Relações hídricas de videiras cultivadas no Vale do São Francisco sob diferente porta-enxertos e estratégias de irrigação

Existe aumento na demanda por vinhos de alta qualidade no Vale do São Francisco, nova região produtora de vinhos no Brasil. Como a qualidade da uva depende do estado hídrico da videira, o conhecimento dos efeitos do porta-enxerto e do manejo de irrigação sobre as relações hídricas da videira é essencial para otimizar a produção e qualidade da uva. Sendo assim, avaliou-se a influência de porta-enxertos e estratégias de irrigação sobre as relações hídricas e o vigor vegetativo de videiras cultivadas em Petrolina, PE. Duas variedades copa, 'Moscato Canelli' e 'Syrah', enxertadas sobre IAC 572 e 1103 Paulsen foram submetidas a duas estratégias de irrigação: irrigação com deficit, na qual a irrigação foi suspensa após o início da maturação; e irrigação parcial das raízes, em que a água foi aplicada (100% da evapotranspiração da cultura) após o pegamento dos frutos, em apenas metade do sistema radicular, alternando os lados periodicamente (24 dias). Em geral, todos os tratamentos apresentaram valores de potencial hídrico foliar de base superiores a -0,2 MPa, indicando ausência de estresse hídrico. O estado hídrico da videira foi mais afetado pela porta-enxerto que pelos tratamentos hídricos. Os dois cultivares enxertadas sobre o IAC 572 apresentaram os maiores valores de potencial hídrico foliar, medido ao meio dia, e de potencial hídrico do caule, medido em folhas 1 hora após o acondicionamento em saco plástico e papel alumínio. Nos dois cultivares, a condutância estomática (g s), transpiração (E) e índice de área foliar (IAF) foram mais afetados pelos porta-enxertos que pelos tratamentos de irrigação. Os cultivares enxertados sobre IAC 572 apresentaram maiores g s, E e IAF em relação às enxertadas sobre o 1103 Paulsen. O elevado vigor vegetativo das cultivares foi provavelmente devido ao efeito do IAC 572 sobre a condutividade hidráulica das folhas e à maior absorção de água pelo sistema radicular deste porta-enxerto.There is an increased demand for high quality winegrapes in the São Francisco Valley, a new wine producing area in Brazil. As the grape quality is closely linked to the soil water status, understanding the effects of rootstock and irrigation management on grapevine water relations is essential to optimize yield and quality. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of irrigation strategies and rootstocks on water relations and scion vigour of field-grown grapevines in Petrolina, Pernambuco state, Brazil. The cultivars used as scions are Moscato Canelli and Syrah, both grafted onto IAC 572 and 1103 Paulsen rootstocks. The following water treatments were used: deficit irrigation, with holding water after veraison; and partial root-zone drying, supplying (100% of crop evapotranspiration) of the water loss to only one side of the root system after fruit set, alternating the sides periodically (about 24 days). In general, all treatments had values of pre-dawn leaf water potential higher than -0.2 MPa, suggesting absence of water stress. The vine water status was more affected by rootstock type than irrigation strategies. Both cultivars grafted on IAC 572 had the highest values of midday leaf water potential and stem water potential, measured on non-transpiring leaves, which were bagged with both plastic sheet and aluminum foil at least 1 h before measurements. For both cultivars, the stomatal conductance (g s), transpiration (E) and leaf area index (LAI) were also more affected by roostsotck type than by irrigation strategies. The IAC 572 rootstock presented higher g s, E and LAI than the 1103 Paulsen. Differences in vegetative vigor of the scion grafted onto IAC 572 rootstocks were related to its higher leaf specific hydraulic conductance and deeper root system as compared to the 1103 Paulsen, which increased the water-extraction capability, resulting in a better vine water status

Germination niche of a neotropical dry forest species: seed osmotic stress and recovery

Abstract: Erythrina velutina Willd is a native Fabaceae with wide occurrence, mainly in the Caatinga Domain with multiple uses. This study aimed to compare the vulnerability/tolerance of seeds of four accessions of E. velutina to osmotic stresses. Four replications were conducted with 25 seeds, germinated in osmotic solutions of NaCl or PEG up to -1.73 MPa. Seeds that did not germinate after 14 days were recovered in distilled water. Obtained data were fitted in Boltzmann curves and t50 and synchrony were evaluated. A probit analysis was performed, and hydrotime and halotime models were constructed. In distilled water, the germination curve was similar for all accessions. When the concentration of salt or PEG in the substrate increased, the accessions differentiated into two groups. Two accessions - Jutaí 2012 and Jutaí 2015 - maintained high germination up to -0.86 MPa NaCl, while Caboclo 2008 and Caiçara 2011 accessions presented a lower germination speed. The hydrotime and halotime analyses separated the germination response of accessions according to their physiological quality and tolerance to osmotic and saline conditions. Seeds viability was maintained at both stresses, since germination was reestablished at distilled water, thus constituting a crucial response for this species’ survival and conservation

Knowledge analysis on some zoonosis in a private school in the municipality of Bom Jesus-PI, Brazil

This study aimed to analyze the knowledge about some zoonosis in a private school in the city of Bom Jesus-PI, Brazil, through the application of questionnaires intended for primary school students, teachers and students´ parents. Zoonosis are transmissible illnesses in natural conditions between the animals and the human beings, and knowledge about them does not always reach the population exposed to constant risks, and it is necessary to plan health education actions in these areas. On the analysis of surveys noted significant numbers in relation to lack of knowledge on the part of interviewed in all groups. In relation to cutaneous larva migrans 37 (46,83%) of the students answered don´t know which factors were associated to the contamination, about to the prevention, 35 (44,30%) didn´t know the measures to be taken. Relating to Leishmaniasis, observed that 43 (54,43%) of the students have already heard about the disease, 37 (46,83%) answered that the dog is the responsible for transmitting and 34 (43,03%) the mosquito. In relation to the prevention, 36 (45,56%) answered combat to the mosquitoes, 35 (44,30%) using repellents, protection screens in windows and use of mosquito nets, as long as 07 (8,86%) didn´t know any prevention measure. In the amount of 79 students that answered the survey, 93,67% affirmed don´t have knowledge about giardiasis and 74,68% answered don´t know about how occurs the transmission about this zoonosis. Therefore, there is a need to carry out works that aim to provide this information to the population, especially the children because they are considered more susceptible as well as agents disseminating this information

Incidência de microrganismos em lotes de sementes de coentro do vale do submédio São Francisco/Incidence of micro-organisms in lots of coriander seeds of the São Francisco submediate valley

 O coentro é uma olerícola anual de grande importância para o Brasil, com destaque na comercialização das regiões Norte e Nordeste do país. Para manter uma boa produtividade a utilização de sementes de qualidade é de suma importância. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a incidência de microrganismos associados a sementes de coentro e o vigor das mesmas, provenientes de diferentes lotes de produtores da região do Vale do Submédio São Francisco. Desta forma foi conduzido um experimento em Juazeiro-BA no Departamento de Tecnologia de Ciências Sociais da Universidade do Estado da Bahia em condição de laboratório e em casa de vegetação, analisando as características de vigor e sanidade de quatro lotes sementes em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Observou-se diferença significativa entre os lotes analisados tanto em condições controladas quanto em situação de campo, com melhores resultados obtidas das sementes tratadas comercialmente e das sementes provenientes do distrito Maniçoba (lote 3) e ao final do experimento foram identificados cinco gêneros de fungos fitopatogênicos associados às sementes de coentro produzidos na região do Vale do Submédio São Francisco

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Foliar carbohydrates content and invertase activity in vines at São Francisco River Valley - Brazil

The irrigated agriculture at the São Francisco River Valley, Northeast Brazil, shows an increasing production of grapes for winery. Among the wines produced there the one obtained from Vitis vinifera L., cultivar Syrah, stands out due to its adaptation to the climatic conditions of the region. However, little is known about carbohydrates metabolism of vines cultivated in this region. The objective of this work was to evaluate sugar and starch contents and the invertase activity in vines leaves during two consecutive growing seasons. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Semi-Árido and at Santa Maria Winery, respectively located in Petrolina and Lagoa Grande, Pernambuco-Brazil. Leaves were collected weekly from January to December of 2003 and assessed for reducing sugars, total soluble sugars and starch contents, as well as for acid (AI) and neutral invertases (NI). The results showed that reducing sugars, total soluble sugars and starch contents increased during fruit maturation and are influenced by temperature, radiation and insolation variations. The second growing season showed higher reducing sugars and total soluble sugars content and lower starch content in the leaves than the first one. AI activity was higher than NI activity and these also varied according to weather conditions. During berries ripening, leaves showed higher sugar content and invertase activity, suggesting a higher sugar metabolism and transport during this phase

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data