38 research outputs found

    Impact of Non-Weighting in the Analysis of Data Obtained from Complex Samples

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    Objective: To compare the estimates obtained, considering or not the weighting data. Material and Methods: Secondary data from the Oral Health Survey of the State of São Paulo (SBSP2015) was used for calculation of mean estimates, standard errors of the mean and confidence intervals (CI) for the DMFT index and components (decayed, lost and filled), in the age group of 35-44 years. Multiple logistic regression models were estimated, considering or not the weighting from the sampling plan (p<0.05). Results: It was observed that the estimates of the DMFT index and the carious component did not vary much when the design was considered or not (1.1% and 2.0%, respectively). However, the data referring to the lost and filled component showed greater differences between the values of the means. The averages fluctuated up and down by up to 6.7% for weighted versus unweighted analyses. The standard error was underestimated in the unweighted analysis and the confidence interval showed variations. Differences between the regression models obtained by the weighted and unweighted analysis of the data were detected. Conclusion: Although weighted and unweighted models presented differences of less than 10% in estimates of the mean, confidence intervals, as well as statistical inferences, were different.  Thus, weighting should be applied in the population base data analysis collected by sampling with complex designs

    CRESCIMENTO E ACÚMULO DE SOLUTOS ORGÂNICOS NO FEIJÃO VIGNA SUBMETIDO AO ESTRESSE SALINO

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    Foi conduzido um experimento em condições de casa de vegetação, pertencente à Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, em Recife, PE., Brasil, com o objetivo de serem avaliados efeitos do estresse salino no crescimento e acúmulo de solutos orgânicos, em feijoeiro vigna, cultivar “pele de moça”. Os tratamentos foram organizados em arranjo fatorial, composto por duas texturas de solo: franco-arenosa e franco-argilosa, quatro níveis de salinidade: 0,0 (Testemunha), 4,0; 8,0 e 12,0 dS m-1 a 25ºC, com cinco repetições. A salinização foi feita pela aplicação de 2/3 NaCl e 1/3 CaCl2. A colheita das plantas ocorreu aos 28 dias após a semeadura. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que houve redução de biomassa seca da parte aérea (62,7%) e aumento nos teores de prolina (72,2%) nas plantas submetidas ao tratamento salino mais alto. Não houve relação significativa entre teor de glicina-betaína e salinidade do solo. Entretanto, o teor de carboidratos solúveis totais nas folhas aumentou 26,6%, quando se comparou o tratamento de mais alta salinidade com a testemunha. Os teores de clorofila das plantas submetidas à salinidade (12 dS m-1) tiveram valores superiores em relação à testemunha; 60,7% para clorofila a e 45,6% para clorofila b. Deste modo, observou-se que o feijoeiro vigna, quando submetido ao estresse salino, desenvolveu mecanismos de tolerância, denotados pelo acúmulo de alguns solutos orgânicos

    Seed germination, phenology, and antiedematogenic activity of Peperomia pellucida (L.) H. B. K.

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    BACKGROUND: Peperomia pellucida is popularly known as coraçãozinho in the Brazilian northeast and is used in the treatment of abscesses, furuncles, and conjunctivitis. Our work aimed to determine the term of the development stages and the species cycle in the four seasons of the year (complete development, beginning of bloom, complete bloom, and seed set), verifying the plant's therapeutic profile during the four distinct development phases in order to detect differences in its potency. Pharmacological tests were performed to observe the anti-inflammatory activity. RESULTS: Phenological observations were accessed for a 12 month-period, from the Brazilian summer of 1999/2000 to fall 2000. On average the plantules' emergence occurred 15 days after seeding. All plantules grew in a similar manner up to 25 days after transplantation in all seasons. Starting on the 25(th) day, we observed faster growth during spring, with plants reaching a height of about 60 cm after 100 days of transplantation, unlike other seasons, in which plants reached heights of 40, 40, and 35 cm during winter, summer, and fall, respectively. The P. pellucida aqueous extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity during phenophases 1 and 2 of winter and spring. Depending on the plant's phenophase there was variation in the potency of edema inhibition. CONCLUSION: P. pellucida has a phenological cycle of approximately 100 days. It is recommended that the P. pellucida aqueous extract is used as an antiedematogenic only during phenophases 1 and 2 of winter and spring

    Mapping the morbidity and mortality of Chagas disease in an endemic area in Brazil

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    Chagas disease is among the 21 neglected diseases according to the World Health Organization. This study aimed to investigate the morbidity and mortality distribution of Chagas disease for identifying areas with greater prevalences and deaths of the disease in Northeast Brazil. A population-based ecological study was performed from 2016 to 2018 using data on acute Chagas disease patients from the Disease Notification Information System, chronic cases from the Chagas Disease and the referral Heart Failure Outpatient Clinic in Pernambuco, and Chagas disease-related mortality from the Mortality Information System. The unit of analysis were Pernambuco State mesoregions. The indicators were spatialized into thematic maps on the occurrence and mortality of the disease per 100,000 inhabitants. No cases of acute disease were reported in the period analyzed. Data on 801 chronic Chagas disease patients were analyzed. The population showed an average age of 62 years, with female predominance. The most prevalent comorbidity was systemic arterial hypertension and cardiologic involvement without ventricular dysfunction. The average chronic disease occurrence rate was 3.2/ 100,000 people/ year. As for deaths in the mortality system; in total, 350 deaths were recorded, showing male predominance, age ≥ 60 years, and chronic disease with cardiac involvement as the main mortality cause. The annual average mortality proportion was 1.6/100,000 people. The chronic case distribution showed spatial heterogeneity, with the highest rates of chronic disease and deaths observed in two mesoregions, with the main cause of death being heart-related. This highlights the need for more specialized services in areas with higher burden of the disease to avoid delay in the patients’ care

    Oral or topical administration of L-arginine changes the expression of TGF and iNOS and results in early wounds healing

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    PURPOSE: To evaluate the contribution of L-arginine oral or topical rout of administration in the surgical wound healing process. METHODS: L-arginine was orally or topically administrated to mice after a laparotomy model procedure. The wounds were analyzed to evaluate the granulation tissue by HE analysis, collagen deposition, iNOS and cytokines production by immunochemisyry on wound progress. Mice used in this model were healthy, immunosupressed or diabetic and all of them were treated with different concentration of L-arginine and rout of administration. RESULTS: Suggested that groups treated with L-arginine orally or topically improved wound repair when compared with non-treatad mice. L- arginine treatment stimulated TGF-β and restricted NO production leading to a mild Th1 response and collagen deposition in injured area, when it was orally administrated. Topical administration decreased IL-8 and CCR1 expression by wound cells but did not interfere with TNF-α and IL-10 production, ratifying the decrease of inflammatory response, the oral administration however, presented a higher iNOS and TGF-β expression then. L-arginine treatment also improved the improved the wound healing in immunosupressed or diabetic mice. CONCLUSION: L-arginine administrated orally or topically can be considered an important factor in the recuperation of tissues

    Association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly in Brazil, January to May, 2016: preliminary report of a case-control study.

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    BACKGROUND: The microcephaly epidemic, which started in Brazil in 2015, was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by WHO in 2016. We report the preliminary results of a case-control study investigating the association between microcephaly and Zika virus infection during pregnancy. METHODS: We did this case-control study in eight public hospitals in Recife, Brazil. Cases were neonates with microcephaly. Two controls (neonates without microcephaly), matched by expected date of delivery and area of residence, were selected for each case. Serum samples of cases and controls and cerebrospinal fluid samples of cases were tested for Zika virus-specific IgM and by quantitative RT-PCR. Laboratory-confirmed Zika virus infection during pregnancy was defined as detection of Zika virus-specific IgM or a positive RT-PCR result in neonates. Maternal serum samples were tested by plaque reduction neutralisation assay for Zika virus and dengue virus. We estimated crude odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs using a median unbiased estimator for binary data in an unconditional logistic regression model. We estimated ORs separately for cases with and without radiological evidence of brain abnormalities. FINDINGS: Between Jan 15, 2016, and May 2, 2016, we prospectively recruited 32 cases and 62 controls. 24 (80%) of 30 mothers of cases had Zika virus infection compared with 39 (64%) of 61 mothers of controls (p=0·12). 13 (41%) of 32 cases and none of 62 controls had laboratory-confirmed Zika virus infection; crude overall OR 55·5 (95% CI 8·6-∞); OR 113·3 (95% CI 14·5-∞) for seven cases with brain abnormalities; and OR 24·7 (95% CI 2·9-∞) for four cases without brain abnormalities. INTERPRETATION: Our data suggest that the microcephaly epidemic is a result of congenital Zika virus infection. We await further data from this ongoing study to assess other potential risk factors and to confirm the strength of association in a larger sample size. FUNDING: Brazilian Ministry of Health, Pan American Health Organization, and Enhancing Research Activity in Epidemic Situations

    Principais Técnicas de Conservação dos Alimentos / Main Food Preservation Techniques

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    A necessidade de estocagem de alimentos para utilização em um maior período de tempo é um fator determinante para o desenvolvimento de técnicas que preservem ao máximo a qualidade sensorial e nutricional dos produtos alimentícios mantendo-os seguros para o consumo. Diante disso, o objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre as principais técnicas de conservação dos alimentos. Utilizou-se como processo metodológico uma revisão do tipo narrativa, incluindo as bases de dados Scielo, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed, revistas eletrônicas de saúde, além de busca manual, onde foram inseridos livros e textos presentes em manuais vinculados ao ministério da agricultura. Entre as técnicas mais empregadas, se fez necessário uma subclassificação, de acordo com os métodos empregados, sendo eles: preservação por calor, frio, secagem ou desidratação, adição de elementos, fermentação, osmose e ação de embalagens. Evidenciando-se que há uma ampla variedade de métodos e técnicas empregadas na conservação de alimentos, muitas dessas que se iniciaram de forma rústica e através da modernização, tornaram-se mais eficientes e sofisticadas

    A Importância da Biossegurança na Produção e Utilização de Produtos Naturais e Fitoterápicos/ The Importance of Biosafety in the Production and Use of Natural and Herbal Products

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    As plantas medicinais vêm sendo utilizadas desde os tempos mais remotos e tem um papel relevante na terapêutica de diversas doenças, no entanto, o uso indiscriminado oferece riscos à saúde humana, uma vez que, essas plantas podem ser consideradas tóxicas. Dessa forma, é importante que tanto os profissionais quanto os consumidores conheçam os riscos relacionados à exposição a agentes potencialmente nocivos. Por isso, a manipulação, produção e utilização desses fitoterápicos devem estar de acordo com as boas práticas, levando em consideração a biossegurança. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a importância da biossegurança na utilização de produtos naturais e fitoterápicos, ressaltando os riscos da falta de conhecimento das normas de biossegurança. O estudo consistiu em uma revisão narrativa realizada por meio de consultas nas bases dados, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), SciELO e Periódicos CAPES sobre a biossegurança na utilização de produtos naturais e fitoterápicos. O levantamento bibliográfico baseou-se em artigos científicos completos publicados nos idiomas, português, inglês e espanhol, com dimensão temporal entre 2010 e 2019. A utilização de produtos naturais fabricados a partir de plantas é de relevante importância para assegurar o uso adequado dos mesmos, sendo necessária a implantação de práticas comunicativas que visem informar a população sobre o uso de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos de modo apropriado bem como estabelecer métodos de fiscalização e biossegurança.

    A importância da sustentabilidade ambiental na produção de refeições: uma revisão integrativa

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    A quantidade de restaurantes tem aumentado significativamente devido ao padrão alimentar da sociedade que tem sido caracterizado pela diminuição da frequência da realização das refeições em casa. Devido a isso, cada vez mais a sustentabilidade ambiental tem se tornado importante na produção de refeições em serviços de alimentação, pois, através das atividades consideradas ecologicamente sustentáveis reduz-se o impacto ao meio ambiente. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo foi identificar evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre a importância da sustentabilidade ambiental na produção de refeições. Para a pesquisa, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura e foram definidos os descritores (sustentabilidade, nutrição, serviços de alimentação, unidade de alimentação e nutrição e refeições) para a localização dos estudos. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos científicos completos em português, publicados entre os anos de 2016 e 2020. Foram avaliados 7 artigos na íntegra e nenhum versou sobre a questão do estudo, o que demonstra a necessidade do desenvolvimento de um maior quantitativo de pesquisas científicas nacionais sobre a relevância da sustentabilidade ambiental na produção de refeições
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