Role of 5HT1A Receptors in the Neuroprotective and Behavioral Effects of Cannabidiol in Hypoxic–Ischemic Newborn Piglets

Background: Hypoxic–ischemic (HI) insults have important deleterious consequences in newborns, including short-term morbidity with neuromotor and cognitive disturbances. Cannabidiol (CBD) has demonstrated robust neuroprotective effects and shows anxiolytic/ antidepressant effects as well. These effects are thought to be related to serotonin 5-HT1A receptor (5HT1AR) activation. We hereby aimed to study the role of 5HT1AR in the neuroprotective and behavioral effects of CBD in HI newborn piglets. Methods: 1-day-old piglets submitted to 30 min of hypoxia (FiO2 10%) and bilateral carotid occlusion were then treated daily with vehicle, CBD 1 mg/kg, or CBD with the 5HT1AR antagonist WAY 100635 1 mg/kg 72 h post-HI piglets were studied using amplitude-integrated EEG to detect seizures and a neurobehavioral test to detect neuromotor impairments. In addition, behavioral performance including social interaction, playful activity, hyperlocomotion, and motionless periods was assessed. Then, brain damage was assessed using histology (Nissl and TUNEL staining) and biochemistry (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Results: HI led to brain damage as assessed by histologic and biochemistry studies, associated with neuromotor impairment and increased seizures. These effects were not observed in HI piglets treated with CBD. These beneficial effects of CBD were not reversed by the 5HT1AR antagonist, which is in contrast with previous studies demonstrating that 5HT1AR antagonists eliminated CBD neuroprotection as assessed 6 h after HI in piglets. HI led to mood disturbances, with decreased social interaction and playfulness and increased hyperlocomotion. Mood disturbances were not observed in piglets treated with CBD, but in this case, coadministration of the 5HT1AR antagonist eliminates the beneficial effects of CBD. Conclusion: CBD prevented HI-induced mood disturbances in newborn piglets by acting on 5HT1AR. However, 5HT1AR activation seems to be necessary for CBD neuroprotection only in the first hours after HI.PI19/00927 project ISCIII European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) “A way to make Europ

A MÚSICA COMO INTERVENÇÃO NEUROPSICOLÓGICA NO TRATAMENTO DO TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO DO AUTISMO

Nos últimos anos, a música tem sido estudada enquanto importante recurso terapêutico que auxilia no tratamento de diversas patologias e distúrbios neurológicos e neuropsiquiátricos, dentre os quais encontra-se o Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA). Com o presente estudo, busca-se investigar a utilização da música como intervenção neuropsicológica no tratamento do transtorno do espectro do autismo. Realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico em referencial teórico sobre o autismo, música e neurociência, educação musical e musicoterapia e observou-se que estímulos musicais podem repercutir positivamente no desenvolvimento de pacientes com distúrbios neuropsicomotores e neuropsiquiátricos, sendo necessário expandir as investigações em algumas áreas para uma compreensão mais ampla e pormenorizada

Ação educativa para adolescentes de uma escola pública sobre conceitos de Transgênero: relato de experiência / Educational action for adolescents from a public school on Transgender concepts: an experience report

A adolescência é uma fase de novas descobertas, marcadas por transformações, medos e dúvidas referentes à sexualidade. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo relato de experiência realizado através de uma ação educativa para adolescentes de uma escola pública sobre conceitos de Transgênero. As atividades foram realizadas no período da tarde do dia 03 de Maio de 2019, com adolescentes de 16 a 19 anos, que estudam na referida instituição. Foi desenvolvida em três momentos: Primeiro momento realizada uma roda de conversa; segundo momento um jogo de tabuleiro do tipo trilha com 5 desafios; terceiro momento um Quiz, composto por 5 perguntas para verificar se os alunos absorveram o conteúdo. observou-se, em linhas gerais que quase a totalidade dos participantes já tinham certo conhecimento prévio a cerca do assunto, porém em 65% (22) dos casos se tinha  um conhecimento superficial, absorvidos através da internet. Nota-se que os meios de comunicações são os principais veiculadores de informações e formadores de opiniões principalmente quando se refere à sexualidade. O presente trabalho foi de suma importância para a compreensão de como é imprescindível difundir informações fidedignas, corretas e com embasamento científico

Role of 5HT1A Receptors in the Neuroprotective and Behavioral Effects of Cannabidiol in Hypoxic-Ischemic Newborn Piglets.

Background: Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insults have important deleterious consequences in newborns, including short-term morbidity with neuromotor and cognitive disturbances. Cannabidiol (CBD) has demonstrated robust neuroprotective effects and shows anxiolytic/antidepressant effects as well. These effects are thought to be related to serotonin 5-HT1A receptor (5HT1AR) activation. We hereby aimed to study the role of 5HT1AR in the neuroprotective and behavioral effects of CBD in HI newborn piglets. Methods: 1-day-old piglets submitted to 30 min of hypoxia (FiO2 10%) and bilateral carotid occlusion were then treated daily with vehicle, CBD 1 mg/kg, or CBD with the 5HT1AR antagonist WAY 100635 1 mg/kg 72 h post-HI piglets were studied using amplitude-integrated EEG to detect seizures and a neurobehavioral test to detect neuromotor impairments. In addition, behavioral performance including social interaction, playful activity, hyperlocomotion, and motionless periods was assessed. Then, brain damage was assessed using histology (Nissl and TUNEL staining) and biochemistry (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Results: HI led to brain damage as assessed by histologic and biochemistry studies, associated with neuromotor impairment and increased seizures. These effects were not observed in HI piglets treated with CBD. These beneficial effects of CBD were not reversed by the 5HT1AR antagonist, which is in contrast with previous studies demonstrating that 5HT1AR antagonists eliminated CBD neuroprotection as assessed 6 h after HI in piglets. HI led to mood disturbances, with decreased social interaction and playfulness and increased hyperlocomotion. Mood disturbances were not observed in piglets treated with CBD, but in this case, coadministration of the 5HT1AR antagonist eliminates the beneficial effects of CBD. Conclusion: CBD prevented HI-induced mood disturbances in newborn piglets by acting on 5HT1AR. However, 5HT1AR activation seems to be necessary for CBD neuroprotection only in the first hours after HI

Role of 5HT1A Receptors in the Neuroprotective and Behavioral Effects of Cannabidiol in Hypoxic–Ischemic Newborn Piglets

Background: Hypoxic–ischemic (HI) insults have important deleterious consequences in newborns, including short-term morbidity with neuromotor and cognitive disturbances. Cannabidiol (CBD) has demonstrated robust neuroprotective effects and shows anxiolytic/antidepressant effects as well. These effects are thought to be related to serotonin 5-HT receptor (5HTR) activation. We hereby aimed to study the role of 5HTR in the neuroprotective and behavioral effects of CBD in HI newborn piglets. Methods: 1-day-old piglets submitted to 30 min of hypoxia (FiO2 10%) and bilateral carotid occlusion were then treated daily with vehicle, CBD 1 mg/kg, or CBD with the 5HTR antagonist WAY 100635 1 mg/kg 72 h post-HI piglets were studied using amplitude-integrated EEG to detect seizures and a neurobehavioral test to detect neuromotor impairments. In addition, behavioral performance including social interaction, playful activity, hyperlocomotion, and motionless periods was assessed. Then, brain damage was assessed using histology (Nissl and TUNEL staining) and biochemistry (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Results: HI led to brain damage as assessed by histologic and biochemistry studies, associated with neuromotor impairment and increased seizures. These effects were not observed in HI piglets treated with CBD. These beneficial effects of CBD were not reversed by the 5HTR antagonist, which is in contrast with previous studies demonstrating that 5HTR antagonists eliminated CBD neuroprotection as assessed 6 h after HI in piglets. HI led to mood disturbances, with decreased social interaction and playfulness and increased hyperlocomotion. Mood disturbances were not observed in piglets treated with CBD, but in this case, coadministration of the 5HTR antagonist eliminates the beneficial effects of CBD. Conclusion: CBD prevented HI-induced mood disturbances in newborn piglets by acting on 5HTR. However, 5HTR activation seems to be necessary for CBD neuroprotection only in the first hours after HI.This work was supported by the PI19/00927 project, integrated with the Plan National de I + D + I, AES 2017-2020, funded by the ISCIII and cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) “A way to make Europe”

aEEG and neurologic exam findings correlate with hypoxic–ischemic brain damage severity in a piglet survival model

Background: Newborn pigs offer theoretical advantages for studying newborn hypoxic–ischemic (HI) brain damage because of a development and structure similar to the human brain. However, the correlation between functional features and actual HI brain damage has not been reported. Methods: Newborn pigs were examined daily for 3 days after a HI insult using amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG), and a neurobehavioral score enriched with stress and social and object interaction-driven activity evaluation. Brain damage was then assessed using histologic, immunohistochemical, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Brain concentration of several neurotransmitters was determined by HPLC. Results: HI insult led to aEEG amplitude decrease, muscle tone and activity impairment, eating disorders, poor environmental interaction, and increased motionless periods. Basal aEEG amplitude, muscle tone, and general behavior were the best predictive items for histological and biochemical (lactate/N-acetylaspartate ratio) brain damage. Hyperexcitable response to stress correlated inversely with brain damage. Motionless time, which correlated with brain damage severity, was inversely related to brain concentration of dopamine and norepinephrine. Conclusion: Standard neurologic examination of brain activity and motor and behavioral performance of newborn pigs is a valuable tool to assess HI brain damage, thus offering a powerful translational model for HI brain damage pathophysiology and management studies.This work was supported by grants from the Carlos III Research Institute (ISCiii) according to the Spanish Plan for R + D + I 2008–2011 and the State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation 2016–2019, with co-funding from the European Regional Development Funds (FEDER) (FIS- PI16/00689) and from the Biomedicine Program, Community of Madrid (S2010/BMD-2308)

Innovación en la Región Caribe de Colombia: aportes teóricos y buenas prácticas

El presente libro, resultado de investigación, aborda la evolución en innovación en el Departamento de Sucre, mostrando en el 1er. capítulo un acercamiento al proceso de inversión en Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación del Departamento de Sucre–CTeI; posteriormente, en los capítulos 2 y 3, se enfoca en la educación. En dichos capítulos, se propone modelo de innovación aplicados a las instituciones de Educación Superior. En los capítulos 4. a 6., se muestran resultados de estudio enfocados en la innovación social, proponiendo modelos que favorecen el mejoramiento de las condiciones de las comunidades. Y, finalmente, los capítulos 7 a 10 se enfocan en el ámbito empresarial, estudiando las dinámicas de Innovación en el Sector Agro