A Teoria Antropológica do Didático como uma ferramenta metodológica para o estudo das relações métricas no triângulo retângulo

This research is a cut of a master's dissertation, which aimed to analyze the mathematical and didactic praxeologies about metric relations in the right triangle present in the collections of textbooks of the final years of elementary school and high school textbooks written by the same authors, in order to identify how does the passage of this mathematical knowledge from one stage of education to another. The Anthropological Theory of Didactics (TAD) proposed by Chevallard (1999) and his collaborators was used as theoretical support, allowing the identification of the praxeologies present in the 'Mathematics Reality & Technology', 'Teláris Mathematics', '#Contact Mathematics' and 'Mathematics Context & Applications' textbooks. The analyses performed point out that these authors emphasize the Pythagorean Theorem as the main resolution technique and the construction of the technological-theoretical environment, exploring in the tasks the resolution through the application of formulas. It is believed that the approaches that were developed in the analyzed books contribute to the teaching and learning of metric relations in the right triangle and consequently of geometry, continue experiencing difficulties, and this is one of the factors to make progress in the teaching of geometry.Essa pesquisa é um recorte de uma dissertação de mestrado, que teve como objetivo analisar as praxeologias matemáticas e didáticas acerca das relações métricas no triângulo retângulo presentes nas coleções de livros didáticos dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental e dos livros didáticos do Ensino Médio escritas pelos mesmos autores, a fim de identificar como acontece a passagem desse saber matemático de uma etapa de ensino para outra. Como aporte teórico, utilizou-se a Teoria Antropológica do Didático (TAD) proposta por Chevallard (1999) e seus colaboradores, que permitiu a identificação das praxeologias presentes nos livros didáticos ‘Matemática Realidade & Tecnologia’, ‘Teláris Matemática’, ‘#Contato Matemática’ e ‘Matemática Contexto & Aplicações’. As análises realizadas apontam que esses autores dão enfase no Teorema de Pitágoras como principal técnica de resolução e na construção do ambiente tecnológico-teórico, explorando nas tarefas a resolução por meio da aplicação de fórmulas. Acredita-se que as abordagens que foram desenvolvidas nos livros analisados contribuem para que o ensino e aprendizagem das relações métricas no triângulo retângulo e consequentemente da geometria, continue passando por dificuldades, sendo esse um dos fatores para que se avance no ensino da geometria

Suplementação de Vitamina D: Potencial terapêutico nas doenças imunomediadas: Vitamin D supplementation: Therapeutic potential in immune-mediated diseases

 A vitamina D é um pró-hormônio que além de regular o metabolismo do cálcio também faz a interação e regulação com sistema imunológico, uma vez que sua ação sistêmica se deve a expressão do receptor de vitamina D (VDR) em uma ampla variedade de tecidos corporais. A diferenciação das células imunológicas está associada a vitamina D, bem como a modulação da expressão de proteínas chave no contexto da imunidade. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial terapêutico da suplementação da vitamina D em doenças imunomediadas e descrever o seu papel fisiológico no organismo com destaque no sistema imunológico. Foi realizado uma revisão integrativa da literatura composta de artigos nos idiomas inglês e português publicados nos últimos 10 anos na base de dados The Cientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e US National Library Of Medicine (PUBMED). Foram analisados ensaios clínicos randomizados com desfechos positivos em 80% dos estudos, sendo todos os estudos do tipo duplo-cego realizados em humanos suplementados com vitamina D, com dosagem específica para cada pesquisa. Com base nos estudos conclui-se que a vitamina D é fundamental para regulação da resposta do sistema imune, com potencial efeito terapêutico na suplementação de doenças imunomediadas. De maneira geral, o efeito da vitamina D no sistema imunológico se traduz em aumento da imunidade inata associada a uma regulação multifacetada da imunidade adquirida. Estes resultados demonstram uma relação entre a deficiência de vitamina D, prevalência e piora de algumas doenças. Os estudos atuais sugerem que a vitamina D não só reduz o risco, como também pode ser utilizada no tratamento de doenças imunomediadas

CUIDADO DOMICILIAR SOB A ÓTICA DE IDOSOS DEPENDENTES: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A ENFERMAGEM

Objetivo: compreender os significados, para idosos dependentes, do cuidado familiar no domicílio. Método: pesquisa qualitativa apoiada nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Foram sujeitos seis idosos com cognição preservada. Na coleta de dados, realizada no domicílio, entre junho e outubro de 2012, utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: as codificações dos dados permitiram classificar as necessidades cotidianas de cuidados, a percepção e os sentimentos dos idosos nos cuidados que recebem e a construção de um esquema conceitual sobre o fenômeno cuidado domiciliar sob a ótica de idosos dependentes. Expressaram sentimentos ambivalentes de segurança e gratidão, por terem um familiar à frente dos cuidados, e de impotência e tristeza, por necessitarem de uma pessoa para realizar as atividades que antes realizavam sem ajuda. Conclusão: apesar das dificuldades e dos problemas enfrentados no cuidado domiciliar, os idosos dependentes sentem satisfação em serem cuidados em casa, perto da família, por um cuidador familiar.Descritores: Assistência Domiciliar; Idoso; Cuidadores

Portuguese multidisciplinary recommendations for non-pharmacological and non-surgical interventions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

BACKGROUND: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) report significant levels of disease impact, which are improved, but not fully abrogated by immunosuppressive therapy, even when remission is achieved. This imposes the need for adjuvant interventions targeting the uncontrolled domains of disease impact. Non-pharmacological interventions are widely used for this purpose, but they have not been the object of professional recommendations or guidelines. OBJECTIVE: To propose multidisciplinary recommendations to inform clinical care providers regarding the employment of non-pharmacological and non-surgical interventions in the management of patients with RA. METHODS: The EULAR standardized operating procedures for the development of recommendations were followed. First, a systematic literature review was performed. Then, a multidisciplinary Technical Expert Panel (TEP) met to develop and discuss the recommendations and research agenda. For each developed recommendation i) the level of evidence and grade of recommendation were determined, and ii) the level of agreement among TEP members was set. A recommendation was adopted if approved by ≥75% of the TEP members, and the level of agreement was considered high when ≥8. All relevant national societies were included in this construction process to attain their endorsement. RESULTS: Based on evidence and expert opinion, the TEP developed and agreed on five overarching principles and 12 recommendations for non-pharmacological and non-surgical interventions in patients with RA. The mean level of agreement between the TEP members ranged between 8.5 and 9.9. The recommendations include a broad spectrum of intervention areas, such as exercise, hydrokinesiotherapy, psychological interventions, orthoses, education, general management of comorbidities, among others; and they set the requirements for their application. CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations are based on the consensus judgment of clinical experts from a wide range of disciplines and patients' representatives from Portugal. Given the evidence for effectiveness, feasibility and safety, non-pharmacological and non-surgical interventions should be an integral part of standard care for people with RA. It is hoped that these recommendations should be widely implemented in clinical practice. The target audience for these recommendations includes all health professionals involved in the care of patients with RA. The target patient population includes adult Portuguese people with RA.publishersversionpublishe

Effects of Anti-IL-17 on Inflammation, Remodeling, and Oxidative Stress in an Experimental Model of Asthma Exacerbated by LPS

Inflammation plays a central role in the development of asthma, which is considered an allergic disease with a classic Th2 inflammatory profile. However, cytokine IL-17 has been examined to better understand the pathophysiology of this disease. Severe asthmatic patients experience frequent exacerbations, leading to infection, and subsequently show altered levels of inflammation that are unlikely to be due to the Th2 immune response alone. This study estimates the effects of anti-IL-17 therapy in the pulmonary parenchyma in a murine asthma model exacerbated by LPS. BALB/c mice were sensitized with intraperitoneal ovalbumin and repeatedly exposed to inhalation with ovalbumin, followed by treatment with or without anti-IL-17. Twenty-four hours prior to the end of the 29-day experimental protocol, the two groups received LPS (0.1 mg/ml intratracheal OVA-LPS and OVA-LPS IL-17). We subsequently evaluated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, performed a lung tissue morphometric analysis, and measured IL-6 gene expression. OVA-LPS-treated animals treated with anti-IL-17 showed decreased pulmonary inflammation, edema, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix remodeling compared to the non-treated OVA and OVA-LPS groups (p < 0.05). The anti-IL-17 treatment also decreased the numbers of dendritic cells, FOXP3, NF-kappa B, and Rho kinase 1-and 2-positive cells compared to the non-treated OVA and OVA-LPS groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these data suggest that inhibition of IL-17 is a promising therapeutic avenue, even in exacerbated asthmatic patients, and significantly contributes to the control of Th1/Th2/Th17 inflammation, chemokine expression, extracellular matrix remodeling, and oxidative stress in a murine experimental asthma model exacerbated by LPS.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)National Council of Scientific and the Technological Development (CNPq)Laboratory of Medical InvestigationsUniv Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Med Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil|Hosp Sirio Libanes, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biol Sci, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biol Sci, Sao Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2013/17944-1Laboratory of Medical Investigations: LIM-20 FMUSPWeb of Scienc

Vivências das mães soropositivas frente a restrição do aleitamento materno / Experiences of seropositive mothers in front of the restriction of breastfeeding

Objetivo: Identificar a produção do conhecimento, na literatura acerca das vivências de mães soropositivas frente a restrição do aleitamento materno. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, realizada no período de dezembro de 2019 a abril de 2020, nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde (MEDLINE), Banco de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Os descritores em Ciência da Saúde (Decs) utilizados foram: “Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS”, “Aleitamento Materno”, “Relações Mãe-filho” e “Emoções”, “HIV”, “Breast feeding”, “Mother-child Relations” e “Emotion”. Foram identificados 180 artigos, dos quais 16 foram selecionados para análise dos dados. Resultados: obteve-se as seguintes categorias: sentimentos frente ao diagnóstico HIV/AIDS; sentimentos frente a restrição do aleitamento materno; e ausência da amamentação na influência do vínculo mãe-filho. Conclusão: concluiu-se que as evidências científicas apontam sobre a importância de melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados prestados às mães portadoras do HIV pelos profissionais de saúde, principalmente pela equipe de enfermagem, de modo que os enfermeiros possam planejar suas ações de encorajar e entender mais essas mães soropositivas

Evaluation Of Pain In Newborn In Intensive Therapy In The Vision Of Health Professionals

Objective: Evaluate how health professionals perceive the pain in the NBs hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Method: This is a descriptive, exploratory research with a qualitative approach, developed in the maternity hospital Instituto de Saúde Elpídio de Almeida (ISEA), in the period from February to March 2016, after approval by the Research Ethics Committee (CESED), where the technique of data collection was through an interview with a prior script divided into two parts: the first part deals with socio-demographic issues, while the second part deals with issues related to pain in the NB, where they were recorded and transcribed in their entirety, using the content treatment through content analysis of the thematic type proposed by Laurence Bardin. Results: The results show that all health professionals perceive the pain in the neonate, where three categories emerged: "relates the evaluation of pain with physiological and behavioral measurements"; "know, but do not evaluate with pain score", "do not evaluate with pain score". Regarding the use of some method for pain relief, two categories emerged: "use of non-pharmacological methods for pain relief"; "Use of simultaneous pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods". Conclusion: All the professionals contributed to the growth of this research, being necessary more studies about the pain, mainly with regard to the use of multidimensional scales, since there is a lack of knowledge on the part of the professionals and teams that work in the NICU

Protective Effects of Anti-IL17 on Acute Lung Injury Induced by LPS in Mice

Introduction: T helper 17 (Th17) has been implicated in a variety of inflammatory lung and immune system diseases. However, little is known about the expression and biological role of IL-17 in acute lung injury (ALI). We investigated the mechanisms involved in the effect of anti-IL17 in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice.Methods: Mice were pre-treated with anti-IL17, 1h before saline/LPS intratracheal administration alongside non-treated controls and levels of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), cytokine expression, extracellular matrix remodeling and oxidative stress, as well as immune cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and respiratory mechanics were assessed in lung tissue.Results: LPS instillation led to an increase in multiple cytokines, proteases, nuclear factor-κB, and Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), eNO and regulators of the actomyosin cytoskeleton, the number of CD4+ and iNOS-positive cells as well as the number of neutrophils and macrophages in BALF, resistance and elastance of the respiratory system, ARG-1 gene expression, collagen fibers, and actin and 8-iso-PGF2α volume fractions. Pre-treatment with anti-IL17 led to a significant reduction in the level of all assessed factors.Conclusions: Anti-IL17 can protect the lungs from the inflammatory effects of LPS-induced ALI, primarily mediated by the reduced expression of cytokines and oxidative stress. This suggests that further studies using anti-IL17 in a treatment regime would be highly worthwhile

The 1996 political campaign in Campina Grande, PB: an analysis of the electoral guide.

0 trabalho de investigação desenvolvido ao longo desta dissertação trata de analisar no Guia Eleitoral, exibido pela televisão, a campanha dos candidatos a prefeito no município de Campina Grande (PB), em 1996. As informações aqui analisadas foram "captadas" através da leitura e análise de vídeos, entrevistas abertas com os candidatos e pessoas envolvidas nas campanhas, pesquisa bibliográfica nos jornais da cidade, e coleta de dados junto ao Tribunal Regional Eleitoral. Elas tem a função de verificar as novas configurações que, agenciadas, criaram cenários espetaculares para os programas eleitorais veiculados pela televisão. No processo de invenção desses cenários, os especialistas em marketing se utilizaram de uma diversidade de recursos audiovisuais que provocaram efeitos múltiplos em cada programa eleitoral. Esses recursos forjaram cidades diversas, guias espetaculares, cujas cenas convergiram para os atos de invenção do candidato e do eleitor, além das vitórias constituindo por fim um cenário agradável e sedutor para o telespectador-eleitor. Esse cenário espetacular foi forjado em todos os programas; entretanto, verificamos especifiddades quanto as estratégias de produção de efeitos, com os recursos utilizados. Inicialmente, fizemos um percurso teórico em busca de informações que tecessem nossa problemática, para em seguida iniciarmos a análise da criação do espetaculo eleitoral mostrado no Guia Eleitoral pela televisão no referido município. Por fim, apresentamos as considerações finais sobre a discussão que nos propomos.The research work developed throughout this dissertation deals with to analyze in the Electoral Guide, on television, the campaign of candidates for mayor of the city of Campina Grande (PB), in 1996. The information here were "captured" through the reading and analysis of videos, interviews and open with the candidates and people involved in the campaigns, research bibliography in the city's newspapers, and data collection at the Regional Court Electoral. They have the function of checking the new configurations that, have created spectacular scenarios for the electoral programs television. In the process of inventing such scenarios, have used a variety of audiovisual multiple effects in each electoral program. These features forged diverse cities, spectacular guides, whose scenes converged on the acts of of the candidate and of the voter, in addition to the victories constituting at last a pleasant and seductive setting for the viewer-elector. This spectacular setting was forged in all programs; however, we have verified specificities the strategies of production of effects, with the resources used. Initially, we did a theoretical course in search of information that would to analyze the creation of the show Electoral Guide by television in the said municipality. Lastly, we present the final considerations on the discussion that we propose

Viabilidade do tratamento de água residuária sintética têxtil em reator aeróbio de leito fixo

A continuous flow reactor, inoculated with Aspergillus niger AN400, with total volume of 5 L was operated at 29 degrees C, with eight hours of retention hydraulic time and 150 L.h(-1) of air flow rate in order to remove 25 mg.L(-1) of Congo Red dye from a synthetic wastewater. The feeding of the reactor, inoculated with Aspergillus niger AN400, was done in two phases: Phase I, with 0,5 g/L of saccharose and Phase II, with no saccharose. In Phase I, it was possible to verify efficiencies of organic matter and color (mg Pt.L(-1)) removal of 80 +/- 16% and 82 +/- 10%, respectively. In Phase II, the efficiency of organic matter removal was 75 +/- 13% and color removal was 89 +/- 7%. The higher removals of nutrients were achieved by the reactor in Phase I with 25% to ammonia, 90% to nitrite, 93% to nitrate and 21% to phosphorus. Apparently, the presence of saccharose improved the removal of the nutrients