Group‐Focused Counseling: Classifying the Essential Skills

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/89577/1/j.2164-4918.1982.tb00669.x.pd

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

Verbal Stroking Behaviors of a Counselor and Ten Clients in Individual Treatment Sessions.

The purpose of this research was to describe and evaluate the changes that occurred in the verbal stroking behaviors (VSB) of ten clients and a counselor in eight individual treatment sessions. Specifically, the following changes were examined: (1) changes in client verbal stroking behaviors, (2) relationships between clients' and counselor's perceptions of changes in clients' verbal stroking behaviors, (3) changes in counselor verbal stroking behaviors, (4) relationships between clients' and counselor's verbal stroking behaviors, and (5) counselor's perceptions of clients' progress in treatment. Verbal stroking behaviors were investigated within the theoretical framework of Transactional Analysis (TA). Ten females aged 19 to 50 years were chosen by convenience from the population seeking professional treatment through a private counseling office. Data were obtained from self-report counselor and client forms of the Barry Stroke Questionnaire (BSQ), personal information form, counselor progress notes, and from content analysis of audiotape transcriptions recorded on the Barry Content Analysis Graph (BCAG). All instruments were developed for this research. Content validity of the BSQ and BSAG were demonstrated by 100% agreement of expert reviewers. Cronbach alphas for the 16-item BSQ ranged from .78 to .87. At least 75% agreement among raters was maintained on use of the BCAG. Client and counselor data from sessions one, four, and eight were analyzed using pair-wise t-tests, Pearson product-moment correlations, and descriptive statistics. Significant changes in perceptions of clients' verbal stroking behaviors over the course of treatment were found; the vast majority of these changes were positive ones. The clients perceived themselves to change in positive ways; the counselor also perceived positive changes in clients' behaviors. Independent raters perceived no change in either client or counselor behaviors based on audiotape transcriptions. Content analysis revealed that the majority of the client-counselor interactions were positive. Results of the research based on content analysis of transcriptions did not reveal support for TA theory. However, results based on client and counselor data did support the views of TA theorists and the clinical observations of the investigator, that is, that people changed in positive and measurable ways over the course of counseling treatment. In addition, the research yielded instruments by which to measure those changes.Ph.D.Educational psychologyUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/159506/1/8324139.pd

Methods and biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer and other diseases : Towards personalized medicine

The rapid development of new diagnostic procedures, the mapping of the human genome, progress in mapping genetic polymorphisms, and recent advances in nucleic acid- and protein chip technologies are driving the development of personalized therapies. This breakthrough in medicine is expected to be achieved largely due to the implementation of "lab-on-the-chip" technology capable of performing hundreds, even thousands of biochemical, cellular and genetic tests on a single sample of blood or other body fluid. Focusing on a few disease-specific examples, this review discusses selected technologies and their combinations likely to be incorporated in the "lab-on-the-chip" and to provide rapid and versatile information about specific diseases entities. Focusing on breast cancer and after an overview of single-nucleofide polymorphism (SNP)-screening methodologies, we discuss the diagnostic and prognostic importance of SNPs. Next, using Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) as an example, we provide a brief overview of powerful and innovative integration of traditional immuno-histochemistry techniques with advanced biophysical methods such as NMR-spectroscopy or Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. A brief overview of the challenges and opportunities provided by protein and aptamer microarrays follows. We conclude by highlighting novel and promising biochemical markers for the development of personalized treatment of cancer and other diseases: serum cytochrome c, cytokeratin-18 and -19 and their proteolytic fragments for the detection and quantitation of malignant tumor mass, tumor cell turn-over, inflammatory processes during hepatitis and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and apoptotic/necrotic cancer cell death. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Feminist Economics of Inequality, Development, and Growth

This study examines connections between intergroup inequality and macroeconomic outcomes, considering various channels through which gender, growth, and development interact. It upholds the salience not only of equality in opportunities but also equality in outcomes. The contribution argues that inequalities based on gender, race, ethnicity, and class undermine the ability to provision and expand capabilities, and it examines the macroeconomic policies that are likely to promote broadly shared development. It explores how the macroeconomy acts as a structure of constraint in achieving gender equality and in turn how gender relations in areas like education and wage gaps can have macro-level impacts. Further, it underscores that the interaction of the macroeconomy and gender relations depends on the structure of the economy, the nature of job segregation, the particular measure of gender inequality, and a country's international relations. Finally, it outlines policies for promoting gender equality as both an intrinsic goal and a step toward improving well-being.Development, growth, inequality, gender, macroeconomic policy, feminist economics, JEL CODES: 04, J3, E0, B54, D30,

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least 4 m. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the 6.5 m James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 yr, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit