Pressurised Liquid Extraction of Capsaicinoids from Peppers

Se presenta el desarrollo de un método de extracción de capsaicinoides en pimientos mediante la técnica de extracción mediante fluidos presurizados

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of capsaicinoids from peppers

The development of a rapid, reproducible and simple method of extraction of the majority capsaicinoids (nordihydrocapsaicin, capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin and homodihydrocapsaicin) present in hot peppers by the employment of ultrasound-assisted extraction is reported

Optimization of a new extraction technique for analysis of verbenone and cis-verbenol in pine seeds

Results from a systematic study of the factors affecting extraction of cis-verbenol and verbenone from pine seeds are presented. Five extraction conditions were investigated: extraction solvent, method of extraction, extraction temperature, volume of solvent, and the ratio of the mass of sample to the amount of extraction solvent

Fast determination of capsaicinoids from peppers by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography using a reversed phase Monolithic Column

This article reports the development of a rapid and reproducible method of HPLC with fluorescence detection for the determination and quantification of the main capsaicinoids (nordihydrocapsaicin, capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin and homodihydro-capsaicin) present in hot peppers by employing a monolithic column

Rapid determination of simple polyphenols in grapes by HPLC using a monolithic column

The development of a rapid, reliable and reproducible LC method for the determination and quantification of 13 polyphenols (gallic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, gentisic acid, catechin, vanillinic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, epicatechin, syringaldehyde, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid and resveratrol) in grapes and derived products is reported

Sperm Flow Cytometry: Beyond Human Fertilization and Embryo Development

Male infertily is a contributing factor in up to 50% of all infertility cases, a solo cause in about 30% of them. Therefore, new and improved diagnostic methods that reduce operator variability regarding sperm defects that are not accesible by the conventional microscope scoring should be evaluated. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been involved in the description of alternative pathways in basic cellular functions. it is important to know that it is also related to the peri-implantatory processes that involve the sperm-oocyte interaction, cellular changes observed during fertilization, and the early and late embryo development. Several pathways have been involved at the early stages of human gametogenesis. The spermatozoon has demonstrated an intricate correlation during the fertilization process, as a transfected vector on genetic material, and as interacting with other inner components (RNAm, mitochondrial organelles, etc.). Spermatogenesis is affected by programmed death cell pathways from its packaging process through the elongated cytoplasmic structures during spermiogenesis. Flow cytometry (FC) has been an outstanding tool with the capability to select human gametes to achieve a better reproductive condition. It has been applied as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool allowing a measurable and objective selection and discrimination of spermatozoa from subfertile subjects. Using FC, we are able to know that early distribution of organelles such as mitochondria has an impact in embryo quality before genetic activation on the eight-cell stages occurs. This chapter will let the readers know the current knowledge on sperm fertilization and the relation between the embryo development and the offspring and all the tools now available for an early diagnosis and to identify therapeutic options with FC

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES IN RURAL REGIONS IN THE STATE OF YUCATAN, MEXICO

Globalization today motivates companies to change according to market needs and for adapting to their environment, so it is necessary for them to manage their knowledge efficiently reinventing, innovating and implementing new product and service strategies, incorporating them to new business models and challenges. This is why the relation among knowledge management, entrepreneurial development and organizational performance becomes more important. In rural regions of the State of Yucatan, in the South East of Mexico, natural environment conditions, culture and the way of life could become barriers for entrepreneur formation and hence, for the development of micro and small business firms. Knowing the way for managing knowledge, the entrepreneurial competencies of micro and small entrepreneurs, as well as their organizational performance, will allow Government, universities, business chambers and private investors, design and implement strategies for contributing to a better development of such companies, improving the quality of life of people in such region

ENVIRONMENTAL STABILITY OR COMPLEXITY FOR STRUCTURE DESIGNING?

It is important for organizations that the structure corresponds to the environment. The objective is to know, from the perspective of enterprise directors, what they consider for designing organizational structure: stability or complexity. A correlation cross sectional study was developed in 23 enterprises in which their directors or representatives participated in a survey consisting in two instruments: one for verifying their perspective about structural performance, and another for knowing how they consider their environment in two dimensions: stability and complexity, according to Duncan´s classification. The results show that environmental complexity is more considered than stability by directors for designing their organizational structure. There is also a strong correlation between structure designing and organizational performance, which corresponds to what was expected according to the authors in the supportive literature. The study was developed in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, in mid-size enterprises including manufacturing, commerce and service. The data was gathered in the second semester of 2006. As structures are designed based on complexity more than in stability, which had not been discussed before at least for enterprises in the South-East of Mexico, their response to environmental attacks tends to be slower than necessary, decision making takes a long time and the mechanistic paradigm prevails. Helping organizations consider both stability and complexity could make them respond in a faster and more accurate way to environmental change, making them more flexible, productive and competitive