Illuminosis in public space : the contemporary city

Fil: Barba, José Juan. España. Universidad de Alcalá de Henares

La transformación de una docente y el aula a través de una experiencia centrada en la socialización

El sistema escolar reclama una nueva forma de entender la formación del profesorado y la educación del alumnado. De este modo, el enfoque de la socialización se plantea como una de las aspiraciones a desarrollar en los centros y en el aula. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar una experiencia educativa de aprendizaje cooperativo en un aula de una escuela rural, desarrollada en el área de Educación Física. Al mismo tiempo, se considera la transformación de una maestra que ejercía como aprendiz en esta metodología; se contó también con la ayuda de investigadores para el análisis de las experiencias, las reflexiones sobre lo ocurrido, y la reconsideración del proceso en general. Los resultados muestran que las relaciones acontecidas en las reuniones, y las del alumnado en el aula, constituyeron un aprendizaje valioso que posibilitó la adquisición de nuevas competencias que profundizan en un conocimiento sólido, generan lazos de motivación y aportan respuestas a los problemas educativos.The school system claims for a new way of understanding the teachers training process and school education. In this context, socialization is seen as one of the aspirations that we can develop in schools and classrooms. The aim of this research was to analyze an educational experience of cooperative learning approach developed in a classroom/group of a school located in a rural area, in the area of Physical Education. At the same time, we also assessed the transformation of the teacher, a women who assumed the role of apprentice in this methodology; we had the support of researchers for the analysis of what was going on, reflections upon the experiences and reconsideracion of the process. Results show that the relations that took place in the meetings, and those among students in the classroom, constituted a significant learning of valuable competences that lay the foundations for a solid knowledge, promoted strong motivational links and gave answers to educational problems

Evaluación de resultados e impacto clínico de los modelos de intervención en pacientes con patología dual

La coocurrencia de trastornos por consumo de sustancias junto a otros trastornos mentales, fenómeno conocido como comorbilidad psiquiátrica o patología dual, constituye una realidad poco cuestionada dentro del ámbito psiquiátrico. Existe un consenso prácticamente unánime en que los pacientes con comorbilidad psiquiátrica presentan un mayor deterioro y peor curso terapéutico que los pacientes sin comorbilidad. No obstante, y en relación con la intervención con estos pacientes, distintos estudios de revisión han mostrado que un adecuado programa de intervención sobre estos pacientes permite una mejora notable de sus condiciones de vida. En Andalucía, existe un Protocolo de Actuación Conjunta entre las Unidades de Salud Mental Comunitaria (USMC) y los Centros de Tratamiento Ambulatorio de Drogodependencias (CTAD) para la atención a los pacientes con patología dual. En este contexto se presenta esta tesis, que tiene como objetivo general analizar la efectividad de la intervención de los pacientes con patología dual y los factores que contribuyen a la estabilidad psicopatológica y capacidad funcional en pacientes con patología dual. Para la consecución de este objetivo, se ha realizado un diseño observacional longitudinal, con dos momentos de evaluación: evaluación basal y seguimiento a los 6 meses. La muestra de participantes está formada por 182 pacientes con patología dual, de los cuales 51 han recibido tratamiento en las USMC, 62 en los CTAD, y 69 de manera coordinada. Se han administrado pruebas relacionadas con la severidad de la dependencia (SDSS), la estabilidad psicopatológica (BSI-18) y la capacidad funcional (WHODAS 2.0). En un primer estudio se ha analizado la utilidad clínica de la WHODAS 2.0 para identificar cambios fiables en los pacientes, aplicando dos modelos psicométricos: la Teoría Clásica de los Tests (TCT) y la Teoría de Respuesta a los Ítems (TRI). La fiabilidad estimada a través del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach proporciona valores aceptables para todos los dominios. El análisis a través de la TRI muestra una adecuada discriminación entre las personas con alta y baja discapacidad en la puntuación total, pero no en los dominios. Como consecuencia, los coeficientes kappa son bajos para detectar cambio fiable en la mayoría de los dominios, y adecuados para las puntuaciones totales. Como conlusión, se puede decir que el uso de la WHODAS 2.0 puede ser útil desde una perspectiva clínica para estos pacientes. Sin embargo, es necsario aportar más evidencias sobre la utilidad de las puntuaciones de los dominios. La decisión de usar las puntuaicones según la TCT o la TRI impacta en términos del cálculo del cambio clínicamente fiable. El segundo estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el perfil de los pacientes con patología dual tratados en las USMC, los CTAD y de manera coordinada. Los resultados mostraron udiferencias con respecto a lso pacientes con dependencia a heroína y cocaína (35.9% en CTAD vs 2% en USMC y 16.4% en coordinado). En las USMC se observa una mayor prevalencia de pacientes con dependencia a cannabis (41.2% vs 9.4% en el CTA y 16.4% en coordinado). La odds ratio para pacientes con episodios hipomaníacos fue de 2.879 (p<0.05) en lso CTAD, y de 0.483 (p<0.05) para episodios maníacos. Hay una mayor prevalencia de pacientes con trastornos psicóticos en las USMC en comparación con el SPDH (66% vs 37.5%). Como conclusión, estas diferencias detectadas en los perfiles deberían ser consideradas en la planificación asistencial de los centros que atienden a estos pacientes. El tercer estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la evolución de pacientes diagnosticados con patología dual, comparando los resultadso terapéuticos de aquellos que fueron atendidos en los CTAD, en las USMC y de manera coordinada por ambos servicios. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la evaluación basal y el seguimiento en la eWHODAS 2.0 y el BSI-18. Sí se encontró un incremento en el consumo de cocaína, siendo estadísticamente significativo en los centros de adicciones y de salud mental, pero no en la coordinada. Se observó un porcentaje de abandonos más elevados en los pacientes que seguían la modalidad coordianda. En términos de cambio fiable, se observó más pacientes que deterioraron su capacidad funcional en los CTAD y las USMC. Entre aquellos que recibieron atención cooridnada se observó más pacientes que mejoraron en todas las dimensiones de la WHODAS 2.0, con la excepción del dominio de autocuidados. En conclusión, es probable que los hándicaps causados por las diferentes redes de tratamiento estén explicando estos resultados. Sin embargo, pacients que se mantienen en los servicios coordinado, muestran un menor deteiroro de su funcionalidad que los pacientes de las otras modalidades.The co-occurrence of substance use disorders with other mental disorders, known as psychiatric comorbidity or dual diagnosis, is well documented reality in psychiatric field. From a clinical point of view, patients with dual disorders present a greater impairment and poorer therapeutic outcomes than those patients without such comorbidity. However, regarding intervention of these patients, different review studies have shown that an adequate intervention program on these patients allows a significant improvement in their living conditions. In Andalusia, there is a Coordinated Protocol between Community Mental Health Units (CMHU) and Addiction Treatment Centers (ATC) for the attention of patients with dual diagnosis. This thesis is framed in this context, wich general objective is to analyze the effectiveness of the intervention of patients with dual pathology and the factors that contribute to psychopathological stability and disability in patients with dual diagnosis. For this aim, this thesis adopted a longitudinal observational design, with a baseline evaluation and follow-up at 6 months. The sample consisted of 182 patients diagnosed by dual disorders. Of these, 51 patients were treated exclusively in the CMHU, 62 patients in the ATC, and 69 patients were treated in a coordinated manner between the CMHU and the ATC. The instruments administered measured severity of dependence (SDSS), psychopathological stability (BSI-18), and functional disability (WHODAS 2.0). On the first study, the clinical utility of WHODAS 2.0 to detect reliable change in these patients was analyzed. To do that, two psychometrics approaches were used: Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT). Reliability estimated by Cronbach's alpha provided acceptable values for all domains. The IRT model revealed an adequate precision of the item parameters, and an adequate capacity to discriminate between people with high and low disability in terms of the total scores, but not in the domains. As a consequence, the kappa coefficients are low to detect the reliable change in most domains, but adequate for the total score. In conclusions, the use of total WHODAS 2.0 scores may be useful from a clinical perspective. However, more evidence is required for domain scores in order to support its usefulness. The decision to use the CTT or the IRT makes difference in terms of calculating clinically reliable change. The second study analyze and compare the profile of dual patients treated in CMHU or ATC services with patients using both. The results show that a higher prevalence of patients with a cocaine and heroin dependence profile was observed in the patients treated in ATC (35.9%, as opposed to 2% in CMHU and 16.4% in the coordinated service). For those patients treated in CMHU there was a higher prevalence of profiles related to cannabis dependence (41.2%, as opposed to 9.4% in the ADH and 16.4% in the coordinated service). The odds ratio for hypomanic episodes was 2.879 (p <0.05) for patients in ATC compared with the other two services. The odds ratio observed for manic episodes was 0.483 (p <0.05) in ATC patients, whilst for patients in CMHU there was a higher prevalence of comorbid psychotic disorders in comparison with those using ATC services (66% as opposed to 37.5%). As conclusions, the differences in profiles identified should be taken into account when planning the attention on the different services. The third study analyze the progress of patients diagnosed with dual pathology, comparing the outcomes of those who exclusively attend either ATC or CMHU with those patients who follow a program in which the two services are coordinated. In general, the results show no statistically significant differences between baseline and follow up in WHODAS and BSI-18 scores. More cocaine use was found in three groups after intervention, but was statistically significant in patients attended by ATC and CMHU. Higher percentages of abandonment were found in patients attending coordinate services. In terms of reliable change, there were higher percentages of ATC and CMHU patients who showed a deterioration in WHODAS 2.0. Among those receiving the coordinated treatment, there were more patients who showed improvements in the WHODAS 2.0 dimensions, with the exception of the self-care dimension. The results show that the coordinated service is related with more abandonment. As conclusions, the inconvenience caused by going to different treatment networks may partially explain these results. However, patients who remain in treatment in coordinated services, show lower functionality deterioration than patients in other modalitie

Microstructure and mechanical properties of grains of silica nanofluids dried in an acoustic levitator

The microstructure and mechanical properties of spray-dried grains are key factors in many applications. In this work single droplets of silica nanofluids were dried in an acoustic levitator under different experimental conditions of solid mass fraction, pH value, salt concentration, drying temperature and initial droplet volume. ANOVA method was used to determine their influence on the final grain diameter, the shell thickness and the mechanical strength. The solid content and the droplet volume are the variables that exert an influence on these three properties. In addition, the mechanical strength is influenced by the pH value. The maximum packing fraction of the particles inside the shell was obtained by modeling the viscosity data with the Quemada equation. The packing fraction was then used to calculate the shell thickness. The internal microstructure of the grains was observed by SEM and the shell thickness was measured. Experimental and calculated results show good agreemen

Characterization of silica–water nanofluids dispersed with an ultrasound probe: A study of their physical properties and stability

The stability and agglomeration state of nanofluids are key parameters for their use in different applications. Silica nanofluids were prepared by dispersing the nanoparticles in distilled water using an ultrasonic probe, which has proved to be the most effective system and gives the best results when compared with previous works. Results were obtained concerning the influence of the solid content, pH and salt concentration on the zeta potential, electrical double layer, viscosity, elastic and viscous moduli, particle size and light backscattering. Measurement of all these properties provides information about the colloidal state of nanofluids. The most important variable is the solid content. Despite the agglomeration due to high concentration, nanofluids with low viscosity and behaving like liquid were prepared at 20% of mass load thanks to the good dispersion achieved with the ultrasonic treatment. The pH of the medium can be used to control the stability, since the nanofluids are more stable under basic conditions far from the isoelectric point (IEP) and settle at pH = 2. Therefore, stable nanofluids for at least 48 h, with high solid content, can be prepared at high pH value (pH > 7) due to the electrostatic repulsion between particles

El proceso de secado por atomización: formación de gránulos y cinética de secado de gotas

Spray drying is a unit operation very common in many industrial processes. For each particular application, the resulting granulated material must possess determined properties that depend on the conditions in which the spray drying processing has been carried out, and whose dependence must be known in order to optimize the quality of the material obtained. The large number of variables that influence on the processes of matter and energy transfer and on the formation of granular material has required a detailed analysis of the drying process. Over the years there have been many studies on the spray drying processing of all kind of materials and the influence of process variables on the drying kinetics of the granulated material properties obtained. This article lists the most important works published for both the spray drying processing and the drying of individual droplets, as well as studies aimed at modeling the drying kinetics of drops.El proceso de secado por atomización es una operación unitaria que interviene en numerosas aplicaciones industriales. Para cada aplicación en concreto, el material granulado resultante debe poseer unas propiedades determinadas que dependen de las condiciones en las que se lleve a cabo el secado por atomización, y cuya dependencia debe conocerse para así optimizar la calidad del material obtenido. El gran número de variables que influyen en los procesos de transferencia de materia y energía que tienen lugar, y en la formación del material granulado, han hecho necesario el análisis en detalle del proceso de secado. A lo largo de los años han sido muchos los estudios realizados sobre el secado por atomización y la influencia de las variables del proceso en la cinética de secado y las propiedades del material granulado obtenido, para todo tipo de materiales. En este artículo se recogen los trabajos más importantes publicados correspondientes tanto al secado por atomización como al secado de gotas individuales, así como los estudios cuyo objetivo es el modelado de la cinética de secado de gotas

Evolution of the accommodation situation among women living homeless in Madrid, Spain: A longitudinal study.

Women constitute a particularly vulnerable subgroup of people living homeless, with their own set of circumstances and life histories that are different from men in the same situation. In this paper, we present the results of a longitudinal study on the situation, needs, characteristics, and process of change among women in a homeless situation in Madrid (Spain). This study involved 136 homeless women who were spending the night at shelters, drop-in centers, on the street, or in public spaces. Data was collected through structured interviews conducted every 6 months for a total of 3 years. Throughout that period of time approximately half of the interviewed leaves the most extreme situation of homelessness. One in four interviewees gained access to independent accommodation, although in most cases this did not mean that they were no longer in a position of residential exclusion. The logistic regression analyses performed suggested that the variables with the closest correlation to improved accommodation were: receiving stable government economic benefits, obtaining income from work, not having Spanish nationality, not having a disability and having suffered fewer stressful life events at baseline, as well as a better perceived state of health. However, with regard to access to independent accommodation, the most closely-related variables were receiving stable government economic benefits and obtaining an income from work. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved

Transformations of a teacher in her relationship with a deafblind student

[ES] Cuando comenzamos a trabajar en la escuela tenemos un bagaje vivido como alumno que condiciona nuestra forma de dar clase y las expectativas que podemos tener hacia el alumnado, en general y al de necesidades educativas, en especial. Sin embargo, estas concepciones se pueden cambiar. El profesorado puede reconstruir su identidad docente haciendo prevalecer su pasión por la educación y con el apoyo de compañeros y compañeras. La historia de vida que se presenta es el de una maestra de Educación Infantil que tiene en su aula a una alumna inmigrante sordociega. En ella se muestra la transformación de su idea sobre la integración, avanzando a una concepción inclusiva. Este cambio se basa en procesos de reflexión individuales y en diálogos con otros compañeros y compañeras suponiendo que ampliase sus ideas acerca de lo positivo de la educación inclusiva y que las mejoras que buscaba en la alumna se extendiesen a todo el centro y fuera de este. La transformación de las creencias de la docente ha sido muy positiva para la familia de la alumna y para la propia alumna que se encuentran en un aula inclusiva con una educación lo más normalizada posible.[EN] When we started working in the school we have a student experience that determines the way we teach and the expectations we have towards the students in general and towards the educational needs in particular. However, these concepts can be changed. Teachers can rebuild their teaching identity giving priority to his passion for education and with the support of colleagues. Life history presented is of an Early Childhood Education teacher who has an immigrant student deafblind in her classroom. In the life history shows the transformation of her idea of integration shows that progress towards an inclusive conception. This change is based on individual reflections and dialogues with other colleagues to further extend their ideas about the positive aspects of inclusive education and that the improvements sought in the student were extended to all the center and out of this. The transformation of the beliefs of the teacher has been very positive for the family of the student and herself that are in an inclusive classroom with a normalized education