FONTES DE FÓSFORO MINERAL E ORGANOMINERAL NO ESTADO NUTRICIONAL E NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR.

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o fertilizante fosfatado organomineral com o mineral no desenvolvimento inicial da cana-de-açúcar. Não houve diferença entre as fontes utilizadas sobre o desenvolvimento e o estado nutricional de plantas de cana-de-açúcar

Early Holocene ritual complexity in South America: the archaeological record of Lapa do Santo (east-central Brazil)

Early Archaic human skeletal remains found in a burial context in Lapa do Santo in eastcentral Brazil provide a rare glimpse into the lives of hunter-gatherer communities in South America, including their rituals for dealing with the dead. These included the reduction of the body by means of mutilation, defleshing, tooth removal, exposure to fire and possibly cannibalism, followed by the secondary burial of the remains according to strict rules. In a later period, pits were filled with disarticulated bones of a single individual without signs of body manipulation, demonstrating that the region was inhabited by dynamic groups in constant transformation over a period of centuries

Endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria associated with Paspalum atratum and its potential for plant growth promotion with different phosphate sources

The genus Paspalum belongs to the family Poaceae and has several species that are native to Brazil. The Paspalum Germplasm Bank (GB) of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation comprises approximately 450 accessions from 50 species. Among these accessions, Paspalum atratum (BGP 308) has economic potential for forage purposes. However, the endophytic and rhizospheric microbial communities within this accession and their ability to promote plant growth remain unknown. The present study aimed to isolate the endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria associated with P. atratum and to assess their potential for plant growth improvement, so-called plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). For the in vitro tests, the ability of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB), phosphate solubilization (PS) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) production were evaluated. A total of 116 endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria were obtained from the isolation. In the in vitro tests, 43 (37.00%) of these isolates showed positive NFB, PS, and IAA results. These isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. The phosphate solubilization index (PSI) ranged from 2 to 3.61, all 43 strains performed biological nitrogen fixation and the IAA production ranged from 12.85 to 431.41 μg ml−1. Eight of these 43 isolates were evaluated in vivo in a greenhouse using P. atratum caryopsis. The pots were filled with soil prepared with three different phosphate sources and one control without phosphate. After growth, the plants were submitted to morphological, bromatological and chemical determination. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA). In the in vivo test, treatments 105 (Pseudomonas sp.) and 458 (Pseudomonas sp.) were the most significant for the crystalline phosphate source, 109 (Bacillus sp.) for the sedimentary phosphate source and, as for the soluble phosphate source most treatments that received bacterial isolates had higher phosphorus content in the dry matter than the uninoculated soluble phosphate control. The 105FCR (crystalline phosphate + Pseudomonas sp.), 109FSE (sedimentary phosphate + Bacillus sp.), and 110 FSE (sedimentary phosphate + Enterobacter sp.) treatments showed the best results for plant growth promotion. This work made it possible to determine the bacterial community associated with P. atratum (BGP308) and to obtain new potential plant growth-promoting strains

Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America

We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 49 individuals forming four parallel time transects in Belize, Brazil, the Central Andes, and the Southern Cone, each dating to at least 9,000 years ago. The common ancestral population radiated rapidly from just one of the two early branches that contributed to Native Americans today. We document two previously unappreciated streams of gene flow between North and South America. One affected the Central Andes by 4,200 years ago, while the other explains an affinity between the oldest North American genome associated with the Clovis culture and the oldest Central and South Americans from Chile, Brazil, and Belize. However, this was not the primary source for later South Americans, as the other ancient individuals derive from lineages without specific affinity to the Clovis-associated genome, suggesting a population replacement that began at least 9,000 years ago and was followed by substantial population continuity in multiple regions

Characterization of the surface formations of the Lagoa Santa Karst: a case study of the Poligonal Basin of Vargem da Lapa (Municipality of Lagoa Santa, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil)

Na Área de Proteção Ambiental Carste de Lagoa Santa, no distrito da Lapinha, Município de Lagoa Santa, se localiza a Bacia Poligonal da Vargem da Lapa. Esse sistema, que não apresenta qualquer drenagem perene, tem na sua posição mais deprimida duas cavernas, a Vargem da Lapa e do Lapa do Beijo, que são o destino final de todo material transportado por suas vertentes. Os pisos de ambas as cavernas estão totalmente colmatados por depósitos sedimentares, contrariando o observado no Carste de Lagoa Santa, onde a tendência é a remoção destes materiais e exposição dos condutos. Para a melhor compreensão do comportamento dos materiais e características do recorte estudado, bem como completando estudos já realizados no carste, foram adotadas três linhas de pesquisa (i) análise das propriedades físicas e químicas da cobertura pedológica da bacia e dos depósitos clásticos do interior das cavernas, (ii) caracterização morfológica dos três compartimentos do carste local exocarste, epicarste e endocarste e (iii) emprego de novos dispositivos para a caracterização espacial destes compartimentos. Os resultados das análises física e química do material móvel da paisagem, apontou a presença de cambissolos nas áreas de cimeira e vertente, enquanto nas zonas de topografia mais branda, ocorre a presença dos latossolos além disso, foi atestada a hipótese de que a cobertura pedológica da região não é fruto da pedogênese das rochas carbonáticas. Já no material do interior da caverna foram identificadas argilas de alta atividade, insinuando uma rigorosa seleção granulométrica durante seu transporte A morfologia da paisagem chamou atenção pelo discreto desenvolvimento de seus elementos, se comparados à outras posições do Carste de Lagoa Santa. No exocarste só foi anotada ocorrência de uma dolina, enquanto as feições do epicarste não chamam a atenção como no Planalto das Dolinas. Já o endocarste expõe corredores estreitos e ausência de salões amplos e ornamentados. O imageamento da bacia para posterior geoprocessamento foi realizado com o auxílio de um Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) e trouxe ao estudo um produto gráfico muito proveitoso pois permitiu alcançar elementos não visíveis em softwares de visualização do terreno. Já no levantamento topográfico da caverna foram utilizados dispositivos novos na sua mensuração, reduzindo consideravelmente o tempo desta tarefa. O concatenamento das conclusões desses três eixos permitiu inferir que as áreas de influência das cavernas são variáveis e deve ser considerado a condição que elas se posicionam em relação à bacia. Além disso os resultados obtidos, abriram portas para futuras averiguações mais complexas no ambiente.In the Environmental Protection Area of Lagoa Santa, in the district of Lapinha, Municipality of Lagoa Santa, the Poligonal Basin of Vargem da Lapa is located. This system, which does not have any perennial drainage, has in its most depressed position two caves, Vargem da Lapa and Lapa do Beijo, which are the final destination of all material transported by its slopes. The floors of both caves are completely covered by sedimentary deposits, contrary to what is observed in the Carte de Lagoa Santa, where the tendency is the removal of these materials and exposure of the conduits. In order to better understand the behaviour of the materials and characteristics of the studied clipping, as well as completing studies already carried out on the karst, three lines of research were adopted: (i) analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the pedological cover of the basin and the clastic deposits of the interior of the (ii) morphological characterization of the three local karst compartments - exocarste, epicarste and endocarste and (iii) use of new devices for the spatial characterization of these compartments. The results of the physical and chemical analysis of the mobile material of the landscape, pointed to the presence of cambisols in the summit and slope areas, while in the areas with a milder topography, the presence of the oxisols also occurred, it was attested to the hypothesis that the pedological cover of the region is not the result of the pedogenesis of the carbonate rocks. In the material of the interior of the cave, high activity clays were identified, insinuating a rigorous granulometric selection during its transportation The morphology of the landscape attracted attention due to the discrete development of its elements, if compared to the other positions of the Carte de Lagoa Santa. In the exocarste was only noted occurrence of a dolina, while the features of the epicarste do not attract attention as in the Sinkhole Plateau. The endocarste exposes narrow corridors and the absence of large, ornate halls.The imaging of the basin for subsequent geoprocessing was accomplished with the aid of a Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) and brought to the study a very useful graphic product because it allowed to reach elements not visible in software of visualization of the terrain. Already in the topographic survey of the cave were used new devices in its measurement, considerably reducing the time of this task. The concatenation of the results of these three axes allowed inferring that the areas of influence of the caves are variable and must be considered the condition that they are positioned in relation to the basin. In addition the results obtained, opened doors for future more complex enquiries

Os primeiros povoadores do litoral norte do Espírito Santo: uma nova abordagem na arqueologia de sambaquis capixabas

Resumo Os sambaquis do litoral do Espírito Santo foram pouco estudados pelas pesquisas arqueológicas realizadas no estado. Apesar de serem conhecidos desde finais do século XIX, foram recorrentemente considerados uma extensão marginal dos desenvolvimentos culturais que aconteciam no Rio de Janeiro. À escassez de informações sobre as características dos sítios, soma-se a ausência de datações 14C bem referenciadas, as quais impedem o entendimento da profundidade temporal e da evolução da ocupação humana pré-colonial no litoral do estado. Este artigo apresenta as metas e os resultados da retomada das pesquisas arqueológicas nos sambaquis do litoral norte do Espírito Santo, em Linhares. Até o momento, foram escavados dois sambaquis cuja idade recua em quase 2000 anos o registro de presença humana na costa do estado. As novas pesquisas seguem um método padronizado para escavação dos sítios, especialmente desenhado para a primeira caracterização dos sambaquis, o qual envolve a construção de um banco de dados digital e a incorporação de sistemas informatizados para gerenciamento das escavações. As pesquisas revelaram evidências da ocupação humana na região anterior ao máximo transgressivo holocênico (sítio Suruaca 20, datado em c. 6800 cal. AP), momento em que manguezais, restingas e florestas de tabuleiros constituíam o ambiente costeiro

Role of direct mechanism in two-nucleon T=0 transfer reactions in light nuclei using the (Li 6,α) probe

Background: Two-nucleon transfer reactions provide a unique tool to understand the correlation between nucleon pairs. Two-nucleon (pp, nn, and np) transfer reactions can occur via isoscalar (T=0, S=1) or isovector (T=1, S=0) processes. In particular, the isoscalar pair transfer can be induced by the (α,d) or (Li6,α) probes. In the past, most of the isoscalar np-transfer studies were performed with the (α,d) reaction, but this probe is strongly momentum mismatched with respect to other two-nucleon transfer reactions. Purpose: We aim to investigate the interplay between direct and sequential reaction mechanisms from the analysis of experimental (Li6,α) angular distributions in light targets. Method: Differential cross sections of (Li6,α) reactions at a beam energy of 20 MeV were measured with C12 and F19 targets. The interplay between direct and sequential transfer mechanisms in the experimental angular distributions was investigated with coupled-reaction-channels calculations. Results: The experimental angular distributions of isoscalar np transfer were compared with theoretical calculations assuming a direct or a sequential reaction mechanism. Direct np-transfer calculations describe successfully most of the angular distributions. The sequential transfer mechanism is about two orders of magnitude smaller than the direct process. Conclusions: The present results suggest a significant np correlation in the C12(Li6,α)N∗14 and F19(Li6,α)Ne∗21 reactions. Despite the relatively low cross section for the reactions with the asymmetric F19 target, the direct transfer mechanism remains dominant over the sequential process. Further studies including measurements with other asymmetric sd-shell nuclei will be required to fully understand the isoscalar and isovector np-transfer mechanism in this nuclear region.Fil: Zamora, J.C.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Ferreira, J.L.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Barioni, A.. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Cardozo, E.N.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Abriola, Daniel Hugo. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; ArgentinaFil: Arazi, Andres. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Assunção, M.. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: de Barbará, Ezequiel. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; ArgentinaFil: Cardona, Maria Angelica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; ArgentinaFil: Guimarães, V.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Hojman, Daniel Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; ArgentinaFil: Martí, Guillermo Virginio. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; ArgentinaFil: Mendes, D.R.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; BrasilFil: Pacheco, Alberto Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; ArgentinaFil: Pires, K.C.C.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Ramos, D.. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física (Centro Atómico Constituyentes). Proyecto Tandar; ArgentinaFil: Santos, O.C.B.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Lubian, J.. Universidade Federal Fluminense; Brasi

Analysis and improvement of the process of economic, social, and environmental impact assessment of technologies from Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste Análise e melhoria do processo de avaliação dos impactos econômicos, sociais e ambientais de tecnologias da Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste

The main objective of this study was to use the business process management methodology to strengthen the process of "Economic, social, and environmental impact assessment of technologies from Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste". A methodology based on the PDCA cycle was used, which allowed the indication of the key point (inventory of technology), the critical success factor (selection of the adopted technologies), the main problem (non-assessment of technology), and major causes of the problem. The advantages obtained with the implementation of the BPM are: providing information to process managers and quality work since this analysis clearly defined the objective, customers, performance indicators, products, and expected results. The importance of an organized and available database that provides information on demands, research results, and the development stage of technologies was verified. Internal clients were made aware of the process importance. The process also proved a useful tool for the R&D management stages: 1) demand establishment, 2) development and implementation of projects, 3) dissemination, transfer, and innovation, and 4) impact assessment. There are several discontinuities in the management of R & D. The BPM can be assimilated and implemented by public research institutions and its use should be constantly encouraged.<br>O objetivo deste estudo foi, a partir da análise e melhoria do processo, fortalecer o processo de "Avaliação dos impactos econômicos, sociais e ambientais de tecnologias da Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste". Utilizou-se uma metodologia baseada no ciclo PDCA, que possibilitou a indicação do ponto-chave (inventário das tecnologias), do fator crítico de sucesso (seleção das tecnologias adotadas), do principal problema (não avaliação das tecnologias), e das principais causas do problema. Com a implantação das ações de melhoria, detectaram-se as vantagens do uso da metodologia, que são: a disponibilização de informações aos executores do processo, para facilitar a realização do trabalho com qualidade, uma vez que foram claramente definidos nesta análise o objetivo, os clientes, os indicadores de desempenho, os produtos e os resultados esperados. Verificou-se a importância da organização e disponibilização de banco de dados com informações sobre as demandas, resultados de pesquisa, e estágio de desenvolvimento de tecnologias. Os clientes internos foram sensibilizados para a necessidade do processo. Demonstrou-se que o processo também é ferramenta útil para a gerência de P&D, para acompanhar passo a passo as quatro fases de: 1) levantamento de demandas; 2) elaboração e execução de projetos; 3) difusão, transferência e inovação; e 4) avaliação de impactos. Verificaram-se várias descontinuidades no processo gerência de P&D. A Análise e Melhoria de Processos - AMP pode ser assimilada e posta em prática por instituições de pesquisa pública, e deve ser estimulada constantemente para ser assimilada e praticada

Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America.

We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 49 individuals forming four parallel time transects in Belize, Brazil, the Central Andes, and the Southern Cone, each dating to at least ∼9,000 years ago. The common ancestral population radiated rapidly from just one of the two early branches that contributed to Native Americans today. We document two previously unappreciated streams of gene flow between North and South America. One affected the Central Andes by ∼4,200 years ago, while the other explains an affinity between the oldest North American genome associated with the Clovis culture and the oldest Central and South Americans from Chile, Brazil, and Belize. However, this was not the primary source for later South Americans, as the other ancient individuals derive from lineages without specific affinity to the Clovis-associated genome, suggesting a population replacement that began at least 9,000 years ago and was followed by substantial population continuity in multiple regions

Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America.

We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 49 individuals forming four parallel time transects in Belize, Brazil, the Central Andes, and the Southern Cone, each dating to at least ∼9,000 years ago. The common ancestral population radiated rapidly from just one of the two early branches that contributed to Native Americans today. We document two previously unappreciated streams of gene flow between North and South America. One affected the Central Andes by ∼4,200 years ago, while the other explains an affinity between the oldest North American genome associated with the Clovis culture and the oldest Central and South Americans from Chile, Brazil, and Belize. However, this was not the primary source for later South Americans, as the other ancient individuals derive from lineages without specific affinity to the Clovis-associated genome, suggesting a population replacement that began at&nbsp;least 9,000 years ago and was followed by substantial population continuity in multiple regions