las sabinas y la existencia de un período inicial de crecimiento reducido fueron consecuencia de un intenso pastoreo y de la extracción selectiva de pies que cesó a finales del siglo XIX. Las liberaciones y reducciones bruscas del crecimiento fueron sincrónicas en las diferentes clases de edad, coincidiendo con registros históricos de disminución del número de cabezas de ganado y con otros cambios de manejo.La Junta de Castilla y León financió parcialmente esta investigación (proyectos VA0110B05, VA069A07).Peer reviewe

International outbreak of salmonellosis in a hotel in Lloret de Mar, Spain, August 2007

On 21 August 2007, a hospital in Barcelona, Spain, informed local health authorities in Girona of the occurrence of an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness among three families who had eaten lunch at a hotel in Lloret de Mar on 14 August 2007. Only one of these three families was staying at the hotel. The lunch on 14 August at the hotel was the only meal they had shared. Samples for stool culture were collected from six of the 12 affected individuals in this outbreak and all tested positive for Salmonella spp. Local epidemiologists carried out a preliminary investigation by interviewing the 12 cases notified by the hospital in Barcelona on 21 August. Information about clients having stayed at the hotel around 14 August was obtained from the hotel manager and from the health centre that usually provides medical assistance to clients of the hotel. Affected tourists from 12 countries were detected. Most of these guests had returned to their countries by the time of the investigation. Most of the cases came from France; therefore on 26 August, the French Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVS) and the four Spanish autonomous regions implicated were contacted to initiate an investigation coordinated by the Centro Nacional de Epidemiología in Spain. On 27 August, a European alert was sent through the Early Warning and Response System (EWRS). On 29 August, after a teleconference organised by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), all involved countries were included in the international investigation of this outbreak. The aim of the investigation was to describe the extent of the outbreak and determine the vehicle/source of infection in order to reduce risks of future outbreaks.We would like to thank all epidemiologists and their departments in the Spanish Autonomous Regions: Catalonia, the Basque Country, Aragón and Valencia. Also very special thanks to the Institut de Veille Sanitaire in France and the Ministry of the Czech Republic for their help during the investigation. Thanks to Marta Valenciano, Viviane Bremer and Alicia Barrasa for their supervision and valuable comments; to Rui Cabral and Lisanne Gerstel for their help.S

Delay in diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus infection in critically ill patients and impact on clinical outcome

Background: Patients infected with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus requiring admission to the ICU remain an important source of mortality during the influenza season. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of a delay in diagnosis of community-acquired influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus infection on clinical outcome in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU. Methods: A prospective multicenter observational cohort study was based on data from the GETGAG/SEMICYUC registry (2009–2015) collected by 148 Spanish ICUs. All patients admitted to the ICU in which diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus infection had been established within the first week of hospitalization were included. Patients were classified into two groups according to the time at which the diagnosis was made: early (within the first 2 days of hospital admission) and late (between the 3rd and 7th day of hospital admission). Factors associated with a delay in diagnosis were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results: In 2059 ICU patients diagnosed with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus infection within the first 7 days of hospitalization, the diagnosis was established early in 1314 (63.8 %) patients and late in the remaining 745 (36.2 %). Independent variables related to a late diagnosis were: age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.02, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.03, P < 0.001); first seasonal period (2009–2012) (OR = 2.08, 95 % CI 1.64–2.63, P < 0.001); days of hospital stay before ICU admission (OR = 1.26, 95 % CI 1.17–1.35, P < 0.001); mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.58, 95 % CI 1.17–2.13, P = 0.002); and continuous venovenous hemofiltration (OR = 1.54, 95 % CI 1.08–2.18, P = 0.016). The intra-ICU mortality was significantly higher among patients with late diagnosis as compared with early diagnosis (26.9 % vs 17.1 %, P < 0.001). Diagnostic delay was one independent risk factor for mortality (OR = 1.36, 95 % CI 1.03–1.81, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Late diagnosis of community-acquired influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus infection is associated with a delay in ICU admission, greater possibilities of respiratory and renal failure, and higher mortality rate. Delay in diagnosis of flu is an independent variable related to death